Bentham va Hooker tizimi - Bentham & Hooker system

Genera plantarumning 1862 yilgi nashrining frontispiece

A taksonomik tizim, Bentham va Hooker tizimi urug 'o'simliklari uchun, Bentham va Hookerda nashr etilgan Plantarum Genera plantarum kerbensisli kuvensibus servata aniqlanishidagi namunali imprimis 1862 yildan 1883 yilgacha uch jildda.[1][2]

Jorj Bentem (1800-1884) va Jozef Dalton Xuker (1817-1911) ga yaqin aloqador bo'lgan ingliz botaniklari edi Qirollik botanika bog'lari, Kew, Angliyada. Ularning botanika taksonomiyasi tizimi tabiiy yaqinlik printsipiga asoslanib, evolyutsiyani hisobga olmaganligi sababli Darvindan oldingi davr sifatida qabul qilinadi. The Plantarum generera taxminiy 97205 turni 202 oilaga va 7569 avlodga tasnifladi.[1]

Xulosa

Tizim quyidagi asosiy guruhlarni tan oladi:

  • Sinf DIKOTILEDONLAR
    • DIKOTILEDON POLIPETALASI vol I
      • Seriya 1. Talamifloralar
        2-seriya. Disciflorae
        Seriya 3. Kalitsifloralar
    • DIKOTILEDONLAR GAMOPETALIÆ II jild
      • 1-seriya. Inferalar
        Seriya 2. Heteromeralar
        3-seriya. Bicarpellatae
    • DIKOTILEDONLAR MONOXLAMIDEÆ III jild
  • Sinf GYMNOSPERMEÆ vol III (1)
  • Sinf MONOCOTILEDONLAR III jild (2)

Bentham & Hooker tizimidagi oilalar va buyurtmalar

E'tibor bering, ushbu tizim xalqaro miqyosda qabul qilingan qoidalar mavjud bo'lishidan ancha oldin nashr etilgan botanika nomenklaturasi. Bu "ordo" tomonidan oilani ko'rsatadi; buyurtma "kohorlar" (dastlabki ikki jildda) yoki "seriyalar" (uchinchi jildda) bilan ko'rsatilgan; dastlabki ikki jildda "seriya" buyurtma darajasidan yuqori darajani anglatadi. Oilalar uchun bekor qilish hozirgi kabi emas. Ushbu hodisalarning ikkalasi ham nomenklatura nuqtai nazaridan muammo emas ICBN buni ta'minlaydi.

Dicotyledonae

Dicotyledonae

  • DIKOTILEDON POLIPETALARUM I jild
    SERIES Men THALAMIFLORÆ
    COHORS I. RANALES
    I. RANUNCULACEÆ
    II. D.ILLENIACEAE
    III. CALYCANTHACEÆ
    IV. MAGNOLIACEAE
    V. ANONACEAE [sic]
    VI. MENISPERMACEÆ
    VII. BERBERIDACEÆ
    VIII. NYMPHÆACEAE
    COHORS II. PARIETALES
    IX. SARRACENIACEAE
    X. PAPAVERACEAE
    XI. CRUCIFERAE
    XII. CAPPARIDEAE
    XIII. RESEDACEAE
    XIV. CISTINEYA
    XV. VIOLARIEAE p. 114 4 qabila
    XVI. CANELLACEAE
    XVII. BIXINEAE
    COHORS III. POLYGALINÆ
    XVIII. PITTOSPOREÆ
    XIX. TREMANDREEE
    XX. POLIGALA
    XXa. VOCHYSIACEAE
    COHORS IV. CARYOFILLINÆ
    XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
    XXII. CARYOFILLEÆ
    XXIII. PORTULACEÆ
    XIV. TAMARISCINEÆ
    COHORS V. GUTTIFERALES
    XXV. ELATINEÆ
    XXVI. HYERPICINEÆ
    XXVII. GUTTIFERÆ
    XXVIII. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
    XXIX. D.IPTEROCARPEÆ
    XXX. CHLENACEÆ
    COHORS VI. MYO'Q
    XXXI. MALVACEÆ
    XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ
    XXXIII. TILIACEÆ
    SERIES II. D.ISCIFLORÆ
    COHORS VII. GERANIALES
    XXXIV LINEÆ
    XXXV. HUMIRIACEÆ
    XXXVI. MALPIGHIACEÆ
    XXXVII. ZYGOPHILLEÆ
    XXXVIII. GERANIACEÆ
    XXXIX. RUTACEÆ
    XL. SIMARUBEÆ [sic]
    XLI. OCHNACEÆ
    XLII. BURSERACEÆ
    XLIII. MELIACEÆ
    XLIV. CHAILTIACEÆ
    COHORS VIII. OLAKALES
    XLV. OLACINEÆ
    XLVI. MenLICINEÆ
    COHORS IX. CELASTRALES
    XLVII. CELASTRINEÆ
    LVII. LEGUMINOSÆ
    LVIII. ROSACEÆ
    LIX. SAXIFRAGEÆ
    LX. CRUSULACEÆ
    LXI. D.ROSERACEÆ
    LXII. HAMAMELIDEÆ
    LXIII. BRUNIACEÆ
    LXIV. HALORAGEÆ
    COHORS XII. MYRTALES
    LXV. RHIZOPHOREÆ
    LXVI. COMBRETACEÆ
    LXVII. MYRTACEÆ
    LXVIII. MELASTOMACEÆ
    LXIX. LYTHRARIEÆ
    LXX. ONAGRARIEÆ
    COHORS XIII. PASSIFLORALES
    LXXI. SAMYDACEÆ
    LXXII. LOASEÆ
    LXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
    LXXIV. PASSIFLOREÆ
    LXXV. CUCURBITACEÆ
    LXXVI. BEGONIACEÆ
    LXXVII. D.ATISCEÆ
    COHORS XIV. FICOIDALES
    LXXVIII. CACTEÆ
    LXXIX. FICIOIDEÆ
    COHORS XV. UMBELLALES
    LXXX. UMBELLIFERÆ
    LXXXI. ARALIACEÆ
    LXXXII. CORNACEÆ
  • DIKOTILEDONLAR GAMOPETALIÆ II jild
    SERIES I. MenNFERÆ
    COHORS I. RUBIALES
    LXXXIII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
    LXXXIV. RUBIACEÆ
    COHORS II. ASTERALES
    LXXXV. VALERYAÆ
    LXXXVI. D.IPSACEÆ
    LXXXVII. CALCEREÆ
    LXXXVIII. COMPOSITÆ
    COHORS III. CAMPANALES
    LXXXIX. STILIDIEÆ
    LC. GOODENOVIEÆ
    XCI. CAMPANULACEÆ
    SERIES II. HETEROMERÆ
    COHORS MENDA BORRICALES
    XCII. VACCINIACEÆ
    XCIII. ERICACEÆ
    XCIV. MONOTROPEÆ
    XCV. EPACRIDEÆ
    XCVI. D.IAPENSIACEÆ
    XCVII. LENNOACEÆ
    COHORS V. PRIMULALES
    XCVIII. PLUMBAGINEÆ
    XCIX. PRIMULACEÆ
    SMYRSINEÆ
    COHORS VI. EBENALES
    CI. SAPOTACEÆ
    CII. EBENACEÆ
    CIII. STYRACEÆ
    SERIES III. BICAPELLATÆ
    COHORS VII. GENTIANALES
    CIV. OLEACEÆ
    REZYUME. SALVADORACEÆ
    CVI. APOCYNACEÆ
    CVII. ASCLEPIADEÆ
    CVIII. LOGANIACEÆ
    CIX. GENTIANEÆ
    COHORS VIII. POLEMONIYALAR
    CX. POLEMONIACEÆ
    CXI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
    CXII. BORAGINEÆ
    CXIII. CONVOLVULACEÆ
    CXIV. SOLANACEÆ
    COHORS IX. PERSONALES
    CXV. SCROPHULARINEÆ
    CXVI. OROBRANCHACEÆ
    CXVII. LENTIBULARIEÆ
    CXVIII. COLUMELLIACEÆ
    CXIX. GESNERACEÆ [sic]
    CXX. BIGNONIACEÆ
    CXXI. PEDALINEÆ
    CXXII. ACANTHACEÆ
    COHORS X. LAMIALES
    CXXIII. MYOPORINEÆ
    CXXIV. SELAGINEÆ
    CXXV. VERBENACEÆ
    CXXVI. LABIATÆ
    incertae sedis
    CXXVII. PLANTAGINEÆ
  • DIKOTILEDONLAR MONOXLAMIDEÆ III jild
    I. seriya. Curvembryeæ
    CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEÆ
    CXXIX. MenLLECEBRACEÆ
    CXXX. AMARANTACEÆ [sic]
    CXXXI. CHENOPODIACEÆ
    CXXXII. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
    CXXXIII. BATIDEÆ
    CXXXIV. POLYGONACEÆ
    II seriya. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ
    CXXXV. PODOSTEMONACEÆ
    III seriya. Multiovulatæ Terrestres
    CXXXVI. NEPENTHACEÆ
    CXXXVII. CYTINACEÆ
    CXXXVIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
    IV seriya. Microembryeæ
    CXXXIX. PIPERACEÆ
    CXL. CHLORANTACEÆ
    CXLI. MYRISTICEÆ
    CXLII. MONIMIACEÆ
    V. Daphnales seriyasi
    CXLIII. LAURINEÆ
    CXLIV. PROTEACEÆ
    CXLV. THYMELÆACEÆ
    CXLVI. PENÆACEÆ
    CXLVII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
    VI seriya. Axlamidosporaæ
    CXLVIII. LORANTHACEÆ
    CXLIX. SANTALACEÆ
    CL. BALANOFOREÆ
    VII seriya. Yagona jinslilar
    CLI. EUPHORBIACEÆ
    CLII. BALANOPEÆ
    CLIII. URTICACEÆ
    CLIV. PLATANACEÆ
    CLV. LEITNERIEÆ
    CLVI. JUGLANDEÆ
    CLVII. MYRICACEÆ
    CLVIII. CASUARINEÆ
    CLIX. CUPULIFERÆ
    VIII seriya. Ordines anomali (incertae sedis)
    CLX. SALICINEÆ
    CLXI. LACISTEMACEÆ
    CLXII. EMPETRACEÆ
    CLXIII. CERATOFİLLÆ
  • GYMNOSPERMEÆ [sic] III jild (1)
    CLXIV. GNETACEÆ
    CLXV. CONIFERÆ
    CLXVI. CYCADACEÆ

Gimnospermlar

  • vol III (1)

Bir pallali daraxtlar

Bir pallali daraxtlar

  • Xulosa pp viii-xi
  • MONOCOTILEDONLAR vol III (2) p. 448

I. seriyali Microspermæ p. 448

  • CLXVII. HYDROCHARIDEÆp. 448
    CLXVIII. BURMANNIACEÆ
    CLXIX. ORCHIDEÆ p. 460

II seriya Epigynæ p. 636

  • CLXX. SCITAMINEÆ p. 636[3]
    CLXXI. BROMELIACEÆ p. 657
    CLXXII. HAEMODORACEÆ p. 671
    CLXXIII. MenIRIDEÆ p. 681
    CLXXIV. AMARILLIDEÆ p. 711 5 qabila
    I Tribus Hypoxideae p. 716
    II Tribus Amarylleae p. 718 3 subtribes
    III Tribus Alstroemerieae p. 735
    IV Tribus Agaveae p. 737
    V Tribus Vellosieae p. 739
    CLXXV. TACCACEÆ p. 740
    CLXXVI. D.IOSCOREACEÆ p. 741

III seriya Koronarie p. 746

  • CLXXVII. ROXBURGIACEÆ p. 746
    CLXXVIII. LILIACEÆ p. 748 (20 qabilalar) sxemasi 748-763
    Tribus I Smilaceae p. 763
    Tribus II Qushqo'nmas p. 764
    Tribus III Luzuriageae
    Tribus IV Polygonateae p. 768
    Tribus V Convallariae
    Tribus VI Aspidistreae
    Tribus VII Hemerocalleae
    Tribus VIII Aloineae
  • ...
    Tribus X Asphodeleae p. 781 5 subtribs
    Tribus XI Johnsonieae p. 795
    Tribus XII Allieae p. 798-sxema p. 750 4 subtribs
    Subtribus I Agapanteya p. 798
    Subtribus II Evvaliya p. 798
    Subtribus III Gilliesieae p. 804
    Subtribus IV Massoniyalar p. 806
    Tribus XIII Scilleae p. 807
    Tribus XIV Tulipeae p. 816
    Tribus XV Colchiceae
  • ...
    Tribus XX Veratrealar p. 834
    CLXXIX. PONTEDERIACEÆ p. 836
    CLXXX. PHILYDRACEÆ p. 840
    CLXXXI. XYRIDEÆ p. 841
    CLXXXII. MAYACEÆ p. 843
    CLXXXIII. COMMELINACEÆ p. 844
    CLXXXIV. RAPATEACEÆ p. 857

VI seriyali Kalytsinæ p. 860

  • CLXXXV. FLAGELLARIEÆ
    CLXXXVI. JUNCACEÆ
    CLXXXVII. PALMÆ

V. seriyali Nudifloreæ p. 949

  • CLXXXVIII. PANDANEÆ
    CLXXXIX. CYCLANTHACEÆ
    CXC TYPHACEÆ
    CXCI. AROIDEÆ
    CXCII. LEMNACEÆ p. 1000

VI seriya. Apokarp p.1001

  • CXCIII. TRIURIDEÆ
    CXCIV. ALISMACEÆ p. 1003
    CXCV. NAIADACEÆ [sic]

VII seriya. Parizoda_liboslari p. 1019

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ a b Singx 2010 yil, Bentham va Xuker 308-312 betlar
  2. ^ Bentem va Xuker 1862-1883.
  3. ^ Bentem va Xuker 1862-1883, Scitamineae 636-657 betlar

Bibliografiya

  • Bentem, G.; Xuker, J.D. (1862–1883). Plantarum Genera plantarum kerbensisli kuvensibus servata aniqlanishidagi namunali imprimis (3 jild).. London: L Reeve & Co.. Olingan 24 yanvar 2014.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
  • Bentem, Jorj (1877 yil fevral). "Birlamchi buyurtmalarni boshlang'ich guruhlarga taqsimlash to'g'risida, xususan, Avstraliya florasiga nisbatan, ba'zi terminologiyalar bo'yicha yozuvlar bilan". Londonning Linnea Jamiyati jurnali, Botanika. 15 (88): 490–520. doi:10.1111 / j.1095-8339.1877.tb00261.x.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
  • Singh, Gurcharan (2010). O'simliklar sistematikasi: integral yondashuv (3 nashr). Ilmiy nashrlar. ISBN  978-1578083510. Olingan 23 yanvar 2014.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)