Midi kanalidagi qulflar - Locks on the Canal du Midi - Wikipedia

Midi kanalidagi qulf belgisi

91 kishi ishlaydi Midi kanalidagi qulflar dan 240 km (150 milya) masofa bo'ylab Bassin du Tau ustida O'rta er dengizi sohil bilan Garonne kanali yon tomoni yilda Tuluza. 37 kilometrlik masofada yana 13 ta qulf mavjud. La Nouvelle filiali orqali o'tadigan Narbonna O'rta dengizga Port-la-Nouvelle.[1] Qulflarning hammasi boshqaruv ostida Frantsuz navigatsiya vakolati, Voies navigables de France.

Qurilish

Midi kanalidagi odatiy qulflash uyi

The Kanal du Midi tomonidan 1666-1688 yillarda qurilgan Per-Pol Rikuet janubiy orqali ichki suv yo'lini ta'minlash Frantsiya o'rtasida Atlantika da Bordo va O'rta er dengizi Seti orqali Garonne. Kanaldagi qulflarning birinchi dizayni to'rtburchaklar shaklga ega edi, ammo qurilish dasturining boshida yon devorning qulashi (aynan qaysi blokirovka qayd etilmaganligi) sababli, Riquet rejalarini o'zgartirib, mavjud va yangi qulflarni qayta tikladi. ovoid kamera. Ular odatda o'rta nuqtada 11 m kenglikda va 30,5 metr uzunlikdagi eshiklar oldida 6 metrga teng edilar.[1] Riquet shuningdek, maksimal ko'tarilishni 2,9 metrgacha cheklab qo'ydi, shuning uchun u ilgari bitta chuqur qulfni qurgan bo'lar edi, buning o'rniga u ikki, uch va ba'zan to'rt xonali kameralarni yaratuvchi oraliq eshiklardan foydalangan. 1970-yillarda Canal du Midi modernizatsiya qilish dasturi davomida ushbu bir nechta kameralarning bir nechtasi beton yon devorlari bo'lgan bitta "chuqur" qulflarga aylantirildi.

Qulf eshiklari dastlab an'anaviy ravishda eman daraxtidan qilingan mitti naqsh bilan muvozanat nurlari va har bir darvozada bitta katta yog'och bor edi shlyuz vertikal vint bilan chizilgan.[1] Kirish elektr va gidravlik shlyuzlarni ko'tarish va eshiklarni ochish tizimlari muvozanat nurlari olib tashlanganligini ko'rdi va zamonaviy eshiklar metall konstruktsiyalarga ega.

Har bir qulfda ikki qavatli ikki qavatli qulflovchi uning ustiga o'rnatilgan uy yoki a quyma temir yoki a devor qulfning nomi va har tomonga qo'shni qulflarning nomi va masofasi ko'rsatilgan belgi. Qulflarni hanuzgacha qulflash moslamalari boshqaradi va o'tish faqat ular qatnashgan paytdagina mumkin, ammo La Nouvelle filialida qayiqchilar tomonidan ishlashga ruxsat beriladi. Qulflar 1-yanvar, 11-noyabr va 25-dekabrdan tashqari har kuni, mavsumdan tashqari soat 08:00 dan 17:30 gacha va yozgi avj pallasida soat 08:00 dan 19:00 gacha ishlaydi; barcha qulflar tushlik uchun soat 12:30 - 13:30 yopiq.[2]

Profil

Tuluzaning g'arbiy qismida kanal 132 metr (433 fut) balandlikda va 193 metrgacha (633 fut) balandlikka ko'tarilgan. Ocean Lock va Mediterranee Lock g'arbda Kastelnaudari pastga tushishdan oldin dengiz sathi da Seti.[3]

Midi kanali to'g'risidagi profil (Tuluzadan metrgacha bo'lgan masofa va balandlik dengiz sathidan balandlikda)

Grafada Kanal du Midi profilining profili ko'rsatilgan Tuluza (1), da kanal cho'qqisi orqali Seuil de Nauruze (2), Kastelnaudari (3), keyin Karkasson (4) va Trebes (5). Kanal davom etmoqda Bézierlar faqat keyin Fonsérannes Lock (6), keyin esa ustiga Agde (7) ga kirmasdan oldin Bassin de Tau Sette (8) da.

193 metr (633 fut) balandlikda Naurouze cho'qqisi bilan Tuluza o'rtasida 57,18 metr (187,6 fut) va cho'qqisi va Sete o'rtasida 189,43 metr (621,5 fut) tushgan kanalning eng baland nuqtasidir. Eng uzun funt orasida 53,49 kilometr (33,24 milya) bor Argens Lock (Aude) va Fonsérannes Lock (Hérault), eng qisqa masofa esa Fresqueldagi ikkita qulf o'rtasida 250 metrni (820 fut) tashkil etadi.[4]

Qulflar

Barcha koordinatalarni xaritada quyidagilar yordamida belgilang: OpenStreetMap  
Koordinatalarni quyidagicha yuklab oling: KML  · GPX

Quyidagi ro'yxatda raqamlar ko'rsatilgan qulflar G'arbda a la Garonne kanalidan sharqda Bassin du Tauga qadar. Zinapoya qulflari yakka shaxs sifatida ko'rsatilgan, ammo individual son kameralar parvozda qayd etilgan. Tuluzadan Sete shahriga g'arbdan sharq tomon yurish 1-18 raqamli qulflar ko'tarilib, 19-86 gacha pasaymoqda.[B] Castanet qulfi elliptik kamerali birinchi qulfdir, chunki Riquet bu atrofdagi joylarning mexanik stressi tufayli eng yaxshi echim ekanligini tushundi.[5]

Midi kanalidagi qulflar
Qulflash
raqam[A]
Ismni bloklashKoordinatalar
(xaritalarga havolalar
va sun'iy yo'ldosh tasvirlari)
Soni
kameralar
Masofa
Tuluzadan
(km)
RasmBalandlik
(metr)[3]
1Bernais qulfi43 ° 36′44 ″ N 1 ° 25′32 ″ E / 43.612142 ° N 1.425618 ° E / 43.612142; 1.425618 (Bernais qulfi)11.1CanalDuMidiEcluseDuBearnaisToulouseRueDuBearn.JPG135m
2Minimes Lock43 ° 36′57 ″ N. 1 ° 26′10 ″ E / 43.615829 ° N 1.435984 ° E / 43.615829; 1.435984 (Minimes Lock)12Canal-midi-ecluse2.JPG139m
3Bayard Lok43 ° 36′39 ″ N 1 ° 27′11 ″ E / 43.610786 ° N 1.453021 ° E / 43.610786; 1.453021 (Bayard Lok)13.6145m
4Castanet Lock43 ° 31′25 ″ N. 1 ° 31′07 ″ E / 43.523582 ° N 1.518711 ° E / 43.523582; 1.518711 (Castanet Lock)115.7Ecluse de Castanet.jpg148m
5Vik Lock43 ° 30′39 ″ N 1 ° 31′02 ″ E / 43.51095 ° N 1.517295 ° E / 43.51095; 1.517295 (Vik Lock)117.4Vic Lock on the Canal du Midi.jpg151m
6Montgiskardni qulflash43 ° 27′47 ″ N. 1 ° 34′14 ″ E / 43.463105 ° N 1.570518 ° E / 43.463105; 1.570518 (Montgiscard Lock)124.9Montgiskard (Haute-Garonne, Fr) Kanal du Midi, écluse avec bateau (2) .JPG155m
7Aygues-Vives Lock43 ° 26′48 ″ N 1 ° 35′57 ″ E / 43.446677 ° N 1.599266 ° E / 43.446677; 1.599266 (Aygues-Vives Lock)128.1Écluse d'Ayguesvives sas.JPG159m
8 - 9Sanglier Lock43 ° 26′23 ″ N 1 ° 36′45 ″ E / 43.43961 ° N 1.61242 ° E / 43.43961; 1.61242 (Sanglier Lock)229.6Ecluse double du sanglier - partie amont.jpg163m
10Negra qulfi43 ° 25′07 ″ N. 1 ° 38′28 ″ E / 43.418499 ° N 1.641028 ° E / 43.418499; 1.641028 (Negra qulfi)133.3France Canal du Midi écluse de Négra.jpg166m
11 - 12Laval qulf43 ° 23′55 ″ N 1 ° 40′46 ″ E / 43.39853 ° N 1.679504 ° E / 43.39853; 1.679504 (Laval qulf)237.5Laval Lock - Canal du Midi.jpg170m
13Gardouch Lock43 ° 23′30 ″ N 1 ° 41′30 ″ E / 43.391631 ° N 1.691761 ° E / 43.391631; 1.691761 (Gardouch Lock)138.9Le port de Gardouch sur le canal du midi.jpg173m
14Rennevill qulfi43 ° 22′59 ″ N. 1 ° 43′39 ″ E / 43.383070 ° N 1.727608 ° E / 43.383070; 1.727608 (Rennevill qulfi)143.0176m
15 - 16Enkassan qulfi43 ° 22′08 ″ N 1 ° 45′22 ″ E / 43.368891 ° N 1.756014 ° E / 43.368891; 1.756014 (Enkassan qulfi)245.9Encassan Lock - Canal du Midi.jpg185m
17Emborrel Lock43 ° 21′47 ″ N. 1 ° 46′23 ″ E / 43.363113 ° N 1.773073 ° E / 43.363113; 1.773073 (Emborrel Lock)147.5Emborrel Lock on the Canal du Midi.jpg189m
18Ocean Lock43 ° 21′19 ″ N 1 ° 49′05 ″ E / 43.355309 ° N 1.818083 ° E / 43.355309; 1.818083 (Ocean Lock)151.6France Canal du Midi écluse de l'océan.jpg193m
51.5Sammit (Seuil de Nauruze )43 ° 21′19 ″ N 1 ° 49′05 ″ E / 43.355309 ° N 1.818083 ° E / 43.355309; 1.818083 (Sammit)52193m
19Mediterranée Lock43 ° 19′49 ″ N 1 ° 51′42 ″ E / 43.330160 ° N 1.861777 ° E / 43.330160; 1.861777 (Mediterranée Lock)156.6Mediterranee Lock on the Canal du Midi.jpg kanalidagi uyni qulflash193m
20-21Roc Lock43 ° 19′43 ″ N. 1 ° 52′14 ″ E / 43.328685 ° N 1.870472 ° E / 43.328685; 1.870472 (Roc Lock)257.5189m
22 -24Laurens Lock43 ° 19′31 ″ N. 1 ° 53′06 ″ E / 43.325246 ° N 1.884968 ° E / 43.325246; 1.884968 (Laurens Lock)358.7180m
25Domergue Lock43 ° 19′23 ″ N 1 ° 53′56 ″ E / 43.323029 ° N 1.898843 ° E / 43.323029; 1.898843 (Domergue Lock)159.7175m
26Laplanka qulfi43 ° 19′15 ″ N 1 ° 54′49 ″ E / 43.320900 ° N 1.913678 ° E / 43.320900; 1.913678 (Laplanka qulfi)160.9173m
27 - 30Sent-Roch qulfi43 ° 18′43 ″ N. 1 ° 57′40 ″ E / 43.311834 ° N 1.961133 ° E / 43.311834; 1.961133 (Sent-Roch qulfi)465.4Canal du Midi Schleussen bei Castelnaudary.jpg170m
31 - 32Gey qulf43 ° 18′19 ″ N 1 ° 58′39 ″ E / 43.305225 ° N 1.977624 ° E / 43.305225; 1.977624 (Gey qulf)267.1159m
33 - 35Vivier Lock43 ° 17′51 ″ N 1 ° 59′39 ″ E / 43.297457 ° N 1.994101 ° E / 43.297457; 1.994101 (Vivier Lock)368.7Écluse du Vivier.jpeg154m
36Guilhermin Lock43 ° 17′46 ″ N 1 ° 59′58 ″ E / 43.296145 ° N 1.999405 ° E / 43.296145; 1.999405 (Guilhermin Lock)169.1Écluse de Guillermin.jpeg147m
37Sent-Sernin qulfi43 ° 17′36 ″ N. 2 ° 00′18 ″ E / 43.29320 ° N 2.00505 ° E / 43.29320; 2.00505 (Sent-Sernin qulfi)169.7Écluse de Saint-Sernin.jpeg145m
38Guerre Lock43 ° 17′24 ″ N. 2 ° 00′57 ″ E / 43.290083 ° N 2.015755 ° E / 43.290083; 2.015755 (Guerre Lock)170.6Écluse de la Guerre.jpeg141m
39Peyruque Lock43 ° 17′12 ″ N. 2 ° 01′42 ″ E / 43.286689 ° N 2.028383 ° E / 43.286689; 2.028383 (Peyruque Lock)171.7Écluse de la Peyruque.jpeg139m
40Criminelle Lock43 ° 17′07 ″ N. 2 ° 02′03 ″ E / 43.28532 ° N 2.03417 ° E / 43.28532; 2.03417 (Criminelle Lock)172.2Écluse de la Criminelle.jpeg137m
41Tréboul Lock43 ° 16′49 ″ N. 2 ° 02′59 ″ E / 43.280219 ° N 2.049757 ° E / 43.280219; 2.049757 (Tréboul Lock)173.6Écluse de Tréboul.jpeg134m
42Villepinte qulfi43 ° 16′26 ″ N 2 ° 05′39 ″ E / 43.274 ° N 2.09412 ° E / 43.274; 2.09412 (Villepinte qulfi)177.4Écluse de Villepinte.jpeg130m
43Sauzens Lock43 ° 15′56 ″ N 2 ° 06′35 ″ E / 43.26544 ° N 2.10980 ° E / 43.26544; 2.10980 (Sauzens Lock)179Ekluz de Sauzens.jpeg127m
44Bram qulf43 ° 15′30 ″ N. 2 ° 07′12 ″ E / 43.25830 ° N 2.12011 ° E / 43.25830; 2.12011 (Bram qulf)180.3Écluse de Bram.jpeg126m
45Béteille Lock43 ° 14′08 ″ N. 2 ° 10′48 ″ E / 43.235532 ° N 2.180042 ° E / 43.235532; 2.180042 (Béteille Lock)185.9Écluse de Béteille.jpg123m
46Villesquelande Lock43 ° 14′05 ″ N 2 ° 14′45 ″ E / 43.234812 ° N 2.245796 ° E / 43.234812; 2.245796 (Villesquelande Lock)193.4Écluse de Villeséque.jpg122m
47 - 48Lalande qulfi43 ° 14′21 ″ N 2 ° 17′09 ″ E / 43.239241 ° N 2.285786 ° E / 43.239241; 2.285786 (Lalande qulfi)298.2Écluse de Lalande.jpg116m
49Herminis qulfi43 ° 14′14 ″ N 2 ° 17′18 ″ E / 43.237300 ° N 2.288296 ° E / 43.237300; 2.288296 (Herminis qulfi)198.5Écluse d'Herminis.jpg114m
50Ladouce Lock43 ° 13′46 ″ N. 2 ° 18′04 ″ E / 43.229506 ° N 2.301099 ° E / 43.229506; 2.301099 (Ladouce Lock)199.9Ecluse de Ladouce.jpg109m
51Carcassonne Lock43 ° 13′03 ″ N. 2 ° 21′06 ″ E / 43.217409 ° N 2.351585 ° E / 43.217409; 2.351585 (Carcassonne Lock)1105.5Port de Carcassonne.jpg106m
52Sen-Jan Lok43 ° 13′56 ″ N 2 ° 22′30 ″ E / 43.232295 ° N 2.375039 ° E / 43.232295; 2.375039 (Sen-Jan Lok)1108.0Ecluse de Saint Jean.jpg102m
53 - 54Fresquel Double Lock43 ° 14′18 ″ N 2 ° 22′29 ″ E / 43.238394 ° N 2.374646 ° E / 43.238394; 2.374646 (Fresquel Double Lock)2108.8Écluse double de Fresquel.jpg97m
55Fresquel Single Lock43 ° 14′27 ″ N 2 ° 22′47 ″ E / 43.240847 ° N 2.379621 ° E / 43.240847; 2.379621 (Fresquel Single Lock)1109.0Écluse simple de Fresquel.jpg92m
56Evêque Lock43 ° 14′08 ″ N. 2 ° 24′48 ″ E / 43.235572 ° N 2.413292 ° E / 43.235572; 2.413292 (Evêque Lock)1112.6Écluse de l'Évêque - Canal du Midi.JPG91m
57Villedubert qulfi43 ° 13′47 ″ N. 2 ° 24′48 ″ E / 43.229698 ° N 2.413303 ° E / 43.229698; 2.413303 (Villedubert qulfi)1113.4Écluse de Villedubert - Kanal du Midi - 03.JPG86m
58 - 60Trebes Lock43 ° 12′25 ″ N 2 ° 26′57 ″ E / 43.206848 ° N 2.449276 ° E / 43.206848; 2.449276 (Trebes Lock)3118Kanaldagi Trebes qulfi du Midi.jpg84m
61Marselni qulflash43 ° 12′20 ″ N 2 ° 32′59 ″ E / 43.205563 ° N 2.549688 ° E / 43.205563; 2.549688 (Marselni qulflash)1127.2Marseillette Lock.jpg79m
62 - 64Fonfile Lock43 ° 12′39 ″ N 2 ° 35′06 ″ E / 43.210825 ° N 2.584946 ° E / 43.210825; 2.584946 (Fayllarni qulflash)3130.4Kanal du Midi - Écluse triple de Fontfile à Blomac005.JPG76m
65 - 66Sent-Martin qulfi43 ° 13′02 ″ N 2 ° 35′49 ″ E / 43.217296 ° N 2.596895 ° E / 43.217296; 2.596895 (Sent-Martin qulfi)2131.6Sent-Martin qulfi - Kanal du Midi (Nensi) .JPG67m
67 - 68Aiguille Lock43 ° 13′47 ″ N. 2 ° 36′21 ″ E / 43.229629 ° N 2.605914 ° E / 43.229629; 2.605914 (Aiguille Lock)2133.4Péniche Le Tourville écluse de l Aigil Canal-du-Midi.JPG59m
69 - 70Puichéric Lock43 ° 13′51 ″ N 2 ° 38′18 ″ E / 43.230855 ° N 2.638368 ° E / 43.230855; 2.638368 (Puichéric Lock)2136.4Puichéric Lock - Kanal du Midi (Nensi) .JPG57m
71Jouarres Lock43 ° 15′43 ″ N. 2 ° 41′11 ″ E / 43.261912 ° N 2.686302 ° E / 43.261912; 2.686302 (Jouarres Lock)1142.7Jouarres Lock - Kanal du Midi (Nensi) .JPG49m
72Homps Lock43 ° 16′12 ″ N 2 ° 43′47 ″ E / 43.269874 ° N 2.729844 ° E / 43.269874; 2.729844 (Homps Lock)1146.4Homps Lock on the Canal du Midi.JPG46m
73 - 74Ognon qulfi43 ° 16′11 ″ N 2 ° 44′19 ″ E / 43.269768 ° N 2.738583 ° E / 43.269768; 2.738583 (Ognon qulfi)2147.1Ognon Lock on the Canal du Midi.JPG41m
75 - 76Pechlaurier Lock43 ° 15′01 ″ N 2 ° 45′25 ″ E / 43.25023 ° N 2.757046 ° E / 43.25023; 2.757046 (Pechlaurier Lock)2149.8Pechlaurier Lock on dual du Midi.JPG38m
77Argens Lock43 ° 14′23 ″ N 2 ° 46′45 ″ E / 43.239757 ° N 2.779187 ° E / 43.239757; 2.779187 (Argens Lock)1152.3Argens Lock on the Canal du Midi.JPG32m
78[B]Fonserannes Lock43 ° 19′50 ″ N. 3 ° 11′59 ″ E / 43.330556 ° N 3.199722 ° E / 43.330556; 3.199722 (Fonserannes qulflari)6 (+2 foydalanilmagan)206.6Béziers Fonséranes P1100874.jpg32m
79Orb Lock43 ° 20′07 ″ N. 3 ° 12′56 ″ E / 43.335256 ° N 3.215434 ° E / 43.335256; 3.215434 (Orb Lock)1208.0Orb Lock on the du du Midi (Nensi) .JPG12m
80Béziers Lock43 ° 20′00 ″ N 3 ° 13′17 ″ E / 43.333429 ° N 3.221367 ° E / 43.333429; 3.221367 (Béziers Lock)1208.4Beziers Lock.JPG
81Ariege Lock43 ° 19′21 ″ N 3 ° 15′56 ″ E / 43.322535 ° N 3.265474 ° E / 43.322535; 3.265474 (Ariege Lock)1212.5Ariege Lock.JPG9m
82Villeneuve Lock43 ° 19′04 ″ N 3 ° 16′50 ″ E / 43.317681 ° N 3.280495 ° E / 43.317681; 3.280495 (Villeneuve Lock)1213.8Villeneuve lock.JPG6m
83Portiragnes Lock43 ° 18′17 ″ N. 3 ° 19′45 ″ E / 43.304761 ° N 3.329285 ° E / 43.304761; 3.329285 (Portiragnes Lock)1218.3Portiragnes Lock 1.JPG5m
84Agde Round Lock[C]43 ° 19′13 ″ N. 3 ° 28′03 ″ E / 43.320253 ° N 3.467624 ° E / 43.320253; 3.467624 (Agde Round Lock)1231.4Agde bassin rond 3 portes.JPG4m
85Prades Lock43 ° 19′33 ″ N. 3 ° 28′40 ″ E / 43.325967 ° N 3.477808 ° E / 43.325967; 3.477808 (Prades Lock)1232.9Prades lock 2.JPG3m
86Bagnas qulfi43 ° 18′52 ″ N 3 ° 29′56 ″ E / 43.314319 ° N 3.498874 ° E / 43.314319; 3.498874 (Bagnas qulfi)1235.3Bagnas lock 2.JPG2m

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

A Qulf raqamlari 1994 yil nashrining ilovasida keltirilgan Dengizdan dengizgacha tomonidan L.T.C. Rolt
B Fonserannesdagi parvoz a bilan "almashtirildi" suv qiyaligi 1984 yilda shu sababli bitta "blokirovka raqami". Biroq, nishab hech qachon ishlamagan va 6 ta uchish zinapoyasi 91 qulf borligini, ammo atigi 86 ta raqamni anglatuvchi yagona yo'l bo'lib qolmoqda.
C Palataning uchta to'plami bor, uchinchisi - filial bilan tutashgan joy descente dans l'Hérault

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ a b v Rolt, L. T. C. (1973). Dengizdan dengizgacha: Du Midi kanalining tasvirlangan tarixi. Allen Leyn. ISBN  0713904712.
  2. ^ "Les horaires de navigation". Voies navigables de France veb-sayt. Olingan 2008-10-25.
  3. ^ a b "Toutes les Écluses du Canal du Midi". canaldumidi.com. Olingan 2008-10-25.
  4. ^ Rene Gast, Le canal du Midi va les voies navigables de l'Atlantique à la Mediterranée, Ouest-France nashrlari, 2000 yil, ISBN  2-7373-2475-0, p. 22
  5. ^ "Une écluse à Castanet-Tolosan". canaldumidi.com (frantsuz tilida). Olingan 2017-03-28.