Niobiy izotoplari - Isotopes of niobium

Ning asosiy izotoplari niobiy  (41Nb)
IzotopChirish
mo'llikyarim hayot (t1/2)rejimimahsulot
90Nbsin15 soatβ+90Zr
91Nbsin680 yε91Zr
91mNbsin61 dIT91Nb
92Nbiz3.47×107 yε92Zr
γ
92m1Nbsin10 dε92Zr
γ
93Nb100%barqaror
93mNbsin16 yIT93Nb
94Nbiz20.3×103 yβ94Mo
γ
95Nbsin35 dβ95Mo
γ
95mNbsin4 dIT95Nb
96Nbsin24 soatβ96Mo
Standart atom og'irligi Ar, standart(Nb)

Tabiiyki niobiy (41Nb) bittadan iborat barqaror izotop (93Nb). Eng barqaror radioizotop bu 92Nb bilan yarim hayot 34,7 million yil. Keyingi eng uzoq umr ko'rgan niobiy izotoplari 94Nb (yarim umr: 20 300 yil) va 91680 yillik yarim umr bilan Nb. Shuningdek, a meta holat ning 93Nb da 31 keV uning yarim umri 16,13 yil. Yigirma uchta boshqa radioizotoplar tavsiflangan. Ularning aksariyati yarim umrga ega, faqat ikki soatdan kam vaqtni tashkil etadi, bundan mustasno 95Nb (35 kun), 96Nb (23,4 soat) va 90Nb (14,6 soat). Birlamchi parchalanish rejimi barqaror oldin 93Nb elektronni tortib olish va undan keyin asosiy rejim beta-emissiya ba'zilari bilan neytron emissiyasi sodir bo'lgan 104–110Nb.

Faqat 95Nb (35 kun) va 97Nb (72 daqiqa) va og'irroq izotoplar (yarim umrlar soniyada) bo'linish mahsulotlari sezilarli darajada, chunki boshqa izotoplar barqaror yoki juda uzoq umr ko'rgan (93Zr ) oldingi elementning izotoplari zirkonyum orqali ishlab chiqarishdan beta-parchalanish neytronlarga boy bo'linish qismlari. 95Nb parchalanish mahsuloti ning 95Zr (64 kun), shuning uchun yo'qolish 95Nb in ishlatilgan yadro yoqilg'isi faqat o'zining 35 kunlik yarim umridan kutilganidan sekinroq. To'g'ridan-to'g'ri bo'linish mahsuloti sifatida oz miqdordagi boshqa izotoplar ishlab chiqarilishi mumkin.

Izotoplar ro'yxati

Nuklid
[n 1]
ZNIzotopik massa (Da )
[n 2][n 3]
Yarim hayot
[n 4]
Chirish
rejimi

[n 5]
Qizim
izotop

[n 6][n 7]
Spin va
tenglik
[n 8][n 4]
Tabiiy mo'llik (mol qismi)
Qo'zg'alish energiyasi[n 4]Oddiy nisbatTurlanish oralig'i
81Nb414080.94903(161)#<44 nsβ+, p80Y3/2−#
p80Zr
β+81Zr
82Nb414181.94313(32)#51 (5) milodiyβ+82Zr0+
83Nb414282.93671(34)4.1 (3) sβ+83Zr(5/2+)
84Nb414383.93357(32)#9,8 (9) sβ+ (>99.9%)84Zr3+
β+, p (<.1%)83Y
84mNb338 (10) keV103 (19) ns(5−)
85Nb414484.92791(24)20.9 (7) sβ+85Zr(9/2+)
85mNb759,0 (10) keV12 (5) s(1/2−)
86Nb414585.92504(9)88 (1) sβ+86Zr(6+)
86mNb250 (160) # keV56 (8) sβ+86Zryuqori
87Nb414686.92036(7)3.75 (9) minβ+87Zr(1/2−)
87mNb3.84 (14) keV2.6 (1) minβ+87Zr(9/2+)#
88Nb414787.91833(11)14.55 (6) minβ+88Zr(8+)
88mNb40 (140) keV7.8 (1) minβ+88Zr(4−)
89Nb414888.913418(29)2.03 (7) soatβ+89Zr(9/2+)
89mNb0 (30) # keV1.10 (3) soatβ+89Zr(1/2)−
90Nb414989.911265(5)14.60 (5) soatβ+90Zr8+
90m1Nb122.370 (22) keV63 (2) s6+
90m2Nb124,67 (25) keV18.81 (6) sIT90Nb4-
90m3Nb171.10 (10) keV<1 µs7+
90m4Nb382.01 (25) keV6.19 (8) mil1+
90m5Nb1880.21 (20) keV472 (13) ns(11−)
91Nb415090.906996(4)680 (130) aEC (99.98%)91Zr9/2+
β+ (.013%)91Zr
91m1Nb104,60 (5) keV60.86 (22) dIT (93%)91Nb1/2−
EC (7%)91Zr
β+ (.0028%)91Zr
91m2Nb2034.35 (19) keV3.76 (12) .s(17/2−)
92Nb415191.907194(3)3.47(24)×107 aβ+ (99.95%)92Zr(7)+
β (.05%)92Mo
92m1Nb135,5 (4) keV10.15 (2) dβ+92Zr(2)+
92m2Nb225,7 (4) keV5.9 (2) s(2)−
92m3Nb2203,3 (4) keV167 (4) ns(11−)
93Nb415292.9063781(26)Barqaror9/2+1.0000
93mNb30,77 (2) keV16.13 (14) aIT93Nb1/2−
94Nb415393.9072839(26)2.03(16)×104 aβ94Mo(6)+
94mNb40.902 (12) keV6.263 (4) minIT (99,5%)94Nb3+
β (.5%)94Mo
95Nb415494.9068358(21)34.991 (6) dβ95Mo9/2+
95mNb235,690 (20) keV3.61 (3) dIT (94,4%)95Nb1/2−
β (5.6%)95Mo
96Nb415595.908101(4)23.35 (5) soatβ96Mo6+
97Nb415696.9080986(27)72.1 (7) minβ97Mo9/2+
97mNb743,35 (3) keV52.7 (18) sIT97Nb1/2−
98Nb415797.910328(6)2.86 (6) sβ98Mo1+
98mNb84 (4) keV51.3 (4) minβ (99.9%)98Mo(5+)
IT (.1%)98Nb
99Nb415898.911618(14)15.0 (2) sβ99Mo9/2+
99mNb365,29 (14) keV2.6 (2) minβ (96.2%)99Mo1/2−
IT (3,8%)99Nb
100Nb415999.914182(28)1,5 (2) sβ100Mo1+
100mNb470 (40) keV2.99 (11) sβ100Mo(4+, 5+)
101Nb4160100.915252(20)7.1 (3) sβ101Mo(5/2#)+
102Nb4161101.91804(4)1.3 (2) sβ102Mo1+
102mNb130 (50) keV4.3 (4) sβ102Moyuqori
103Nb4162102.91914(7)1,5 (2) sβ103Mo(5/2+)
104Nb4163103.92246(11)4.9 (3) sβ (99.94%)104Mo(1+)
β, n (.06%)103Mo
104mNb220 (120) keV940 (40) msβ (99.95%)104Moyuqori
β, n (.05%)103Mo
105Nb4164104.92394(11)2.95 (6) sβ (98.3%)105Mo(5/2+)#
β, n (1,7%)104Mo
106Nb4165105.92797(21)#920 (40) milodiyβ (95.5%)106Mo2+#
β, n (4,5%)105Mo
107Nb4166106.93031(43)#300 (9) milodiyβ (94%)107Mo5/2+#
β, n (6%)106Mo
108Nb4167107.93484(32)#0.193 (17) sβ (93.8%)108Mo(2+)
β, n (6,2%)107Mo
109Nb4168108.93763(54)#190 (30) milodiyβ (69%)109Mo5/2+#
β, n (69%)108Mo
110Nb4169109.94244(54)#170 (20) milodiyβ (60%)110Mo2+#
β, n (40%)109Mo
111Nb4170110.94565(54)#80 # ms [> 300 ns]5/2+#
112Nb4171111.95083(75)#60 # ms [> 300 ns]2+#
113Nb4172112.95470(86)#30 # ms [> 300 ns]5/2+#
  1. ^ mNb - hayajonlangan yadro izomeri.
  2. ^ () - noaniqlik (1σ) tegishli oxirgi raqamlardan keyin qavs ichida ixcham shaklda berilgan.
  3. ^ # - Atom massasi # bilan belgilangan: qiymat va noaniqlik faqat eksperimental ma'lumotlardan emas, balki kamida qisman Mass Surface tendentsiyalaridan kelib chiqadi (TMS ).
  4. ^ a b v # - # bilan belgilangan qiymatlar faqat eksperimental ma'lumotlardan kelib chiqmaydi, lekin hech bo'lmaganda qisman qo'shni nuklidlarning tendentsiyalaridan kelib chiqadi (TNN ).
  5. ^ Parchalanish usullari:
    EC:Elektronni tortib olish
    IT:Izomerik o'tish
    n:Neytron emissiyasi
    p:Proton emissiyasi
  6. ^ Qalin kursiv belgisi qizi sifatida - Daughter mahsuloti deyarli barqaror.
  7. ^ Qalin belgi qizi sifatida - qizi mahsulot barqaror.
  8. ^ () spin qiymati - zaif tayinlash argumentlari bilan spinni bildiradi.

Niobiy-92

Niobiy-92 bu yo'q bo'lib ketgan radionuklid[2] yarim umri 34,7 million yil, asosan β orqali parchalanadi+ yemirilish. Uning barqarorligi bilan mo'lligi 93Dastlabki Quyosh tizimidagi Nb, 1,7 × 10 ga baholangan−5, kelib chiqishini tekshirish uchun o'lchangan p-yadrolari.[2][3] Ushbu izotop bilan birga 94Nb, quruqlikdagi niobiyning tozalangan namunalarida aniqlangan va bombardimon natijasida kelib chiqishi mumkin kosmik nur muonlar Yer qobig'ida[4]

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Meyja, Yuris; va boshq. (2016). "Elementlarning atom og'irliklari 2013 (IUPAC texnik hisoboti)". Sof va amaliy kimyo. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515 / pac-2015-0305.
  2. ^ a b Iizuka, Tsuyoshi; Lay, Yi-Jen; Akram, Vohid; Amelin, Yuriy; Schönbächler, Mariya (2016). "Dastlabki mo'lligi va tarqalishi 92Quyosh tizimidagi Nb ". Yer va sayyora fanlari xatlari. 439: 172–181. arXiv:1602.00966. Bibcode:2016E & PSL.439..172I. doi:10.1016 / j.epsl.2016.02.005.
  3. ^ Xibiya, Y; Iizuka, T; Enomoto, H (2019). Tashqi quyosh tizimida NIOBIUM-92 ning boshlang'ich mo'lligi (PDF). Oy va sayyora bo'yicha ilmiy konferentsiya (50-nashr).. Olingan 7 sentyabr 2019.
  4. ^ Kleyton, Donald D.; Morgan, Jon A. (1977). "Muon ishlab chiqarish 92,94Nb Yer qobig'ida ". Tabiat. 266 (5604): 712–713. doi:10.1038 / 266712a0.