Alika Kinan - Alika Kinan

Alika Kinan
Alika Kinan (35532328796) (kesilgan) .jpg
Kinan 2017 yilda
Tug'ilgan
Alika Kinan Sanches

(1976-06-24) 1976 yil 24 iyun (44 yosh)
Kordova, Argentina[1]

Alika Kinan Sanches (1976 yil 24-iyunda tug'ilgan) argentinalik feminist va odam savdosiga qarshi kurashuvchi. 2012 yilda u jinsiy ekspluatatsiya qilinayotgan fohishaxonada politsiya reydidan so'ng, u fohishabozlikni bekor qilishni targ'ib qila boshladi. U o'zining ekspluatatorlari va fohishaxona joylashgan shaharni sudga berganida, u Argentinada ommaviy axborot vositalarining e'tiborini tortdi. U AQSh Davlat departamenti odam savdosiga qarshi faolligi uchun mukofot berganida u butun dunyoga tanilgan.

Alika Kinan mukofot bilan birga Reks Tillerson va Ivanka Tramp 2017 yil 27-iyun kuni.

Xronologiya

  • 15 yosh: Otam oilani tark etadi.
  • 16 yosh: Ona Kinanni o'n yoshli singlisiga topshiradi.
  • 17 yosh: o'zini va singlisini boqish uchun jinsiy ishlarni boshlaydi.
  • 20 yosh: ko'chib o'tadi Ushuaia Sheik fohishaxonasida ishlash. Bir necha oy ichida Black & White fohishaxonasiga ko'chib o'tadi.
  • 23 yosh: Qora va Oqda uch yildan so'ng, ga o'tadi Ispaniya va jinsiy ishdan voz kechib, turmushga chiqadi.
  • 32 yosh: ko'chib o'tmoqda Kordova, Argentina.
  • 34 yosh: ajralishlar, jinsiy aloqaga qaytish. Ushuayada yana Sheykda ishlagan.
  • 36 yosh: Shayxda bo'lgan ikki yildan keyin fohishaxona politsiya tomonidan reyd qilindi. Jinsiy aloqani yana tark etadi.
  • 40 yosh: Shayxning sobiq egalari va menejerlarini muvaffaqiyatli sudga beradi. Sudlanuvchilar apellyatsiya shikoyati berishdi.
  • 41 yosh: odam savdosiga qarshi kurashish uchun AQSh Davlat departamenti mukofoti.

Bolalik va oila

Kinanning oilasi unga yaxshi ta'lim berish uchun etarli pulga ega edi, ammo otasi onasini haqorat qila boshlagach, uning hayoti pastga siljiy boshladi. Kinanning aytishicha, onasi, buvisi va xolalari bilan birga fohishalik qilgan.[2] U otasi kechki ovqatdan keyin qanday qilib onasi bilan uchrashgani va uni qanday qilib uni qutqargani haqida hikoyalar aytib berganini aytib berdi zulo.[3] (Zulo ko'p ma'nolarga ega so'z. Shu nuqtai nazardan, bu kichkina, bechora kvartira yoki fohishaxonani anglatishi mumkin.) Kinan o'n to'rt yoshida zo'rlangan. U o'n besh yoshda va singlisi to'qqiz yoshida ota-onasi ajralib ketishdi va otasi oilani qo'llab-quvvatlashni to'xtatdi.[4]

Ota-onalar tomonidan tashlab yuborilgan, jinsiy aloqada ishlashga kirishgan

Bir yil o'tgach, Kinanning onasi bordi Buenos-Ayres, uni singlisiga g'amxo'rlik qilish uchun qoldirdi.[4] (Ba'zi manbalarga ko'ra, Kinanning onasi Kinan va uning singlisini Buenos-Ayresga olib ketgan va Kinan keyinchalik qaytib kelgan Kordova.[5]) Kinan mahalliy xamir ovqatlar tayyorlash va sotishga urinib ko'rdi, lekin o'zini va singlisini boqish uchun etarli pul topolmadi. Otasi unga yordam berishdan bosh tortdi.[4] Xabar qilinishicha, u unga "Siz nima qilishingiz kerakligini bilasiz" deb aytgan, bu uning fohishaga aylanishini anglatgan.[5] U uch oy davomida kimdir uchun ishlagan, ammo ish haqi olmagan. Do'stim, xususiy kvartirada tugagan fohishaxona Qo'yda ishlashni taklif qildi.[4]

Kinan jinsiy ish bilan shug'ullanishga qaror qilganini eslaydi:

Mening buvim fohisha edi, onam va xolalarim ham xuddi shunday vaziyatga tushib qolish tabiiy tuyuladi. Onam ketgach, men o'zimdan ancha yoshroq singlimni boshqaraman. Vaqt keldi, bizda hech narsa yo'q edi, yashash uchun joyimiz yo'q edi, bu o'ta og'ir vaziyat edi, men kichkina bolam bilan qoldim va men o'sha vaziyatga duch keldim. Aynan o'sha paytda bir qiz menga X joyida taklif bilan chiqdi va biz ular bakalavrlar uchun ziyofatlar uyushtiradigan xususiy kvartiraga borishimiz mumkinligini aytdi, bu massaj joyiga o'xshardi, hammasi juda g'alati tuyuldi. O'sha paytda men borolmadim, vaziyat shunchalik og'ir bo'ldiki, men bo'ynimga yetib oldim va bir kuni o'zim ko'rsatgan joyda qo'ng'iroq qilayotganimni ko'rdim.[2]

O'sha paytda Kinan o'n etti yoshda edi.[3] U o'zining birinchi mijozini grotesquely semiz va talk pudrasi kabi hidini eslaydi.[4] U hanuzgacha hidni eslaydi:

massaj mavzusida, umr bo'yi sizda qoladigan g'alati hidlar mavjud. Bu juda jirkanch. Qolgan barcha narsalarning ostiga berkitishga harakat qiladigan xotiralar.[2]

Shundan so'ng, u bakalavr partiyalarida ishladi va individual mijozlar bilan uchrashishni davom ettirdi. U mijozlar to'lovlarining 40 foizini oldi, bu o'zi va singlisi uchun joy ijaraga olish uchun etarli edi.[4] U hali voyaga etmaganida, u politsiya e'tiborini tortdi va mijozlarga xizmat ko'rsatishdan ko'ra ko'proq vaqt ulardan yashirinib,[6] bu o'zi va singlisini boqish uchun topishi mumkin bo'lgan pul miqdorini kamaytirgan bo'lar edi. U aytadi

... yoshligimda politsiyadan qochishga harakat qilardim, chunki kuzatuv, jarimalarni to'lash bor edi, lekin men hali ham voyaga etmagan edim va agar politsiya meni ushlasa, bu yomonroq bo'lar edi.[2]

Ushbu davrda bir vaqtning o'zida Kinan ham otasini qo'llab-quvvatlaganga o'xshaydi. Uning aytishicha, u u bilan yashagan va undan pul so'ragan. Shuningdek, u advokat olib, singlisini undan tortib olish bilan tahdid qilgan.[3]

Ushuaia

Shu paytgacha Kinan u yoqda-bu yoqqa yurib borar edi Kruz del Eje va Kordova shahri.[4] Boshqa bir ayol unga ko'chib o'tishni tavsiya qildi Ushuaia, Argentinada Tierra del Fuego mintaqa.[7] Kinanga u dollar bilan yaxshi to'laydigan ko'plab mijozlarni olishini va u Kordovada saqlagan 40 foizidan farqli o'laroq, mijozlar to'lovlarining 50 foizini ushlab turishi mumkinligini aytdi.

U menga "Men janubda edim, sen juda yaxshi pul ishlab topasan, baliqchilar qayiqlari bor, ko'plab chet elliklar, siz dollar bilan haq olishingiz mumkin, chunki siz eng yaxshi maosh olganingiz uchun ikki baravar pul topasiz", dedi. ... ular sizga 40% berishdi, shuning uchun men Ushuaia'ga bordim, u erda ular juda ko'p pulni tortib olmadilar.[2]

Turli manbalarda uning yoshi o'n besh yoshda,[8] o'n sakkiz,[9] o'n to'qqiz[10] yoki yigirma.[5] U 1976 yil 24-iyunda tug'ilgan[1] va 1996 yilda Ushuaya shahriga borgan.[6] Xabarlarga ko'ra, u Ushuaia shahriga aprel oyida kelgan, bu uning 19 yoshini tashkil etadi, ammo yigirma tug'ilgan kunidan atigi ikki oy o'tgach.[11] Unga samolyot chiptasi yuborildi va Ushuaiyada u Sheik nomli tungi klubda ish boshladi, u erda va'da qilinganidek, mijozlar to'lovlarining 50 foizini ushlab turdi. Biroz vaqt o'tgach, u ijaraga joy oldi va singlisi uchun maktab, ingliz tili darslari, kompyuterlar, kiyim-kechak va oziq-ovqat uchun to'lab yubordi.[4]

(Turli manbalarda tungi klubning nomi "El-Shayx", "El-Shayx", "Shayx" va "Shayx" deb berilgan. Tungi klubning fotosuratlarida "Shayx" degan yozuv paydo bo'lgan, shuning uchun ushbu maqolada shu nom ishlatilgan .)

Nikoh

Kinanning sobiq eri Migel Paskalning so'zlariga ko'ra, ular Ushuayaga kelgan yili, 1996 yilda uchrashishgan. U allaqachon ish beruvchilarini o'zgartirgan va Black & White tungi klubida ishlagan.[12] U menejerlar bilan qo'shimcha vaqt o'tkazish uchun qo'shimcha pul to'lagan, ammo u unga xabar bermagan[13] va u izohlar ekan, "... men hech birini ko'rmadim".[2] Paskual etkazib beradigan kemada uch yillik xizmat safarlarida xizmat qildi Ispaniya Antarktika asoslari. U va Kinan bir-birini o'sha uch yil davomida Ushuayada kemasi to'xtaganida ko'rgan.[12] U unga hayot sherigi bo'lishini xohlashini aytdi.[13] O'sha paytda Kinan xavf ostida edi:

Rio Grandening odamlari meni qurol bilan qidirishgan edi, men u bilan birga ta'tilga chiqishni taklif qilgan mendan bir oz kattaroq bola bilan bordim, u juda talabchan edi va men haqiqatan ham bu erdan qochishim kerak edi, chunki bir lahzada qurollangan pimpen yomon vaziyatni keltirib chiqarishi kerak edi ...[2]

Boshqa intervyusida u qurollangan pimpenslarni eslamadi, ammo u shunga o'xshash umidsizlikni ko'rsatdi:

Gap shundaki, bu yigit har safar kelganida juda ko'p pul qoldirgan, doim dollar bilan to'lagan - bu 1dan 1gacha bo'lgan vaqt [argentinalik peso AQSh dollariga birma-bir bog'lab qo'yilgan edi.] Va men buni tartibda aytdim u qayerga borsam, o'sha joyni tark etish uchun. Men oshiq emas edim. Men topshirdim.[3]

Shuning uchun u uni ta'tilga olib ketdi "Barselona" u erda uning oilasi biznes yuritgan va Mercedesni haydagan, va u u bilan Ispaniyada qolib, singlisini olib kelgan.[4]

Kinan nikoh tavsifida u erining oilasiga qarashli korxonalarda ishlagan. Bir manbaning aytishicha, u uning ish haqining yarmini yig'gan,[6] boshqasi uning barcha maoshlarini yig'ib olganini aytadi.[4] Unga mashinadan foydalanishga ruxsat berilmagan va xizmatkor vazifasini bajarishi kerak edi. Singlisini boqish uchun u tuxumlarini yashirincha sotgan. (Moshinsiz eridan buni yashirish juda qiyin bo'lgan bo'lsa kerak.) Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, eri tezda zo'ravonlikka uchragan.

... Men zo'ravon yigitga duch keldim, zo'ravonlik tabiiy ravishda qabul qilingan oila. Esimda, u meni birinchi marta urganida men u bilan birga bo'lgan bir necha oy bo'lganman va birinchi bo'lib onamga aytgan edim, chunki u pultni yuzimdan sindirib tashladi va u mendan so'radi "lekin siz nima qildingiz? ? " Keyin men pechka tomon ekanligimni angladim. [Yomon ahvolga tushib qolganligidan dalolat beradigan argentinalik ibora, undan qochib qutulish mumkin emas.][2]

Sud jarayoni boshlanishidan bir necha kun oldin Paskal ularning turmushi to'g'risida juda boshqacha ta'rif berib, uni "birinchi kundanoq jahannam" deb ta'rifladi. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, aynan shu ayol unga tajovuz qilgan va u o'zini urmasdan o'zini himoya qilgan.

U meni ikki marta urishga urindi, men jang san'atining ustasiman va ikkala safar ham uni sochlaridan va orqasidan ushlab tizzalariga qo'ydim ... Ikki marta ham u meni urmoqchi bo'lganida uni immobilizatsiya qildim, lekin u meni hech qachon urmagan.[12]

Kinanning aytishicha, ikkinchi farzandi tug'ilgandan keyin bir muncha vaqt o'tgach, eri uni fohishaxonaga yuborgan.[3] Uning eri majburiy mehnat va fohishalik ayblovlarini rad etadi.

U hech qachon majburlanmagan. U Ispaniyada akam bilan transport kompaniyasida ishlagan. U men haqimda, onam uni majburan ishlashga majbur qilgani haqida yolg'on gapirdi. [To'ng'ich qizi] Buenos-Ayresda bo'lib, uning onasi Ispaniyada yomon munosabatda bo'lgan va fohishalikka majburlangan, deb aytgan va bu hech qachon bo'lmagan. U ishlagan kompaniyalarning nomlarini aytishim mumkin va mening ming guvohim bor.[12]

To'qqiz yil ichida ularning uchta farzandi bor edi. Kinanning so'zlariga ko'ra, eng kattasi sakkiz yoshga kirgan bir kecha u uy vazifasini bajarishdan bosh tortgan va otasi uni qon ketishi uchun qattiq urgan. Kinan Ispaniyani tark etish kerak deb qaror qildi va erini hammasini qaytarib olishga ishontirdi Argentina.[4] Uning eri Migel Paskalning so'zlariga ko'ra, ular ko'chib ketishgan Kordova 2008 yilda Argentinada, 2010 yilda esa ajralib chiqqan. O'sha paytda u Ispaniyaga qaytgan[14] va Kinan Ushuaia va Sheikka o'zini va bolalarini boqish uchun qaytib keldi.[4]

Kinan singari, Paskalning hikoyasining turli xil versiyalarida ba'zi tafovutlar mavjud. Bir vaqtning o'zida u Kinan bilan ajralib ketganini aytdi va u jinsiy ishiga qaytganini bilguncha qizlari uchun pul yuborishni davom ettirdi.[14] Boshqa bir akkauntda u Sheikka jinsiy aloqaga qaytish to'g'risida so'raganida telefon qilganida, u hozir bo'lganligini da'vo qilgan. Ushbu so'zlashuvda, ular jinsiy aloqaga qaytayotgani uchun ajralib ketishdi va keyinchalik u o'zini qo'llab-quvvatlagan boshqa odamga uylangani uchun pul yuborishni to'xtatdi.[12]

Fohishaxona ishi

"Black & White" tungi klubi / fohishaxonada politsiya tomonidan o'tkazilgan reyddan so'ng yangiliklar nashrlari fohishaxona faoliyati to'g'risida ma'lumot e'lon qilishdi. Ushbu ma'lumotlarning aksariyati fohishaxona faoliyatining Sheykni tavsiflovchi xabarlarda tasvirlanmagan jihatlariga tegishli. Kinan Ispaniyaga ketishdan oldin darhol Black & White kompaniyasida ishlagan. Ushbu bo'limda Kaynan duch keladigan ish sharoitlari to'g'risida to'liqroq ma'lumot berish uchun Sheik va Black & White haqida ma'lumotlardan foydalaniladi.

Alika Kinanning ikkita fohishaxonadagi tajribasi, ehtimol janubiy Konus hududidagi jinsiy aloqa xodimlari uchun odatiy bo'lgan. Ushuayadan unchalik uzoq bo'lmagan va Ushuayaning o'zida joylashgan Chilining ikkita shahridagi fohishaxonalarning tavsiflari Sheik va Black & White kompaniyalarining biznes faoliyati bilan chambarchas mos keladi.[15] Ma'lumotlar va xodimlar bir-biridan bir necha blokda joylashgan Ushuaia shahridagi oltita fohishaxona o'rtasida ozmi-ko'pmi erkin harakatlanishganga o'xshaydi.[16] Ushuaia jinsiy ishchilarining ko'pchiligi ko'chib kelganida Punta Arenas Chilida politsiya reydlari Ushuayadagi fohishaxonalarni yopib qo'ygandan so'ng,[13] bu bir martalik guruh migratsiyasi edi, lekin, ehtimol, ilgari ikki shahar o'rtasida harakatlanadigan jinsiy aloqa ishchilari tomonidan tuzilgan yo'ldan borgan. Hech bir korxona aynan shu tarzda ishlamaydi, ammo bu ikkita fohishaxona qonuniy tartibga solinadigan fohishaxonalar uchun ishonchli vakil sifatida qabul qilinishi mumkin. Patagoniya.

Menejment

Shayx

"Sheik" ning asosiy menejeri Pedro Montoyya edi, u butun faoliyati davomida fohishaxona bilan shug'ullangan. Oldingi davrda uning menejeri fohishaxona joylashgan mol-mulkka ega bo'lgan uning rafiqasi Klaudiya Quiroga edi. Quiroga boshchiligidagi joylardagi nazoratchi Korina Sanches edi.

Politsiya bosqini paytida Quiroga va Sanches endi aloqasi yo'q edi. Menejer Montoyaning qiz do'sti Ivana Klaudiya Garsiya va joyidagi nazoratchi Lyusi Alberka Kampos edi. Garsiyaning akasi Xorxe Etcheverri fohishaxonaga yollovchi sifatida ishlagan.

Sud jarayonida Kinan menejerlar ayollarni kuzatish uchun kuzatuv kameralaridan qanday foydalanganliklari haqida gapirib berdi:

Ular bizga o'zimizni qaerga joylashtirishimizni, qanday o'tirishimiz kerakligini buyurdilar, chunki Klaudiya kameralarni qaerda bo'lsang ham boshqarardi. Telefon jiringlaganda, siz kim kirayotganini kuzatayotgan Klaudiya ekanligini bilgansiz, kim turgan bo'lsa, siz tualetga ko'p borgan bo'lsangiz, ular sizning telefoningizga borishi kerak bo'lgan vaqtni ham kuzatib borishdi. hammom. Hammasi kuzatib borildi.[17]

Bir ayolni menejerlar "baliq kabi, siz boshdan boshqa hamma narsani ishlatasiz" deb ta'riflagan.[18] (Amerikadagi "butterface" iborasiga yoki avstraliyaliklarning "qisqichbaqalar" iborasiga teng.) Bu sud jarayonida menejerlarning ayollarga nisbatan nafratlanishiga misol sifatida keltirilgan.[19] Sud jarayonida politsiya guvohlaridan birining aytishicha, menejerlar ayollarni yollash uchun ularni yo'ldan ozdirib, so'ngra ularni kambag'alligi va kambag'al ta'limlari uchun kamsitgan.[20] Kinan quyidagi manzarani eslaydi:

Hatto ayol egasi, odam savdogarining qiz do'sti menga doim menga qanday ishlashni o'rgatishini aytgan, keyin u meni barga urib, "menga bering, bolam, pul olib kel, menga ber" "va barni qattiq urdi. Esimda, bir necha sakrab sakradim ...[2]

Boshqa tomondan, Kinan menejerlar ekanligini his qildi

Hech qachon ko'rmagan, hech qachon g'amxo'rlik qilmaydigan oila, ular menga g'amxo'rlik qilishdi, uy berishdi, dedim. Shu sababli qaytish to'g'risida qaror qabul qildim. Men bunga javob berdim, chunki men ishlashim kerak edi va bu odamlar menga uy berishdi, ular menga g'amxo'rlik qilishdi, chunki biron bir narsa yuz bersa, men barmog'imni kesib tashladim yoki ular men bilan birga bo'lgan shifokorga murojaat qilishim kerak edi ... ular mening ishimga e'tibor berishdi yuqtirmaganim, gripp yuqtirmaganim, kasallik yuqtirmagan. Qor yog'adigan mavsum boshlanganda ular kasal bo'lib qolmaslik uchun emlashga boring yoki biron bir narsa oling deyishdi.[2]

Kinan ta'kidlaganidek, ishchilarni sog'lom va samarali saqlash yaxshi ish edi. O'n olti yoshida, o'zini va singlisini boqish uchun tashlab qo'yilganida va o'ttiz olti yoshida, politsiya Shayxga, Ushuaia va uning fohishaxonalariga hujum qilganida, menejerlar uning oilasi ekanligi ajablanarli emas. uning sog'lig'i, uy-joyi va moddiy yordami bilan shug'ullanadigan yagona er edi.

Qora oq

Black & White kompaniyasining asosiy menejeri "Jefe" laqabli Viktor Morales edi. Uning qizi buyruq bo'yicha ikkinchi o'rinni egallaganga o'xshaydi. Boshqaruv qobiliyatiga aloqador bo'lgan boshqa odamlar orasida uning sobiq rafiqasi, hozirgi qiz do'sti va o'g'li ham bor edi.[21]

Sheik singari, Oq va Oqda xavfsizlik kameralari mavjud edi. Bitta ayol ularning huzuriga shunchalik beparvo bo'ldiki, u kelgandan ko'p o'tmay chiqib ketdi.[21]

Ishchilar

Shayx

Politsiya reydi paytida Sheikda etti ayol ishlagan, ulardan uchtasi Dominikan Respublikasidan, bittasi Paragvaydan va uchtasi Argentinadan.[22] Ularning barchasi bolalarni otalar yordamisiz qo'llab-quvvatlaydilar. Ularning aksariyati rasmiy boshlang'ich ta'limni tugatmagan va jinsiy ishlashga yaxshi alternativa bo'lmagan.[23] Ushayaya shahriga ishlash uchun ko'chib kelgan ayollardan birida faqat kiyimi bor edi.[18]

Qora oq

Black & White veb-sayti yigirma beshta ayolga va'da berdi. Politsiya tergovi davomida ish bilan band bo'lgan ayollar soni o'n ikki yoshdan yigirma yoshgacha bo'lgan. Reyd paytida u erda o'n sakkiz ayol ishlagan. Ularning aksariyati Dominikan Respublikasidan edi,[24] ammo ba'zilari Argentinaning boshqa viloyatlaridan kelgan,[21] yoki Kolumbiyadan.[25] Ularning aksariyati yigirma yoshda edi. O'ttiz sakkiz yoshga to'lgan bir ayol, Morales dastlab yoshi sababli uni yollamoqchi emasligini aytdi.[26]

Ta'riflangan ayollar orasida bittasi uyni tark etib, o'zini boqishga qiynalgan, bittasi qarzdor bo'lgan va ikkitasi jinsiy aloqada bo'lgan Rosario, Santa-Fe va Ushuaia'ya ish uchun kelgan. Ayollardan biri ruhiy kasal edi va uning holati politsiyani tergovni tugatishga va fohishaxonani reyd qilishga undadi.[21]

Qora va Oq tergov davomida prokuratura tomonidan so'roq qilingan ayollardan biri, Morales uni yollaganida, u o'n etti yoshda bo'lganligini ko'rsatdi. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, uni Ushuayaga yana ikkita voyaga etmagan qiz bilan birga olib kelgan. Ular yashaydigan uyga kelishganida, fohishaxonaning boshqa xodimlarini ham ko'rishdi, ular ham voyaga etmagan.[27] Biroq, politsiya reydi paytida, fohishaxonada ishlaydigan ayollarning barchasi qonuniy jihatdan kattalar edi.[28]

Fohishaxonalarda davlatning ishtiroki

Jinsiy aloqa xodimi birinchi marta kelganida Ushuaia, u avval politsiya bo'limiga olib boriladi, u erda viloyat politsiyasi uning barmoq izlarini oladi,[29] unga fayl oching va uning sudlanganligi yo'qligiga ishonch hosil qiling.[3] Keyin shahar hukumati uning tibbiy ko'riklarini yozib olgan tibbiy kitob tuzdi.[7] Ushuaia shahri ayollardan OIV va yuqumli kasalliklar bo'yicha testlarni o'z ichiga olgan muntazam tekshiruvlardan o'tishni talab qildi jinsiy yo'l bilan yuqadigan infektsiyalar va qindan chiqishni tahlil qilish.[23] Politsiya nazorati davrida Shayxda tekshiruvlar bo'lmagan. Ehtimol, ayollar yengil tortishgan; sud majlisidagi guvohning ta'kidlashicha, inspektorlar tekshirayotgan ayollarini masxara qilgan va kamsitgan.[30] Sheik egasi sud jarayonida guvohlik beradiki, oyiga ikki-uch marta tekshiruvlar o'tkazilgan,[19] va tijorat ruxsatnomalari tartibda ekanligini, yong'in o'chirish moslamasi borligini va o'yin-kulgilarda sanitariya yostiqlari borligini tasdiqlovchi tekshiruvlarni sanab o'tdilar.[31]

2008 yilda Argentinada odam savdosiga qarshi kurash to'g'risidagi qonun qabul qilinganidan keyin shahar mahalliy fohishaxonalarda ayollarni politsiya ro'yxatidan o'tkazish va tibbiy ko'rikdan o'tkazishni davom ettirdi (maqolaga qarang. Argentinada odam savdosi ) 2012 yilda birinchi fohishaxona reydlariga qadar. Bundan tashqari, bitta manbada shahar tekshiruvlar va ayollarning sog'lig'i haqidagi kitobni yangilash uchun ayblanganligi aytilgan,[23] bu har chorakda sodir bo'ldi.[30]

Bu tarixiy naqshga mos keladi Argentina "s Patagoniya mintaqa. Mahalliy ishbilarmonlarning kuchli ta'siriga ega bo'lgan munitsipal hukumatlar soliq bazalarini saqlab qolish uchun o'zlarining vakolatlaridan foydalanishni xohladilar va fohishaxona biznesiga haddan tashqari aralashishga qarshi edilar. Viloyat politsiyasining boshqa mablag 'manbalari bor edi va fohishaxona faoliyatini foydasiz yo'llar bilan cheklashni xohlar edi. Rio Gallegos munitsipal hukumati 1912 yilda tashkil etilgan bo'lib, 1914 yilga kelib shahar va Santa Kruz provinsiyasi politsiyasi o'rtasida fohishaxonalarni tartibga solish bo'yicha ziddiyat kelib chiqqan.[32]

Ushuaia misolida nizo shahar hokimiyati va federal adliya tizimi o'rtasida bo'lgan. Taxminan bir vaqtning o'zida politsiya Sheykga reyd o'tkazgan paytda Ushuaia shahar kengashiga qolgan tungi klublarni yopish to'g'risidagi qonunni qabul qilish kerakligi haqida maslahat berildi.[33] Kengash a'zolarining javoblaridan namuna olish:

Ammo buni izlayotgan sayyohlar bor ...

Kemalarga kelgan erkaklar bilan nima qilamiz?

Qizil zona qo'yamiz.

Kabaretkalarni yopsak, ular ko'chada qizlarimizni zo'rlashadi.

[34]

Ishga qabul qilish

Shayx

Shayxda ishlaydigan ayollarning hech biri Ushuaiyadan emas edi. Ba'zilari Argentinaning boshqa joylaridan, boshqalari esa boshqa mamlakatlardan kelgan.[19] Ushuayadagi politsiya reydlarida olingan ayollar orasida Dominikan Respublikasi va Kolumbiyadan kelgan ayollar bor edi.[5] Bir ayol Sheikda ishlashga rozi bo'lganida, tungi klub unga aviachiptani yuborgan va uni mijozlardan olgan pulining ulushidan qaytargan.[23]

Egasi Pedro Montoyaning so'zlariga ko'ra, barcha ayollar Ushuaia yoki boshqa joylarda bo'lgan boshqa fohishaxonalardan kelgan.[35] Kinan o'zi Ushuaiyadagi ikkita fohishaxonada ishlagan. Montoyaning so'zlariga ko'ra, unga Shaykda ishlashni so'ragan ayollar qo'ng'iroq qilishgan.[35] Montoya va uning qiz do'sti va biznes sherigi Ivana Klaudiya Garsiya ishga yollanish uchun mas'ul bo'lgan, ammo Garsiya kadrlarni aksariyat qismini tungi klubda yollash bilan shug'ullanadigan akasining yordami bilan amalga oshirganga o'xshaydi.[17]

Qora oq

Ayollar turli viloyatlardan, shu jumladan, yollangan Santyago del Estero, Kordova, Santa Fe va Buenos-Ayres, shuningdek, mamlakat tashqarisidan. 2009-2012 yillarda Viktor Morales 100 dan ortiq e'lonlarni e'lon qildi Buenos-Ayres gazetalar.[21] Klarin gazetasida e'lon qilingan reklamalardan ikkitasi ofitsiantlarga oyiga 20000 peso, raqqosalarga oyiga 10 000 peso taklif qildi. Ikkalasi Ushuayaga sayohat xarajatlari, turar joy va boshqa joyga ko'chish xarajatlarini taklif qilishdi.[36] Ushbu e'lonlarga yollangan ayollar Ushuaya shahriga etib kelganlaridan so'ng, ular sayohat xarajatlarini to'lashlari kerak edi. Morales o'zini reklama orqali yollagan jinsiy aloqa ishchisiga nisbatan rostgo'yroq munosabatda bo'lgan va ular bilan birinchi aloqa paytida unga mijozlar bilan bo'lgan seanslaridagi pulni qaytarishini aytgan.[27] Politsiyaning simli kranlarini transkriptlarini ko'rgan manbalardan biri buni shunday dedi:

Ishga muhtoj bo'lgan odamning soddaligi darajasiga ko'ra [Morales] ozmi-ko'pmi ma'lumotlarni oshkor qildi.[21]

Ushbu yondashuv ko'proq ayollarni Ushuayaga sayohat qilishga ishontirishga yordam bergan bo'lsa-da, demak, ba'zilari etib kelishi bilanoq chiqib ketishgan.

Politsiya telefonlari quyidagi suhbatni yozib olishdi:

Nensi: Shubhasiz va bu ishmi? Viktor: Siz o'zingizning jamoatchilik bilan aralashgan ishingiz, agar xohlamasangiz, o'zingizni fohishalik qilishga majburlamaysiz, aynan shu narsani tanlaysiz, qachon va qanday qilib, ha? Va narx, hech bo'lmaganda, men u erdan siz ko'proq yoki teng, lekin kamida uch yuz peso, o'n besh daqiqa, to'rt yuz yarim soat va soatiga besh yuz, keyin esa qismni to'lashingiz mumkin bo'lgan narxni qo'ydim. , Aytaylik, u menga yopiladi, menga xizmat qiladi, boshqalari deylik - buning natijasi, agar xohlasangiz, qilasiz, xohlamasangiz ham qilmaysiz, ana shu xizmatlar ha, lekin ichimliklar narxi yuz ...[21]

Morales unga shahar ham, viloyat hukumati ham fohisha degan yorliq qo'yishini, viloyat politsiyasi unga barmoq izi qo'yishini, sudlanganligini tekshirishini va unga ish ochishini yoki shahar vaqti-vaqti bilan uning jinsiy a'zolarini tekshirishini, uni sinovdan o'tkazishini aytmagan. jinsiy yo'l bilan yuqadigan yuqumli kasalliklar uchun va natijalar qaydini olib boring.

Professional raqqosa sifatida ishlagan ayollar Moralesning raqqosalar uchun e'lonlaridan biriga javob berishdi. Morales yuqoridagi stenogrammada "Nensi" ga ichimliklar sotish haqida tushuntirish bergan bo'lsa, raqqosa bu haqda tungi klubdagi birinchi kechasigacha bilmagan. Bundan tashqari, u o'zini mijozlar bilan jinsiy aloqada bo'lish imkoniyatini yaratishi kerakligini bilganida edi. U fohishaxonada ishlashga e'tiroz bildirganida, ayol menejerlardan biri uni tarsaki bilan urdi va javob qaytargani uchun to'rt yuz peso jarimaga tortdi. Uning aytishicha, bir kecha u vannaxonaga yashiringan va menejerlar uni kaltaklab, barga qaytarishgan.[26]

Aksincha, fohishaxonada o'n sakkiz ayoldan o'n biri, politsiya reyd o'tkazganida, tergovchilarga ular o'zlarining xohishlari bilan borligini aytishgan. Ular o'zlarini aldashganini yoki ekspluatatsiya qilinayotganini sezishmadi.[37]

Ikki yil davomida Ushuaia shahri Qora va Oqga etmishta sog'liqni saqlash kitoblarini nashr etdi.[21] Har bir sog'liqni saqlash kitobi yangi xodimni ifodalaganligi sababli, tungi klub har oyda uchta yangi xodimni jalb qilmoqda. Tungi klubda shu ikki yil davomida o'rtacha o'n sakkizta ayol ishlagan deb taxmin qilsak, o'rtacha ish vaqti olti oyni tashkil etadi. Tungi klub ayolni yollaganidan so'ng, olti oydan so'ng uning o'rnini egallashi kerak bo'ladi.

E'lonlardan tashqari, ayollar norasmiy tarmoqlar orqali jalb qilingan. Bir ayol do'sti orqali Morales bilan bog'landi. Boshqasi taniqli barda (chiziqli qo'shma qism) Madaho's-da aloqalar orqali yollangan[38]) ichida Recoleta Buenos-Ayresning mahallasi.[21]

Turmush sharoitlari

Shayx

Sud jarayonida advokatlar shikoyat qiluvchi tungi klubning asosiy zalidan tashqarida joylashgan xonalarda yashovchi ayollarni tasvirlab berdi,[19] ular kichkina, iflos, yomon hid va kalamushlar tashrif buyurgan deb ta'rifladilar. Kinan ularning kvartallarini a zulo (tor, qashshoq yashash maydoni) issiq suv yo'q, 2 kishi bitta xonada bo'lishadi.[39] Xonalarda barda faollashtirilgan qo'ng'iroq bor edi, u ayolga tungi klubga mijoz kirgani to'g'risida signal berish uchun chalingan.[23] Har bir xonada tungi klubning asosiy kirish qismidan alohida o'z kirish joyi bor edi va ayollarning har biri o'z kalitiga ega edi.[19]

Black & White-ga qarshi reyddan oldin ayollar o'z xonalarida mijozlariga xizmat ko'rsatdilar. Sud majlisidagi guvohliklarda ularni matrasidagi qon va urug 'izlarini olib tashlash uchun sayqallash vositasi yordamida tasvirlangan.[30] Hamkasbi bilan bir xonada bo'lishdan tashqari, har bir ayol o'z xonasiga bir kecha-kunduzda o'rtacha ikki-uch marta mijozlarni olib kirardi. (Pul bo'limiga qarang.) Bir xonada ikkita ayol bo'lsa, bu xonaga bir kecha uchun kamida to'rt marta tashrif buyurish kerak bo'ladi. Ko'p maxfiylik bo'lmaydi.

2006 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan taxtadagi yozuvda shayxning to'rtta yotoq xonasi borligi aytilgan, bu boshqa guvohliklarga mos keladi. Biroq, postda shayxning o'sha paytda u erda o'n sakkizta ayol ishlaganligi aytilgan.[40] Agar ularning barchasi fohishaxonada yashagan bo'lsa, bu har ikki xonada to'rttadan ayol va qolgan ikkitasida beshta ayol bo'lib, har kuni har bir xonaga mijozlar tashrif buyurishlari kerak edi. Hatto ba'zi bir ayollar o'zlarining mijozlariga sayt tashqarisida yashab, xizmat ko'rsatayotgan bo'lsalar ham, ular juda olomon edi.

Qora oq

Sheykdan farqli o'laroq, Black & White kompaniyasining ayollari tashqarida yashaydilar. Ular hamkasblari bilan bitta uyni bo'lishdi va oyiga 300 peso ijara haqini to'lashdi.[29] Bir xonali ijaraga olish Ushuaia oyiga 15000 pesogacha ko'tarilishi mumkin,[34] shuning uchun Black & White kompaniyasining ijara haqi umumiy yashash maydoni uchun asossiz emas edi. Tungi klubda ayollar va ularning mijozlari mashg'ulot o'tkazadigan ikkita xona bor edi,[29] shuning uchun ayollar o'zlarining yashash joylariga mijozlarni jalb qilmaydilar.

Shayxdagi ayollarning yashash joylari kaliti bo'lganida, bitta guvohga ko'ra, Black & White kompaniyasining xodimlari yashaydigan uydan chiqish taqiqlangan. Uning aytishicha, uyda yashagan uchta erkak bor edi, ularni uy bilan tungi klub o'rtasida tashiydi. U atrofdagi uydoshlari bo'lmagan qarindoshlari bilan telefon orqali suhbatlashish uchun uydan ko'chaga chiqmoqchi bo'lganida, erkaklar uning ketishiga to'sqinlik qilishdi.[27]

Aksincha, Kinan Ushuaia shahrida yashagan dastlabki uch yil ichida bir necha oy davomida Black & White kompaniyasida ishlagan. Bu davrda u singlisi uchun yashash uchun joy ijaraga olgan, bu uning shahar atrofida sayohat qilish va biznes bilan shug'ullanish erkinligini anglatadi.[6] Fohishaxonada ishlashga aldanib qolishlariga qarshilik ko'rsatgan raqqosa ba'zida uydan o'zi chiqib ketib, Internetga ulangan kompyuterdan foydalanishga ruxsat berildi.[26]

Ayollardan biri ruhiy kasal edi va prokuratura uni qamoqda deb aytdi. Prokuratura bayonotlaridan, fohishaxona uni beixtiyor yollaganligini va undan qanday qutulish kerakligini o'ylab topganida yoki unga qanday qilib g'amxo'rlik qilishni bilmaganligini yoki uning kasalligidan qandaydir tarzda foydalanganligini aniqlash mumkin emas.[37]

Mijozlar bilan o'zaro aloqalar

Shayx

Shahar janubga etarlicha uzoqdir, chunki yoz davomida kuniga yigirma to'rt soat kunduzgi yorug'lik bo'ladi. Bino soat 20: 00da ochildi.[41] Sud majlisidagi politsiya ko'rsatmalarida tungi klubga yashash joylaridan kelgan ayollar tasvirlangan.[18] Ayollar soat 23: 00dan 6: 00gacha navbatchilikda bo'lishlari shart edi va har hafta bir kun dam olishdi.[19] (Bir intervyusida Kinan ish smenasi soat 23:30 da boshlanganini aytdi.[2]) Ammo, Kinan smenalar ertalab soat 8 ga yoki hatto 14:00 gacha cho'zilishi mumkinligiga guvohlik berdi.[17] Bar yaqinida ichimliklar va ayollar narxlari ko'rsatilgan ro'yxat mavjud edi. Ayollar 15 daqiqa, 30 daqiqa va 1 soat davomida mavjud edilar.[19] Politsiya guvohlarining aytishicha, tungi klubga erkaklar yarim tunda kela boshlagan, ayollar esa erkaklar bilan yolg'iz qaytib kelishgan.[18] Mijoz tungi klubdan bir ayol bilan chiqib ketganda, tungi klubga ayol qancha vaqt ketishiga qarab stakan yoki yarim stakan narxini to'lashi kerak edi. (Tungi klub ichimlik uchun 20 peso to'lagan va mijozlardan 150 pesoni olgan, uni egasi o'zi "mijozlarni aldagan" deb ta'riflagan.)[19]

Ayollar Ushuayaga birinchi marta kelganlarida, tungi klub ularga ish paytida ishlatadigan ismlarni berganga o'xshaydi. Kinanga "Karla" nomi berilgan.[41] Ayollar ish paytida kalta shim yoki ko'ylak kiyib, tepalari bilan, bo'rttirilgan baland poshnali sochlar bilan ehtiyotkorlik bilan o'ralgan. Kiyimlar yorqin rangda edi. Politsiya xodimlari kiyimni kambag'al va odatdagidek pabda kiyinadigan kiyim sifatida ta'rifladilar.[18] (Bu mubolag'a bo'lishi mumkin qora va oq klubda olingan fotosuratda ikkita jinsiy aloqa ishchilari Ushuaia-da barda joylashgan ikkita ayolga o'xshaydi.)

Ayollarga ikki kun ketma-ket bir xil kiyimda yurish taqiqlangan va chet eldan olib kelingan atir hidi kerak edi. Uy egasi Montoyaning so'zlariga ko'ra, ular "yaxshi fohishalar" bo'lishi kerak edi.[30]

Black & White tungi klubi politsiya Sheikdagi reydidan taxminan olti oy oldin tintuv qilingan. Black & White kompaniyasida o'tkazilgan reyddan oldin Sheik ayollari o'zlari yashaydigan xonalarda mijozlariga xizmat ko'rsatgan. Black & White kompaniyasida o'tkazilgan reyddan so'ng ayollar va ularning mijozlari Shaykdan chiqib ketishdi yoki mijozning uyiga yoki mehmonxona xonasiga borishdi.[23]

Hayz ko'rgan ayollarni mijozni ifloslanishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun shimgich bilan oqimni to'xtatib turish kerak edi.[23]

Kinan o'z mijozlarini quyidagicha ta'rifladi

siyosatchilar, munitsipal amaldorlar, hukumat amaldorlari, hattoki komissar ham kelib meni qabul qilishardi. Shuningdek, baliq ov qiluvchi kemalar va chet ellik sayyohlar. Va chang'i uchishga ketayotganlar ayollarni mehmonxonalarda qoldirib ketishdi.[17]

Bosqinlarga qadar, quecos, yoki fohishaxonalar bo'ylab sayohatlar, qabul qilingan erkaklar uchun o'yin-kulgi edi.[34][40]

Mijozni rad etgani, mijozning shikoyati uchun yoki mijoz bilan "juda kechiktirgani" uchun ayollar jarimaga tortilishi mumkin (ya'ni belgilangan vaqtdan o'tib ketgan).[30] Bolalarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan kambag'al yolg'iz ayollar uchun jarimalar majburiy edi. Agar ayol yomon obro'ga ega mijozni qabul qilib, jarimadan qochishga urinib ko'rgan bo'lsa va haqoratli sessiya paytida noroziligini ko'rsatgan bo'lsa, agar mijoz shikoyat qilsa va u jarimaga tortilsa, u kam daromad olishi mumkin. Ayollarning mijozlar xatti-harakatlarini boshqarish yoki muzokara olib borish qobiliyati ancha pasaygan. Hatto "ortiqcha kechiktirish" uchun jarima ham uni mijozning rahm-shafqatiga bag'ishladi. Kinan natijani quyidagicha tavsiflaydi:

... siz o'zingizni aqldan ozgan bola bilan, patriarxatning sog'lom o'g'li bilan, eshagingizni sindirib tashlaydigan, qinini osib qo'yadigan, tajovuzkor jinsiy harakatni ko'rsatadigan barcha narsalar bilan topasiz ... Ular prezervativni olib tashlashganida, men ularni tuta olmadim. , ular meni to'rt oyoqqa qo'yib, sindirishardi. Fohishaxonada huquqqa ega ayollar yo'q.[42]

Tungi klub ayollar xonalariga qo'ng'iroqlarni o'rnatgan, agar ular yordamga muhtoj bo'lsa, masalan, mijoz zo'ravonlik qilsa. Biroq, Kinan guvohlik berishicha, ko'pincha hech kim kelmaydi, menejer mijozlar bilan bandligini bahona qiladi.[17] Bundan tashqari, ayollar mijozlarni tungi klubning ortiqcha narxdagi ichimliklarini sotib olishga undashlari kutilgan edi. Doimiy ravishda spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilish ayollarning o'zini tutmaydigan mijozlar bilan ishlash qobiliyatini yanada pasaytirdi. Kinan majburiy jarimalar, haddan tashqari alkogol ichimliklar va menejmentning beparvoligining birgalikda ta'sirini ko'rsatadigan quyidagi voqeani aytib beradi:

Bir kuni men sigareta chekayotgan edim va men juda dahshatli, tanazzulga uchragan keksa odam bilan ketayotgan 18 yoshli Korrentinaning qizlaridan birini ko'raman. Keyin menejerga aytamanki, u juda oz bo'lganligi sababli uni bu degenerat bilan birga qo'yib yubormang. Va u: "Xo'sh, yaxshi, siz ishlaysiz", deydi. Men "bechora qiz" deyman, lekin sigaretimni tugatdim va ketdim, lekin keyin u "Fresita" shampanini so'rashni boshlaganini va bir yarim soat ichida ettitasini ichganini, mast bo'lganini, dahshatli holatni ko'rganimni ko'raman. I am very motherly, I always tried to take care of my companions, then I see that he is going to ask for the keys of the room where they had sex, and I tell the manager not to give them to him. But he leaves and I continue with what I was doing, I am preoccupied with my own work and I forget, it wasn't my job to monitor her, nor to take care of her, I had to take care of myself, for that there were the managers and so on. Then it was like five o'clock in the morning and the little girl appeared crying, she was still very drunk, and she says "he took me without a condom", and she tells me that she had fallen asleep from her drunkenness and he had raped her, I didn't know if there were one, five, or how many they had put into the room, and the manager only told her to take a bath in order to go to the hospital to ask for the pill the day after. And nobody saw anything, nobody heard anything, everything was covered because he was a customer and customers had to be taken care of.[2]

In at least one instance, the managers punished a women who used a bottle to defend herself against four clients who wanted to rape her. The information source doesn't say what the punishment was, only that it lasted a month. Her offense was failing to serve the clients well.[43]

On the subject of condoms, if a client was too forceful during penetration and tore one, the women got a syringe full of vinegar in the vagina.[39]

In regard to her experience with violent clients, Kinan says:

I have fought, my whole mouth is broken, because I fought to survive, with guys, with girls, guys might have paid me for a hotel and then they wanted to get me the same money they had given me because I do not know they did not like me, or they took too long and I had to go because I had to respond to a house, before the traffickers. [She had to return to the brothel.] Then they told me that they did not pay me anything or that I stayed until they told me. You have to endure rapes, consented or not, it is still a rape, if you are about to [be killed] you have to consent to a rape.[2]

Qora oq

The brothel operated from midnight to 6 am. According to an employee, the nightclub had the same clients found at Sheik: "... policemen, high-ranking officials, gendarmes and municipal personnel."[21] The fines were similar to the fines imposed at Sheik, and a client complaint or a session that went over its allotted time could cost a woman over half of her share of the earnings from the session.[29]

Spirtli ichimliklar va giyohvand moddalar

Alcohol and drugs were good options to be able to make this situation more bearable.[3]... we were forced to consume alcohol, we had to drink a lot, we used drugs to resist the long nights.[8]

Aside from numbing effects of alcohol, the women were being paid to sell and consume drinks. The drinks the women persuaded the men to buy were an important source of income for both the women and the brothel. When a woman approached a potential client, she would tell him to buy her a drink.[18] If a women averaged two to three sessions per night (see Money section), that suggests that a woman's clients bought her at least two drinks on the average night. Since she was getting a share of the earnings from the drinks, it was in her interest, financially if not in terms of health, to persuade clients to buy her more. According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, drinking more than three drinks per night or seven drinks per week is high-risk drinking for a woman.[44]

Brothels didn't sell drugs as part of their business, but they were present. They show up in Kinan's interviews as part of the environment she worked in. If a client paid for an hour with a woman and wanted her to do a line of coke with him, the ever-present threat of fines and the pressure to keep the client happy would have made it hard to refuse. Stimulants would also counter the effects of alcohol and help the woman stay alert enough to continue working into the morning.[8]

Pul

Shayx

Police officers who entered Sheik undercover said that women would approach the clients and tell them to buy them a drink, which was paid for at the bar.[18] When the women and their clients conducted their sessions at a hotel, payment for the room was made at the bar.[23] However, the women seem to have collected the payment for their services directly from the clients and paid the nightclub's share to the manager.[19] As mentioned in the Ushuaia section above, the women turned half of the money over to the nightclub.

The nightclub kept all the money for the first five drinks a woman persuaded customers to buy in one night, and then split the proceeds with the woman for all successive drinks. Kinan said that an average night for one woman was eighteen drinks and eight sessions with clients.[17] (The Black & White section below gives an estimate of two to three clients per night.) Given the high price of the drinks, the women's share of the proceeds from their sale was probably an important source of income for them.

Reportedly, they were forced to buy clothes, shoes, jewelry, perfumes and condoms from the nightclub. Women were fined for taking too long to come when the bell was rung, for not cleaning, for taking longer than the client paid for, for taking a day off, for refusing to have sex with a client, and for a number of other offences.[23][30]

Kinan described how the managers maintained the libro de pases. In the brothel trade, a pase is a session in which a prostitute provides sexual services to a client. A libro de pases is basically a log of the brothel's business activities.[17]

Qora oq

The recruitment pitch quoted above gives minimum prices for sessions of between 300 and 500 pesos, depending on the time involved. Actual prices were between 600 and 800 pesos. The women kept 60% to 70% of the fee. Black & White had the same system of fines as Sheik, with fines for being late, not cleaning, and going over the time the client had paid for, and so on. Most fines were around 300 pesos. The women were charged 400 pesos for each of the city's health inspections.[29] The brothel transported women to Ushuaia by buying their airline tickets, and the women paid the brothel back from their earnings.

According to the testimony of the managers, each woman generated 900 pesos a night in earnings for the brothel.[21] Since the brothel was keeping 30% to 40% of the client fees, and the women were charging between 600 and 800 pesos, and the brothel was earning money from the drinks the women sold, then the women were probably averaging two to three men per night, less than half of Kinan's estimate. That would have made traffic through the two brothel bedrooms a lot more manageable.

When the nightclub was raided, none of the women had more than fifteen pesos with them. Their earnings were held by the Morales family, "for safety."[21] If they didn't have access to a bank, the house where they lived and where they had no control over who their house mates were was probably not a secure place to keep large sums of cash. Banking with the Morales family was probably more secure than cash under the mattress.

Credit and debt bondage

Claudia Quiroga, who managed Sheik at an earlier time, paid for the airline tickets that brought the women to Ushuaia, bought clothes, paid for lodging, and the women paid her back from their earnings. Kinan described this as credit extended from Quiroga personally,[17] and the owner testified at his trial that the manager at the time of the police raid paid for the women's airplane tickets out of her salary.[35] Presumably, the women would have repaid the manager and not the nightclub. This seems to show the managers personally making loans to the sex workers. On the other hand, the managers who made loans were part owners, and there may have been no clear line between their money and the nightclub's money.

At least some of the women who worked at Sheik arrived in such a state of poverty that the nightclub or its managers had to extend credit for the airplane fare, clothes for the women to wear while working, and housing. The employees would not have been able to work at Sheik and the nightclub would not have been able to recruit and keep employees without making loans to them.

Kinan has said "Every time we said we wanted to leave, we were told that we could not because we had debts,"[17] which suggests that employees were bound to the nightclub by qarzga bog'liqlik. Furthermore, the nightclub held the women's documentation,[2] which may have made it difficult to travel or leave the nightclub. However, Kinan was working at the Black & White in 1996, which means she changed employer just a few months after she started working at Sheik.[12] Without an accounting of the women's debts and a record of their movement between employers and into and out of the city, it's impossible to know how bound to their employers the women were.

Qarz majburiyati usually involves high interest rates, which sometimes cause the debt to grow faster than it can be paid off. However, none of the available information on loans made to Sheik's employees mentions interest. That, plus the personal nature of the loans, suggests that the nightclub wasn't making money off the loans. On the other hand, it's entirely possible that managers tried to stop women from leaving before they had repaid loans owed to the managers personally.

The many and intrusive fines could have been a cause of debt bondage. If the fines were levied often enough they could have caused the women's debts to grow faster than they could pay them off. But again, the women seemed to move between brothels on their own initiative. The fines seemed to be more effective as a means of control while the women were employed than as a means of keeping them from leaving employment.

When Kinan first arrived in Ushuaia, the city was at the end of a manufacturing boom. Factory wages in Ushuaia were twice as high as they were in Buenos-Ayres. Baumol's cost disease indicates that service wages, including sex work wages, would also be doubled. But the cost of living was three times as high, meaning that both factory and service workers were earning less in real terms.[45] During both periods that Kinan was working in Ushuaia as a sex worker, the cost of living was higher than more northern parts of Argentina. Anyone moving there for higher wages would discover that they were having trouble retaining the extra money they were earning. When the women at Sheik complained about not being able to hold on to a single peso, their complaints may have been due as much to the cost of living as to the fines and costs the brothel was imposing on them.

Bolalar

I arranged for my daughters to be cared for away from me, so that they would not see the mother they had.[After the raid] all I wanted was to be with my daughters[3]

Aside from feelings of shame, it simply would not have been possible to raise children in the brothel. The shared living spaces, the presence of clients and the sexual services provided in the living spaces, the working hours that extended to 6 am or later, and the sale of alcohol all ruled out the presence of children.

All of the women were mothers and all of them were living apart from their children. When Kinan's life was turned upside down by the police raid, her first impulse was to return to her children. A full understanding the situation of Kinan and her coworkers would require an accounting of child care costs, knowing who provided child care and on what terms, and the complex of contradictory feelings they had toward their job and their children. That information isn't available.

Leaving employment

Shayx

As mentioned in the Recruitment section, sex workers in Ushuaia were recruited from all over Latin America, and Sheik itself had at least one recruiter. None of the available sources talk about leaving employment, but the presence of a recruiter shows that recruitment required more effort than the managers could devote to it on their own. Sheik employed only seven women and wasn't expanding its workforce, which indicates that women were leaving as fast as they were being recruited. As the city of the world closest to Antarctica, Ushuaia is isolated, has a harsh climate, and a small population. It doesn't attract a lot of people, making it necessary for the brothels to recruit from many countries to replace women leaving the city.

According to Kinan, women who behaved badly passed to other businesses where working conditions were worse.[41] The owner of Sheik testified during the trial that he had had problems with Kinan and another woman and had intended to fire them.[35] However, he never did, which suggests that he would have had trouble replacing them.

As mentioned above, Kinan changed employers once and left the brothel to move to Ispaniya. The owner of Sheik reported hiring from other brothels and getting phone calls from women who wanted to work for him. If the constant debts and the withholding of documentation were intended to bind the workers to their employers, the measures weren't entirely successful.

Qora oq

If, as indicated in the Recruitment section above, Black & White was recruiting three new employees every month, then it was also losing three employees every month. Women were leaving six months after they were hired. Victor Morales' less-than-honest recruitment pitch resulted in some women leaving as soon as they arrived. The woman who was unnerved by the security cameras simply lifted the chain and walked out the door.[21]

One might imagine that the women who stayed would be the ones who had previous experience with sex work and were used to the work, but that's not necessarily the case. The two sex workers recruited from Rosario left at the first opportunity.[21]

One of the women taken into custody during the raid was about to be transferred to another province because "she was a problem for the owner," according to one of her coworkers.[46] Another woman was told that she was going to be sent to Spain.[26] There's no mention of anyone actually being sent to another location, so these may have been empty threats made in an attempt to control someone's behavior.

While employed, the women didn't have possession of their earnings, which were held by the Morales family.[21] This gave the managers an obvious way of collecting debts, provided the debt wasn't larger than the money the family held. In theory, the managers could have tried to prevent women from leaving the brothel by threatening to withhold their earnings, but none of the women appear to have complained about this happening. The fact that the cycle of recruitment and exit was so routine suggests that their exits were usually mutually agreed upon and the women left with their money.

The brothel held the identification documents of its employees. Almost all of them were at the bar in the nightclub, although a few were held in the owner's home.[21] Getting a certificate of loss of documentation from the police is a matter of routine. The government of Argentina currently promises to provide replacement DNI cards within fifteen days of receiving an application. Kunlarida libreta it reportedly could be done in a week to six weeks if there were no problems. Someone leaving the brothel and leaving their ID booklet behind could probably get a replacement.

The underage immigrant sex worker mentioned earlier that Morales recruited to work at the brothel doesn't seem to have been bound to the brothel when the managers held her documentation. When Morales recruited her, she was a seventeen year old immigrant from Paraguay who had been doing sex work prior to meeting him. She worked for him for two and a half years before leaving and making her way back to Buenos Aires. Several months after returning to Buenos Aires and just shortly before the police raid on Black & White, Morales showed up on her doorstep asking her to come back to the brothel.[27] She was clearly an employee that Morales wanted to keep, but either he returned her documentation when she wanted to leave, or lack of documentation didn't stop her from leaving and traveling across the country. If she returned to Buenos Aires without documentation, she either had it replaced or managed without it.

At both Sheik and Black & White, fines, debt, and confiscating ID documentation may have helped managers control employee behavior, but they don't seem to have been particularly effective in preventing women from leaving. The ones that stayed the longest seemed to be the ones that had the worst job prospects. Alika Kinan and the Paraguayan immigrant both started sex work at seventeen because they couldn't support themselves any other way. Both came to Ushuaia in search of better paid sex work. Both left after working in the brothels for roughly three years. Kinan returned after eleven years of marriage left her with three children and no better job prospects. Length of employment seems to have had more to do with poverty and lack of alternative jobs than anything else.

O'z-o'zini tasvirlash

Immediately after the police raid at Sheik, all of the women denied being victims of trafficking and stated that they were sex workers who had been hired to do sex work.[33] Two of them, Alika Kinan and another woman who has not been publicly identified, changed their minds and testified as victims during the trial, which occurred four years after the raid.

Kinan described herself and her coworkers at the time of the police raid:

We felt like criminals.[17]When the rescue occurs I deny that I am a victim of trafficking, I said that I was not a victim and that I wanted to leave. I had just been taken from where I was and was my only source of income. At that time I had four daughters and I wanted to run and look for them and I felt guilty, I felt that I had committed a crime ...[2]

On her work:

The concept I had was that the bitch is the one who goes to bed with someone and does not charge, so I'm a prostitute because I lie down and I charge, inside everything I was proud of that.I always considered myself a fighter, who did whatever it took to support her family or my sister at that time or my daughters afterwards.[2]

Her rejection of victimization at the time of the raid:

How I was going to be victim, with the lioness and fighter that I was![3]

On the brothels:

the cabarets and the mo'ylovlar burn your hands [Working at the brothels was like pressing your hands against something hot enough to burn them.][7]But I never wanted to be there. You do not choose it, you don't say "I want to do this the rest of my days."[17]

On the health inspections:

We were thought of as food undergoing a food safety inspection.[39]

The effect of spending five hours in court describing life in the brothel:

When I testified, I realized that my life was shit.[39]

Jabrlanuvchi

In October 2012 Argentinian authorities raided Sheik.[4] Kinan and six other people retained were determined by the prosecuting authorities to be trafficking victims.[13] This made her angry, but she gradually came to agree. She says that the thing that led her to change her mind was a question from the prosecutor's secretary:

If you analyze your history, that of your mother, that of your grandmother, that of your aunts, what do you think Is it going to be the destiny of your daughters?[3]

This was followed by what she describes as a long, agonizing process of self-reflection.

The first year is terrible, it is a process of denial, you can not believe everything that is happening to you, you are trying to reconcile at a family level, a series of things, and it is not easy.[2]

The city of Ushuaia supplied her with housing for one month and twenty days.[7] The house had been declared uninhabitable by the Ministry of Social Development several months previously.[47] At one point Kinan says her family almost died from fumes from a faulty water heater. The authorities response was to shut off the gas, leaving them without heating.[3] (Mean temperature in Ushuaia in the warmest month of the year is below 50 °F.) When the city tried to evict her at the end of the term,[2] she turned to the María de los Angeles Foundation (founded by the mother of Marita Verón ) for help, and the foundation's lawyers informed her that she was entitled to decent housing, work, subsidies, and to be reinserted into society.[7] Kinan said:

I go back to the prosecution and I tell them that I was pressured to recognize myself as a victim and that now nobody wanted to represent me, that I had no psychologist and was in a house without heating. They destroyed me, made me recognize something that I never wanted to recognize, and when I recognize it, it turns out that I do not have the rights.[3]

Through the intervention of governor Fabiana Ríos, Kinan was granted a plot of land by the city of Ushuaia and a subsidy of 250,000 pesos to build a house. She signed a contract for 259,224 pesos for the house construction, but the contractor was apparently unable to carry out the contract. As the Court of Accounts was setting a deadline and threatening to sue for return of the subsidy, the State Attorney filed a case for eviction, to remove Kinan and her family from the temporary housing she was living in until the new house was built.[48] Her lawyer claimed that the necessary documents had been filed a month previously. He pointed out that it's not possible to build a house in Ushuaia for 250,000 pesos, and the prefab housing company Kinan signed a contract with couldn't meet the city's documentation requirements. In the end, he was able to stave off the eviction, but Kinan's temporary house continued to be unheated.[49]

Kinan became a shikoyat qiluvchi in the criminal case against her managers, and simultaneously filed a civil suit against her ex-managers and the municipality of Ushuaia.[4] The legal theory behind the civil suit seems to have been the following: The city conducted regular medical exams on each sex worker in the city's brothels and recorded the results in a book the city maintained for each sex worker. In doing this with each of the city's prostitutes, the city regularized prostitution and became legally complicit in any trafficking that occurred. When her ex-managers were convicted of trafficking in the criminal case, the city became liable for the harm Kinan suffered as a prostitute under the city's jurisdiction.[7][13][41]

A social worker writing the initial report on Kinan concluded that she had not been a victim because she had not been submissive. When Kinan came to view herself as a victim, she made a claim to the authorities for her rights as a victim of odam savdosi, but was not recognized. She appealed to the courts, which refused her because the judge held that she had consented. At the next level of appeal, the apellyatsiya sudi found that there was a possibility that she had been a odam savdosi victim, but since she had not declared herself a victim when her employer was raided, she could not do so now.[7] None of the available sources describe how this was resolved, but eventually she was recognized as a victim.

Leadup to trial

On November 19, 2011, a woman from Tucumán province yilda Argentina filed a complaint, claiming that she had been exploited in a brothel called Sheik in Ushuaia. She claimed that she lived there with other women, between the ages of twenty one and twenty eight, who were natives of Argentine, the Dominican Republic, and Colombia. On April 12, 2012, the head of Prosecutor's Office for Trafficking and Exploitation of Persons filed a formal complaint in the Federal Court of Ushuaia against the brothel.[50] After an investigation, the National Gendarmerie raided the nightclub on October 8, 2012.[22]

The lead up to the trial involved the usual legal maneuvering. Originally there were six defendants, but three were dismissed by the investigating judge. The first of these was Claudia Quiroga, Pedro Montoya's ex-wife, who owned the property where Sheik was located and had been Montoya's business partner. The second was Corina Sánchez, who had been the on-site supervisor. These two were no longer involved with the brothel at the time of the raid. The third person dismissed from the trial was Jorge Etcheverry, recruiter and brother of Ivana García, Montoya's girlfriend and business partner when the raid occurred.[17]

Kinan's lawyer objected to the dismissals. The investigating judge had postponed Kinan's testimony repeatedly, and eventually dismissed the three without evidence from Kinan. Her lawyer insisted that Kinan could "provide evidence, new data, more information regarding these accused and what their responsibility is."[17] She appealed the dismissals, but they were sustained and the trial headed for the court date with only three defendants.

A week before the trial began, Kinan's sister and ex-husband began criticizing her publicly. The sister, Maria Fernanda, who still lives in Europe, sent Kinan's ex-husband a video[6] of a sexual scene in which the female was purportedly one of Kinan's daughters. It was later proved that the video did not involve her daughter.[51] Kinan's sister claimed that she had received it from someone in Ushuaia. Maria Fernanda said there was no truth in her sister's claims and she was concerned for her nieces. Kinan's ex-husband released the video to a journalist and claimed that his daughters were at risk. He was living in Scotland and said he couldn't afford to travel to Ushuaia, but offered to testify against his ex-wive via videoconference.[6]

She also began getting threats.[13] On a street in downtown Ushuaia, a group of people shouted ""Be careful what you are going to say at the trial." She received threats and insults on her cell phone and through her Facebook account. The trial prosecutor called the threats "a well organized operation." The week before the trial she felt so threatened that she kept herself and her family in the house.[52] The police guarded her house until the beginning of the trial, and she joined a witness protection program.[6]

On a positive note, she got a new personal lawyer for the trial, a woman she felt she could trust: Marcela Rodríguez, the coordinator of the Counseling and Sponsorship Program for Victims of Trafficking in Persons of the Office of the Ombudsman. And a large number of number of social and feminist organizations organized in her support.[52]

Sinov

Because she continued to receive threats during the trial, Kinan's protectors restricted her movement and communication. One observer pointed out that the people eventually convicted of trafficking her were not detained and enjoyed complete freedom of movement and communication.[47]

Argentina doesn't have separate civil and criminal courts, and the civil and criminal cases against Kinan's managers at the nightclub Sheik were carried out simultaneously before the same panel of judges. During the trial, Kinan testified in a Gesell chamber, so that the accused were not able to witness her testimony.[6] A witness known only as "F" testified under the same conditions.[20]

Jinoyat ishlari bo'yicha sud jarayoni

The defendants were charged with violating Argentina 's anti-trafficking law. The law has a four-part test for trafficking: recruitment; transport; receiving and/or harboring persons; va ekspluatatsiya. (Qarang Human trafficking in Argentina.) The prosecution claimed that the defendants recruited by advertising in media, they transported their victims by advancing money for their plane tickets, and they received and harbored them by meeting them at the airport and bringing them to the brothel and housing them there. To show exploitation they claimed that the victims had characteristics of social vulnerability when recruited, and that they were bound to the brothel by debts and rules that compromised their ability to leave when they chose.[33]

The prosecutors argued that requiring the women to use a sponge during menstruation was proof that the women weren't working willingly. (Many independent escorts use a sponge so their clients won't know that they're menstruating, and some prefer the sponge to the usual tampons and sanitary napkins. However, women vary a lot in the pain they experience during menstruation. Even a woman who usually doesn't have problems may have a bad month. Escorts participating in a discussion of this on an on-line forum said that forcing women to work when they feel bad or need rest is exploitative, even if the sponge itself isn't a problem.[53])

Kinan's lawyer argued that the defendants' actions violated the 1949 UN protocol on trafficking, which Argentina has signed. (Qarang Odam savdosiga qarshi kurash va boshqalarning fohishabozligini ekspluatatsiya qilish to'g'risidagi konventsiya.) She pointed out that under the protocol, a victim's consent is immaterial.[43]

Montoya's lawyer made the following arguments:

[The night club was a] duly authorized establishment and the accusation of sex in exchange for money has not been proven and there were no places where they had sex. There is no concrete proof of these federal crimes.[54]

He pointed out that Montoya had faced a similar charge in the provincial court in 2011 and the case had been dismissed.

... now the same complaint has been reissued in Federal, therefore we will ask for acquittal.[54]

Excerpts from Pedro Montoya's testimony:

I am being tried for a crime that I consider to be aberrant. I do not consider that I have deviated from the law. I do not see them as victims but rather as majority partners. I am the minority partner of the ladies.

[Trafficking] is a fashionable crime.

This is a trade in which we take advantage of both of a man's needs, because the man needs to go to a place to look for company. The public goes and the women act as psychologists ... Sometimes men went after spending forty days on board.

The girl is in the capacity of entertainer because they are to entertain and be a companion of a person. It is a service of accompaniment or entertainment that is framed in the Collective Agreement of Work according to an ordinance of the Deliberating Council.

[Clients] had to pay the value of a glass for the time that they were going to be absent from the place ... I consider relationships outside the nightclub to be an agreement between two people, it is not my problem.

There was no [criminal] organization here at all. This business made me tired, it caused me psychophysical discomforts and even losses sometimes.[31]

I asked my lawyer and he answered that we were not guilty of any crime and we were under the ordinances in force, subject to inspections, of all the Armed Forces, Gendarmerie, Police, Migrations, Public Ministry of Labor, Sadaic, Capif, DGR Province and, of course, Municipality Of Ushuaia, licensing organs that always inspected the commercial activity carried out. I always thought I was doing a lawful job.[54]

Fuqarolik sudi

A team of psychologists and psychiatrists asserted that Kinan suffered from TSSB which caused sleep disorders and made her afraid of embracing and of touching things that had passed through many hands, such as money. They recommended psychological counseling three times a week for twenty years, which would cost 2,496,000 pesos at current prices. In addition, scars on her face and missing teeth were physical evidence of the violence she had suffered. The experts testified that Kinan is expected to be 70% incapacitated.[23]

The municipality of Ushuaia argued that it had no legal liability because any laws and international treaties violated by the brothel's actions fell under the jurisdiction of the federal and provincial governments, and the city's actions had all been consistent with law. It also pointed out that it was cooperating with a foundation created by Alika Kinan for the purpose of assisting victims of trafficking.[43]

The doctor from Ushuaia Regional Hospital who issued the health books testified. When asked if she ever issued health books to men, she said she only issued them to women and "sex change."[20]

Outcome of trial

On 30 November 2016, the court decided in Kinan's favor. The city of Ushuaia was ordered to pay Kinan 780,000 peso (about US$47,000.) The owner of Sheik received a qamoq jazosi of seven years and a fine of 70,000 pesos. His girlfriend/business partner got a three-year shartli hukm and a fine of 30,000 pesos. The woman who managed the club received a three-year shartli hukm.[55] As part of the suspended sentences, the court placed restrictions on where the two women could reside, required them to avoid overconsumption of alcohol, and ordered them to refrain from using narcotics.[56] The prokuror stated that even though the penalties were less than the prosecution had requested, the hukm was a change in the way the sud tizimi ko'rib chiqildi jinsiy aloqa savdosi.[55]

Epilog

On 1 December 2016, the court published the grounds for its decision. At that point, the convicted exercised their right of Shikoyat qilish and remained free. Kinan continues to feel anxiety over the outcome and she's also still getting threats. The protective personnel provided by the government Program for Rescue were withdrawn.[47] In 2018, Pedro Montoya lost his appeal before the Court of Criminal Cassation and will serve his seven-year prison term. The civil judgment against the Municipality of Ushuaia was confirmed, i.e. the court confirmed that the city had been involved in trafficking Kinan. The fines against Montoya and his girlfriend/business partner were confirmed, and the money was ordered to be used to pay the compensation ordered for Kinan, with any surplus to go to a trafficking victims fund maintained by the Ministry of Justice.[57][11]

The Ushuaia city counsel ended the licensing of brothels in 2013, effectively putting them all out of business.[34] Many of the women left to continue jinsiy aloqa boshqa joyda. Ularning aksariyati bordi Punta Arenas yilda Chili.[13] A ferry service connects Punta Arenas with the island of Tierra del Fuego where Ushuaia is located, making it easy to move there. The brothels of southern Chile are active, operate similarly to the ones driven out of Ushuaia,[15] and Punta Arenas is visited by the same types of ships that gave Ushuaia many of its customers for its sex business.[7]

The women left, but they've been replaced. There are still places where you can rent a room for an hour. There's a wider variety of business models, but the dominant one is reportedly the private apartment. While Kinan and her coworkers lived two to a room, the new model is three to an apartment. If sex workers in Ushuaia benefited from closing the brothels, it was primarily from the change in housing; they now have hot water. Women still come from the same places far away from Ushuaia, but they rotate in and out faster. Advertising is done on the web, where the pictures and names change, but the phone numbers stay the same. Periodically, the police raid an apartment and liberate its occupants, rendering them homeless until they can reconnect with their pimps. While they are working for their pimps, they are plagued by the same system of debts that plagued Kinan and her coworkers. When the police liberate them, they become homeless mothers with no way of supporting their children.[34] Kinan believes that the official count of rescued women is inflated because many of the women have been rescued one or more times previously.

Why do the victims relapse? Because they have no resources, because there are no public policies, because politicians make policy under the banner of "Not One Less" but they haven't filed even one bill that protects women. The trafficking law came without legs, it doesn't function. I am grateful because it rescued me and freed me from a brothel, helped me grow as a militant and empower me. But after I was released, after being told that I was a victim all these years and that I had to go home with my daughters I thought "What do I live for? What I do?" The Law of Trafficking doesn't work without public policies, that is to say, access to housing, therapeutic psychological support for victims of trafficking, reintegration into genuine work and access to education.[42]

Kinan currently works at the National University of San Martín, in Buenos Aires, doing research and giving lectures on human trafficking, and organizes activities related to the same topic.[58]

Kinan on sex work

Kinan is an abolitionist opposed to decriminalization. She believes that trafficking can only be abolished by giving women the things that she herself has struggled for.

I always insist, when you ask me if I am an abolitionist, yes, I am because I am convinced that if a woman in a state of vulnerability, who is being sexually exploited, you give her or she is given a series of instruments to defend herself in life, education, a well-paid job, not one in the informal economy where she earns little, decent housing where she can support her family even though she is single, I'm sure that woman does not prostitute herself, I'm totally convinced she does not arrive at prostitution. Then, by that point, I consider myself an abolitionist ...[2]

In Kinan's view, women enter sex work because they lack housing, jobs, and education. But she also views sex workers as trapped by not understanding that they are victims and have rights.

Because you are very afraid, you are not sure if you are a victim or you are not a victim, you don't become aware if you are a victim, if you knew that you were a victim, you would ask for help immediately. Social myth is "Why don't these women who are locked up ask for help at the time? Why don't they come out screaming that they are in these places where they are being exploited sexually, if as a society we know this is wrong?" Because the victims do not know, because they have a great ignorance about international treaties signed by our country, there is a great ignorance that our country is abolitionist.[59]

For Kinan, the alternative to abolishing sex work is regulating it. Her experience of regulation was the medical exams at Ushuaia, where physicians authorized by the city ridiculed and disparaged the sex workers they were examining. This combined with similar treatment from clients leads her to place regulators and clients in interlocking roles.

The Municipality set up the sanitary notebooks, very much like Senasa or bromatological analysis. [SENASA is the federal food safety agency in Argentina.] Did you see when you go to buy meat in the supermarket? There you walk down the aisle and you see that everything has passed through sanitary inspections, and that the meat is fit for human consumption. And you are one more piece of meat. The client of prostitution enters the premises and says I'm having a ribeye, or a piece of beef, a hamburger. You feel like the merchandise that has given up its own will, to be consumed, to be raped.[59]

Kinan wants to attack commercialized sex in three steps. First is the end of government regulation and shutting down sex-related businesses via the existing anti-trafficking law. The next step is to eliminate the commodity being sold by giving women the resources that make it unnecessary for them to turn to sex work for survival.

At the moment the most important thing is to be able to conjoin the Law of Trafficking with real public policies, that restore the rights of the victims in terms of housing and labor solutions. And the supportive therapy and the ability to provide them with education.[59]

Failure to take this step means that women return to their traffickers.

When we talk about Human Rights, it is wonderful that we have the closure of brothels, which are clandestine and non-clandestine centers of torture and sexual exploitation, but what do we do to avoid having the same victim show up in later raids, as has happened?[59]

The final step is to eliminate the buyer by criminalizing the client, but this must proceed from the second step described above, which Kinan calls "the restoration of rights."

We have a lot of work ahead of us, regarding the restoration of rights, of women who are victims of trafficking and from there to be able to advance in a direct line on the criminalization of the client of prostitution.[59]

Argentina has a union of sex workers called Ammar that is part of CTA, a trade union federation. As a sex worker, Kinan saw herself as a strong woman doing a difficult job, but she now believes that viewpoint is a part of victimization.

I saw myself as a strong woman who had come there because I had no choice, a concept that is also part of the crime of trafficking, because that is what you are made to believe when you enter the circuit.[7]

She has no sympathy for Ammar or other sex worker rights organizations, viewing them as essentially the same as the managers at the brothels where she worked.

For me Ammar is a union and acts as such, these women have never stood at the street corners, none of them are kept in the brothels as victims, but they have presided over brothels and have presided over women. My personal opinion is that they are trying to take care of their backs for future raids that are made for the crime of trafficking. It is not innocent that they have gone from claiming rights and guarantees as autonomous prostitutes and today demand the reopening of brothels. Argentina and the Constitution are abolitionist, where clearly we are not going to allow prostitution to exist on behalf of others.[59]

Tafovutlar

Part of Alika Kinan's story is the fact that news sources report things about her that are contradicted by other sources. Since there's no way of knowing why different information is being reported a different times, nothing in this section should be taken as evidence that anyone is intentionally being untruthful.

Age of arrival at Ushuaia

In at least two different interviews, Kinan has apparently said that she was eighteen years old when she arrived at Ushuaia.[60][9] Another source said she was fifteen.[8] She was reportedly born on June 24, 1976.[1] She has said that she was thirty six when Sheik was raided in 2012,[60] and in 2017 she said that she was forty one,[9] both of which would be consistent with a 1976 birth date. Various sources state that she came to Ushuaia to work at Sheik in 1996.[43][1][3][60][42][2][7][41] A recent source states that she arrived in Ushuaia in April, 1996, which would make her nineteen, but only two months shy of her twentieth birthday.[11]

Time in sex work

One source says Kinan was trapped by prostitution for twenty years.[42] Another says that she was trapped in a brothel for nearly twenty years.[9] Another claims that she was "a victim of trafficking networks and male clients for two decades."[61] And another says she was "a victim of forced prostitution for 16 years."[8]

She did sex work in Kordova for three years, worked in brothels in Ushuaia for three years, and after returning to Ushuaia from Ispaniya, worked in one brothel for another two years. These three time periods add up to about eight years.

Number of brothels

When news reports say that Kinan was trapped in a brothel for twenty years, they're referring to the brothel named Sheik. In Córdoba, she worked at a brothel named Aries.[6][4] In Ushuaia, she worked at both Sheik[6][1] and Black & White.[14][12]

Qabul qilish

On the subject of entrapment, a writer familiar with the details of Kinan's history wrote that "Alika Kinan was not kidnapped or cheated..."[5]

One news report says that she was held prisoner.[62] The sources cited use the word "trapped" in a context implying some sort of physical coercion. In Córdoba she didn't live in the brothel. The brothel work paid for the place she rented for herself and her younger sister.[4] While working at Black & White she rented another place for her sister, indicating that she could travel around the city and conduct business.[4] While working at Sheik, she had keys to the entrance to her living quarters. She worked under abusive and exploitative conditions, compelled by poverty and the need to support people dependent on her. But she has ruled out physical coercion in two different interviews.[42][3]

As far as trickery or deceptive recruiting is concerned, in Córdoba there was no need for the brothel to recruit her. She and her sister were starving, she was desperate, and she had no alternatives. She went to Ushuaia to work at Sheik because they paid better.[2] It's not clear why she moved from Sheik to Black & White, but at Sheik she kept fifty percent of the client fees and at Black & White she kept sixty to seventy percent. Also, the women at Black & White didn't have to entertain their clients in their living quarters.[29]

Number of clients per night

In 2015 a news report said that Kinan had up to ten or twelve clients a night.[58] In 2016 she estimated an average of eight clients per night.[17] In 2017, she told one interviewer that she had seen fifteen to thirty men per night,[9] and she told another that she had twenty to thirty men per night.[58]

As stated in the Money section above, brothel revenue data indicates that the women working in the brothels were averaging two to three clients per night.

Izolyatsiya

According to NPR, the women working in the brothel couldn't make friends outside the brothel.[9] Yilda Kordova, Kinan actually did have friends outside the brothel. At both brothels in Ushuaia, she appears to have had freedom of movement outside the brothels. However, Ushuaia was a small city, everyone knew what she did for a living, and sex work has a lot of stigma. She probably was socially isolated, but mostly because of the stigma associated with her work.

Adabiyotlar

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