Lulu (opera) - Lulu (opera)

Lulu
Opera tomonidan Alban Berg
WP Alban Berg.jpg
Bastakorning eskizi Emil Stumpp
LibrettistBerg
TilNemis
AsoslanganErdgeist va Die Büchse der Pandora
tomonidan Frank Vedekind
Premer
1937 yil 2-iyun (1937-06-02)

Lulu (1929 yildan 1935 yilgacha tuzilgan, premerasi 1937 yilda to'liq bo'lmagan va 1979 yilda tugagan) - bu an opera tomonidan uchta aktda Alban Berg. Berg moslashtirdi libretto dan Frank Vedekind Ikki Lulu o'ynaydi, Erdgeist (Yer ruhi, 1895) va Die Büchse der Pandora (Pandoraning qutisi, 1904).[1]

Operada Lulu nomi bilan tanilgan sirli yosh ayol, u Venadagi yaxshi saqlanib qolgan ma'shuqadan Londondagi ko'cha fohishasiga qadar pastga tushgan spiralni kuzatib boradi, ham qurbon, ham halokat uchun kurashuvchi bo'lgan. Bu g'oyani o'rganadi femme fatale va uning ayollik va erkaklik fazilatlari o'rtasidagi ikkilik.

Berg uchinchi va yakuniy aktni bajarishdan oldin vafot etdi va keyingi o'n yilliklarda opera odatda to'liqsiz ijro etildi.[2] 1979 yil nashr etilganidan beri versiya, shu jumladan Fridrix Cerha akt 3 eskizlarini orkestrlash, bu odatiy holga aylandi. Lulu foydalanish bilan ayniqsa e'tiborlidir serializm ayniqsa, unga yaroqsiz bo'lgan paytda. Teodor V. Adorno yozdi: "Opera Lulu bu uning sifatini qanchalik uzoq va chuqurroq singdirishini ochib beradigan asarlardan biridir. "[3]

Tarix

Manbalar

Berg Wedekindnikini yaxshi bilardi Erdgeist 1903 yilga kelib, u o'n to'qqiz yoshida edi.[4] U ham ko'rdi Die Büchse der Pandora tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan 1905 yilda Karl Kraus 29 may kuni va Krausning shu munosabat bilan qilgan kirish nutqidan ilhomlangan.[5] Wedekindning ikkitasida Lulu hozirda ko'pincha ushbu nom ostida birgalikda ijro etiladigan pyesalar, Erdgeist operatsiyaning 1-chi va 2-chi sahnalari uchun asos bo'lib, operatsiyani doktor Shyonni o'qqa tutishi bilan yakunlaydi, shu bilan birga Die Büchse der Pandora qolgan 2 va 3-harakatlar uchun asos bo'lib, Luluning qamalishi, qochishi va keyinchalik tanazzulga uchrashi va o'ldirilishi.

Tarkibi

Berg ishlashni boshlamadi Lulu u boshqa operasini tugatgandan so'ng, Vozek, 1929 yilda.[6] Rahmat Vozek'Muvaffaqiyat Berga ikkinchi operani boshlashga imkon beradigan iqtisodiy xavfsizlikka ega edi.[7] Biroq, 30-yillarda Venada ham, Germaniyada ham ko'tarilish tufayli musiqa olami uchun hayot tobora qiyinlashib bormoqda antisemitizm va Natsist Berg, Webern va boshqalarning musiqasini qoralagan madaniy mafkura.[8] Hatto yahudiy bo'lgan kishi bilan aloqada bo'lish tanqidga olib kelishi mumkin edi va Berg yahudiy bastakori bilan o'qigan edi Arnold Shoenberg.[9] Vozek 'Bu muvaffaqiyat qisqa vaqt ichida teatr siyosiy bosimga berilib, uni namoyish etishdan bosh tortgandan keyin davom etdi. Erix Kleyber 1932 yil 30-noyabrdagi ishlab chiqarish oxirgi bo'lib, to'plamlar va manzaralar muntazam ravishda yo'q qilindi.[10] Vozek da taqiqlangan edi Sovet Ittifoqi "burjua" sifatida.[11] Berg o'z asarini Germaniyada ijro etish imkoniyatlari juda kamaydi va 1935 yil sentyabr oyida uning musiqasi paydo bo'ldi ta'qiqlangan kabi Entartete Musik (degeneratsiya musiqasi ) yorliq ostida Kulturbolschewismus (Madaniy bolshevizm ).[12][13][11]

Ushbu shartlarga qaramay, Berg hisob bo'yicha ishladi Lulu uning uyida yolg'izlikda Valdxaus, yilda Karintiya. 1934 yil bahorida u o'rgangan Wilhelm Furtwängler ishlab chiqarish Lulu hozirgi madaniy va siyosiy vaziyatda Berlinda imkonsiz bo'lar edi. Aynan shu paytda u operani hech qachon ijro etilmasligi mumkin bo'lgan taqdirda, operani kontsert to'plamini tayyorlash uchun bir chetga surib qo'ydi va uni uni Lulu Simfoniya. Bu uning edi Symphonische Stücke aus der Oper "Lulu" (Lulu Suite) soprano va orkestr uchun.[14] Keyinchalik Erix Kleiber ushbu asarni ijro etdi Berlin davlat operasi 30 noyabrda va tinglovchilarning ayrim qismlari tomonidan qizg'in kutib olinishiga qaramay, hukumat tomonidan keyingi qoralash Kleyberning to'rt kun o'tib iste'foga chiqishiga va keyinchalik Germaniyadan ketishiga sabab bo'ldi.[11] Kabi davriy nashrlarning reaktsiyasi Die Musik va Zeitschrift für Musik nihoyatda dushman edi.[15] Bir necha kundan keyin, 7 dekabr kuni Gebbels tenglashtiruvchi nutq so'zladi nomuvofiqlik "yahudiylarning intellektual infektsiyasi" bilan, 1935 yil yanvar sonida Die Musik suite haqida maqbul narsa yozgan har qanday sharhlovchini ishdan bo'shatishni taklif qildi.[16]

1935 yil yanvar oyida Rossiyada tug'ilgan amerikalik skripkachi Lui Krasner AQShda Bergning ishini qo'llab-quvvatlagan, skripka kontsertini topshirish uchun Berga murojaat qilgan. Berg chetga surishni istamadi Lulu buning uchun, ammo pul (1500 dollar) mamnuniyat bilan kutib olindi, chunki Berg moliyaviy qiyinchiliklarga duch keldi, moliyaviy va badiiy jihatdan vayron bo'ldi. Reyxskulturkammer (Natsistlar madaniy qo'mitasi). Avvaliga faqat taxminiy kelishuv bor edi, ammo mart oyining oxirida u Krasnerga uni yozishini aytdi va dastlabki ishlarni boshladi. Ammo bu o'n sakkiz yoshli bolaning fojiali o'limi edi Manon Gropius (qizi Valter Gropius va Alma Mahler, Berglar uni o'z qizi deb bilgan) 22 aprelda Bergni chetga surishga undagan Lulu unga bag'ishlagan kontsert uchun. The skripka kontserti o'sha yilning aprel va avgust oylari orasida tezkorlik bilan yakunlandi, ammo u sarflagan vaqti 24 dekabrda to'satdan vafot etishidan oldin operani yakunlay olmaganligini anglatadi.[17] [18][5] [19]

Uchinchi va yakuniy aktning quyidagi qismlari to'liq to'plandi: birinchi 268 bar; 1 va 2-sahnalar orasidagi instrumental intermediya; va opera finali, grafinya Gesvits monologidan boshlanadi. (Ushbu qismlarning oxirgi ikkitasi to'rtinchi va beshinchi harakatlarni o'z ichiga oladi Lulu Suite Berg kontsertni ijro etish uchun to'plagan.) qolgan ish qolgan qisqa ball ko'rsatkichlari bilan asbobsozlik ko'p qismi uchun. Berg simfonik asarlarni BBC radiosida eshitgan Qirolicha zali, London, 1935 yil 20 martda Sir tomonidan olib borilgan Adrian Boult tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Edvard Klark. U birinchi marta har qanday musiqani eshitishi edi Lulu. U bu parchalarni o'limidan ikki hafta oldin, 11 dekabr kuni Venada bo'lib o'tgan kontsertigacha jonli ijroda eshitmagan edi.[20][21]

Rollar

Rol[22]Ovoz turi yoki Fach[22]Tsyurix Opera premyerasi,[23]
2 aktli versiya,
1937 yil 2-iyun
(Supero'tkazuvchilar: Robert Denzler )
Parij Opéra premyerasi,[23][24]
3 aktli versiya,
1979 yil 24 fevral
(Dirijyor: Per Bules)
Lulu, sobiq o'spirin ko'cha kirpi[25]Xoxer SopranBahrija Nuri XadjichTereza Stratas
Grafinya Marta GesvitsDramatischer MezzosopranMariya BernxardIvonne Minton
Teatr kiyimi (Eine teatri-Garderobiere) (1-akt)
Maktab o'quvchisi (Eyn gimnaziyasi) (2-akt)
Bob, valet (Eyn kuyov) (3-akt)
AltFrida Kurz
Erika Feyhtinger
-
Xanna Shvarts
Valter Shvarts, rassom (Der Maler), Luluning ikkinchi eri (1-akt)
Negr (3-akt)
Lyrischer TenorPol Feher
-
Robert Tear
Doktor Lyudvig Shon, (Chefredakteur), gazeta muharriri (Havoriylar 1 va 2)
Ripper Jek (3-akt)
HeldenbaritonAsger Stig
-
Frants Mazura
Alva, Doktor Shonning o'g'li, bastakorYugendlicher HeldentenorPiter BaxevanosKennet Riegel
Shigolch, keksa odamHoher CharakterbassFritz XonischToni Blankenxaym
Doktor Goll (Der Medizinalrat - Tibbiy xodim), Luluning birinchi eriaytilganPiter PoschlToni Blankenxaym
Hayvonlarni tamirlovchi (Tierbändiger) (Prolog)
Rodrigo, (Eyn Atlet), sportchi[a] (Havoriylar 2 va 3)
Heldenbass mit Buffo-EinschlagAlbert EmmerichGerd Nienstedt
Shahzoda, Afrikada sayohat qilgan /
Xizmatkor /
Markiz
Tenor-BuffoOskar Morvald (Markizning roli 1937 yilda aytilmagan)Helmut Pampuch
Teatr menejeriBass-Buffo (tief)Valter FrankJyul Bastin
Professor
Masxaraboz
Sahna asari
jimLe Nain Roberto
O'n besh yoshli qizOpernsoubretteDaniele Chlostava
Uning onasiAltUrsula boese
Ayol rassomMezzosopranAnna Ringart
BankirHoher BassJyul Bastin
JurnalistXoxer BaritonKlod Meloni
Politsiya komissariaytilganToni Blankenxaym
XizmatkorTiefer BaritonPer-Iv Le Mayqat
Pianinochi, sahna menejeri, shahzodaning xizmatchilari, politsiyachilar, hamshiralar, sardastalar, raqqosalar, ziyofat mehmonlari, xizmatchilar, ishchilar

Berg bir qator aktyorlar guruhi bir nechta rolni bajarishi kerakligini ta'kidladi. Shunday qilib, Luluning uchta erining qo'shiqchilari fohishalik paytida uning mijozi sifatida qaytib kelishadi: bittadan ijrochi doktor va professor, rassom va negr va doktor Shyon va Jek Ripper sifatida namoyon bo'ladi. Belgilangan boshqa kombinatsiyalar - Dresser, Schoolboy va Kuyov kabi mezzo-soprano; shahzoda, Manservant va Markiz kabi bitta tenor; bir bosh hayvonlarni tamerlovchi va sportchi sifatida, boshqasi esa teatr menejeri va bankir sifatida. Aktyorlar ro'yxatining Wedekindning asl nusxasidan farq qiladigan yana bir jihati shundaki, bu ikki spektakldagi barcha obrazlar munosib nom olgan. Berg Lulu, Shon, Alva, Geschvits va Shigolxning beshta asosiy rollaridan tashqari bu ismlarning barchasini olib tashladi. Ba'zan Wedekindning ba'zi boshqa ismlari Bergning belgilariga nisbatan qo'llanilgan: masalan, sportchi ko'pincha "Rodrigo Kvast" deb nomlanadi, ammo bu nom hech qaerda topilmagan.

Sinopsis

Bu 19-asr oxiri Vena. Lulu shifokor Doktor Gollga uylangan. Nelly ismini olgan Luluning portreti o'zini sevgan rassom Uolter Shvarts tomonidan chizilgan. Doktor Lyudvig Shon, gazeta muharriri va beva ayol va uning o'g'li Alva, bastakor. Rassom Luluni ta'qib qilayotganida, ular o'limga olib keladigan qon tomiriga duchor bo'lgan eridan hayratda. Lulu Shvartsga uylanadi va ular doktor Shyonning yordami bilan gullab-yashnaydilar. Ammo Lulu Shonning unashtirilganligini bilib, tashvishlanmoqda. Ikkinchisi unga tashrif buyuradi va uni ko'chadan qanday qilib olib ketganini va qanday qilib uni tarbiyalaganligini ochib beradi, lekin ular munosabatda bo'lishgan. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, keksa tilanchi Shigolch uning otasi. Shon Shvartsga Luluning o'tmishi haqida gapirganda, u dahshatga tushib, o'zini o'ldiradi. Keyin Shon Luluni sahnaga qo'yadi, u erda u kelinining ustidan sahna yaratadi va uni unashtirishni buzgan holda xat yozishga majbur qiladi. Lulu o'z muxlislariga hasad qiladigan Shonga uylanadi, ular orasida juda ko'p, shu jumladan lesbiyan grafinya Geschvits va uning o'g'li Alva, Lulu o'zining birinchi xotinini zaharlaganini bilib, tinglagan. U unga qurol berib, o'zini otishni buyuradi. Buning o'rniga u uni o'ldirdi, buning uchun u sudlanmoqda va qamoqqa tashlandi, lekin u grafinya Geschvits bilan joy almashgandan keyin qochishga intilmoqda. Alva va Lulu Parijga qochib ketishadi, u erda yana bir bor qashshoq, Londonga qochishadi, u erda Lulu ko'chalarda ishlashga majbur, lekin uni o'ldirgan Jek Ripperni uyiga olib keladi.[26]

(Sahna yo'nalishlari va kursivdagi musiqiy notalar)

Prolog

Qo'lda qamchi bilan parda ortidan hayvon tamerasi paydo bo'ladi

A sirk hayvon tamerasi tomoshabinlarni qabul qiladi, Hereinspaziert menagerie-da (Menageryaga kiring) va undagi turli xil hayvonlarni tasvirlab bering menagerie, masalan, yo'lbarslar, ayiqlar va maymunlar. U pardani ko'tarib, ilonni olib kelishga chaqiradi. Sahna qo'li Luluni ijro etadi (Lulu motifi) kiyingan Pierrot, hayvonlarni tamg'alovchi uni Muqaddas Kitobda yovuzlik manbai, qotillikka sabab bo'lgan deb ta'riflagan bo'lsa-da, Sie ward geschaffen, Unheil anzustiften ... Zu morden - ohne dass es einer spürt. (U yaratildi, yovuzlik ... qotillikka undash - hech qanday iz qoldirmasdan) va unga buyruq berib, tinglovchilarni nima bo'lishini ko'rishga taklif qildi. Keyin u 1-sahnada ko'tarilgan parda orqasida nafaqaga chiqadi.

1-harakat

1-sahna: Keng, ammo eskirgan rassomlar studiyasi. Podium, katlama ekran, Luluning qurilishi tugallanmagan portreti bilan molbert, yo'lbars terisiga o'ralgan divan, zinapoya va haykal. Lulu shohsupada, o'zini cho'ponning qiyshig'ini ushlab, Pierrot kabi ko'rsatmoqda

Rassom Luluning portretini chizmoqda. Doktor Shon tomosha qilmoqda va unga o'g'li Alva ham qo'shilgan. U o'zini oqlamoqda, chunki u mashg'ulotga borishi kerak va u va doktor Shon ketishadi. Rassom Lulu bilan yolg'iz o'zi unga pas uzatadi. Dastlab u uni rad etdi, chunki u studiyani aylanib yurdi (kanon, Lulu motifidan boshlanadi: Gnädige Frau ... Frau Medizinalrat - Bu erda juda ko'p narsa bor!; Eng aziz xonim ... Frau Medizinalrat - Kim buni tasavvur qilgan bo'lar edi!), Bu vaqtda narvon yiqilib, haykal buziladi. Bir bosqichda, u unga ham murojaat qiladi Eva. U erini kutayotganini tushuntiradi. Oxir-oqibat u uning yutuqlariga bo'ysunadi. Rassom studiya eshigini qulflab qo'ygan va doktor Goll kelganda hayratda qoladi. Biroq, u eshikni sindirishga muvaffaq bo'ldi va Lulu va rassomni topgach, qon tomiridan vafot etdi. Dastlab ular erining o'lganini sezmaydilar va u shifokorni chaqirish uchun ketadi. Lulu erining jasadi bilan yolg'iz, (canzonetta: Auf einmal springt er auf; Bir lahzada u hayotga qaytadi). U o'lganini qabul qilganda, u endi boy ekanligini aks ettiradi, rassomning dahshati, Jetzt bin ich reich - Es ist grauenerregend (Endi men boyman - Qanday isyon ko'targan). Ular duetni kuylashadi, unda u o'z e'tiqodiga savol beradi va javob har doim bir xil, Eine Frage: Kannst Du die Wahrheit sagen? - Ich weiss es nicht (Savol: Siz haqiqatni ayta olasizmi? - Bilmayman). Lulu ko'cha kiyimini almashtirayotganda, rassom erining jasadiga murojaat qiladi (arioso: Ich mo'chte tauschen mit Dir, Du Toter! Ich geb sie Dir zurück; O'lik odam, men siz bilan joylarni savdo qilardim. Men uni sizga qaytarib berar edim).

Interlude

2-sahna: Luluning kvartirasidagi nafis mehmon xonasi, narigi studiya, uning devorda tugagan portreti. Lulu, peshtaxtada uning qo'l oynasiga qarab turibdi

Rassom pochta bilan kirib, yana unga Momo Havo deb murojaat qildi. Pochta orqali u o'zining yana bir rasmini sotganini bilib, ular turmush qurganlaridan beri bir qator rasmlarini sotganligini eslatib o'tdilar. U bitta, grafinya Korticellining xatini ko'kragiga joylashtiradi. Boshqasi doktor Shonning unashtirganligi haqida xabar beradi, bu esa uni qiynayotganga o'xshaydi. Ular muhabbatni kuylashadi duettino, Ich finde, Du siehst heute reizend aus - Ich komme aus dem Bad (Bugun men sizni juda chiroyli deb bilaman - men hammomdan keldim). Unga Shigolch tashrif buyurdi, u rassomning so'zlarini aytdi (kamera musiqasi, Den hab'ich mir auch ganz anders vorgestellt; U o'zidan farq qiladi deb o'yladim). Shigolx - bu o'tmishda noma'lum tarzda namoyish etilgan astmatik tilanchi, u unga beradigan pulini so'raydi va uni "lulu" deb ataganida, u uzoq vaqtdan beri bunday nomlanmaganligini aytadi. Uni ko'rsatayotganda doktor Shyon keladi (sonata harakati) va uni taniydi, uni Luluning otasi deb ataydi, u buni rad etmaydi.[b] Doktor Shon Luludan bundan buyon hayotidan chetda qolishini so'raydi, chunki u unashtirilgan va ular bir-birlarini ijtimoiy jihatdan ko'rishlari uchun janjalli bo'lar edi, lekin u faqat unga tegishli ekanligini aytdi (coda: sevgi mavzusi. Wenn ich einem Menschen auf dieser Welt angehöre, gehöre ich Ihnen; Agar men bu dunyoda biron bir odamga tegishli bo'lsam, men sizga tegishliman). Ularning munozarasi shuni ko'rsatadiki, Lulu boshidan kechirgan barcha omadlar Shyonning aralashuvidan kelib chiqadi va ular muntazam ravishda uchrashib turishgan. Nima sodir bo'lganligini so'ragan rassom qaytib kelguncha, almashinuv tobora kuchayib boradi. Lulu xafa bo'lib ketmoqda, Shon esa Luluni o'n ikki yoshidan beri uzoq vaqtdan beri ishqiy munosabatda bo'lganligini va uni gul sotuvchisi sifatida ko'chadan qutqarganini nazarda tutadi. Har bir sevgilisi uchun har xil ko'rinadigan Lulu haqida, hatto uning ismini ham bilmasligini bilib, rassom tobora ko'proq bezovtalanmoqda. Shyon unga Shigolxning otasi bo'lganligi va uning rafiqasi vafotidan keyin Lulu uning o'rnini egallashga urinib ko'rganligi sababli uni doktor Gollga uylantirishni uyushtirgani haqida xabar beradi. Shön tobora ko'proq rassomni Luliga qarshi chiqishga undaydi, u o'zi rozi bo'lib xonadan chiqib ketmoqda, ammo sahnadan dahshatli nola eshitiladi va Shon rassom eshikni qulflab qo'yganini aniqlaydi. Lulu qaytib keladi va ular bundan keyin nima qilishni muhokama qilishadi, lekin Alvaning kelishi bilan to'xtatiladi, u Parij ko'chalarida inqilob boshlanganini e'lon qiladi va bu gazeta ofisida hayratga sabab bo'ladi. Lulu xetta olib keladi va ular eshikni kuch bilan ochishadi, faqat rassom o'lganini topishadi. Shyonning politsiya bilan aloqasi bo'lgan qisman eshitiladigan telefon suhbatidan rassomning tomog'ini kesib tashlaganligi aniqlandi. Lulu yana bir bor ushbu fojiani hayratda qoldirmadi, Shon va Alva siyosiy yangiliklar janjalni chetlab o'tishiga umid qilmoqda. Shon uni chaqirganda Ungeheuer! (Monster!), Lulu u va doktor Shyon oxir-oqibat turmushga chiqishini ta'kidlamoqda (Lulu motifi: Sie heiraten mich ja doch!; Axir menga uylanasan). Eshik qo'ng'irog'i chalinishi bilan parda tushadi, ular politsiya deb hisoblashadi.

Interlude (Sevgi mavzusi)

3-sahna: Luluning teatrdagi kiyinish xonasida yuqoridagi katlama ekran, Lulu portretining afishasi

Lulu ekran ortida o'zgarib turadi, Alva shampan quymoqda. Ikkalasi Shonning o'sha kecha kelishini va uni Afrikaga olib ketmoqchi bo'lgan shahzodani muhokama qiladi. Alva onasining o'limini va Luluning o'rnini egallashiga qanday umid qilganini eslaydi, Lulu esa otasi uni kimdir boylar unga uylanib, qo'lidan olib qo'yadi degan umidda uni sahnaga qo'yganini kuzatadi. Lulu balet libosida paydo bo'ladi, Alva muloyim ko'rinadi va ular ichishadi. Qo'ng'iroq ovozi bilan Lulu sahnaga chiqish uchun ketadi. Alva uning ketishini tomosha qiladi va keyin Luluning hayoti asosida opera yozishni o'ylaydi, lekin u sahnalarni namoyish qilar ekan, ular juda dahshatli degan xulosaga keladi. Qarsaklar eshitilib, shahzoda kirib Luliga uylanish istagini ochib beradi. Ko'rinib turibdiki, uning to'satdan shuhrat qozonishi Shon tomonidan nashr etilgan ijobiy sharhlar bilan bog'liq. To'satdan qo'ng'iroq tinimsiz chalina boshlaydi va sahnadan g'alayon eshitiladi. Alva cho'chib ko'rinadi va Lulu to'satdan kirib, o'zini stulga o'tirgancha, ortidan kiyinish xonasi va teatr menejeri hushidan ketganini tushuntiradi. Buning sababi, Shyonni kelini bilan ko'rganligi, Mit seiner Braut! (Kelini bilan!) Qaerga Shon o'zi kiradi va Lulu davom etishni rad etadi, chunki kelini tomoshabinlar orasida. Hammasi Luluni sekstetda sahnaga qaytishga ishontirishga harakat qilishadi Das hättest Du Dir besser erspart! (Buni o'zingiz ham tejashingiz mumkin edi!), Keyin Shon Luluni va o'zini yolg'iz qoldirib, kompaniyani ishdan bo'shatadi. U unga nasihat qiladi, Wie kannst Du die Szene gegen mich ausspielen? (bu sahnani qanday qilib meni olish uchun o'ynashingiz mumkin?), ular tortishishadi va u uni shahzoda va ularning munosabatlarini buzishga qodir emasligi bilan haqorat qiladi. Ko'rinib turibdiki, u ikki ayol o'rtasida bo'lib qolgan va u zaifligidan foydalanishni boshlaydi, va u o'z buyrug'iga binoan xat yozishga majbur qiladi va xatni buzadi (Let duet: Sehr geehrtes Fräulein…; Eng hurmatli Fräulein ...). Shon yaqinlashib kelayotgan azob tuyg'ularini bildiradi, Jetzt - kommt - o'lish Hinrichtung ... (Endi keladi - ijro) va Lulu maqsadiga erishib, sahnaga qaytishga tayyorlanmoqda

2-akt

1-sahna: Luluning uyida, Germaniyaning Uyg'onish davri uslubidagi ajoyib xonasi, galereyasi va zinapoyasi bilan. Kamin oldida katlamali xitoycha ekran. Yana Luluning portretini bu safar molbertda ko'rish mumkin. Lulu ertalabki ko'ylakda kresloda, grafinya Geschvits Usmonlida, erkaklar kiyimida, yuzi yopingan. Doktor Shon turibdi

Hozir Shonga uylangan Luluning muxlisi grafinya Geschvits uni to'pga taklif qilish uchun tashrif buyurmoqda. U gullar olib keldi va uni portreti bilan maqtab, o'zini o'zi bo'yashni xohlaydi. Shon aniq noqulay va Lulu Geschvitsni ko'rsatmoqda. Shyon yolg'iz o'zi bezovtalangan va hasadgo'y bo'lib ko'rinadi va aqldan ozish haqida gapiradi revolver, Der Irrsinn hat sich meiner Vernunft schon bemächtigt (Jinnilik allaqachon mening sabablarimni yutib chiqqan). Qaytishda Lulu Shonni tushdan keyin dam olishga va u bilan birga sayr qilishga borishga ishontirishga harakat qilmoqda (kavatina: Könntest Du Dich für heute Nachmittag nicht freimachen?; Bugun tushdan keyin bepul qilolmaysizmi?), Lekin u o'z vaqtida kelishi kerakligini ta'kidladi Fond birjasi. Lulu Shonga mehr-muhabbat ko'rsatishni boshlaydi va ular yotoqxonaga kirib ketishadi, Geschvits uyga kirib, ekran ortiga yashiringan. Shigolch va yana ikki muxlis - mashaqqatli maktab o'quvchisini ko'tarib yurgan sportchi (ayol o'ynagan, ya'ni a travesti roli), barchasi kiradi. Shigolchning aytishicha, u uyda ham yashaydi va ular uni Lulu bilan birga qoldirish uchun unga pul to'lashgan, keyin u yana paydo bo'ladi. U to'p uchun kiyingan, dekolte ko'kraklari orkide bilan. U maktab o'quvchisiga yonboshlab, uni gullarning hidini sezishga undadi. U ketayotganda ular chet elga ketgan Shahzodani muhokama qilishni boshlaydilar (kanon: Er hat sie nämlich ursprünglich heiraten wollen; Shigolch u boshqa dunyo singari Luluga uylanishni xohlashini aytdi Wer hat sie nicht ursprünglich heiraten wollen! (U har doim ham unga uylanishni xohlamagan!), Lulu uning qizi emasligini tushuntirib bergani kabi, hammalari bir fikrda.

Lulu qaytgach, u ham hech qachon otasi bo'lmaganiga rozi bo'ladi. Ular almashinuv uchun ketgan Shon va Lulu uni nimaga tegishli deb bilishadi Verfolgungsvaxn (paranoya ), lekin xizmatkor qaytib kelganini e'lon qiladi va Shigolx ketishni boshlagan paytda sportchi va maktab o'quvchisi ham yashirinishadi. Ammo otasi emas, Alva kiradi. U o'tirib, suhbatlashish va noz-ne'mat qilishni boshlaganda u ichimliklar buyuradi. Shon sezilmasdan kirib, o'g'lini ko'radi va u ham yashirinadi. Ularning suhbati yanada qizg'inlashadi va Alva Luluni sevishini bildiradi, Liebst Du mich Mignon? (Mignon, siz meni yaxshi ko'rasizmi?), Boshini tizzasiga ko'mib. Shu payt Lulu Alvaga onasini zaharlaganini tan oladi. Ayni paytda, er-xotinning e'tiboridan chetda qolgan Shon sportchini ko'radi va uning revolverini tortadi, lekin sportchi Alvoni o'ldirishi kerakligini ko'rsatib, yana yashiradi, ammo shu paytgacha Lulu ularni payqab, borligini e'lon qiladi.

Shon o'zini ochib beradi, yana bir bor Parijdagi inqilobni e'lon qiladi, qo'lida gazeta va Alvani sudrab olib boradi. Sportchi qisqa vaqt ichida qo'lida revolver bo'lgan Shon tomonidan ta'qib qilingan. Shon sportchining qochib ketganiga ishonib, Luluni ta'qib qilishni boshlaydi (ariya beshta qoqiqlar: Du Kreatur, die mich durch den Strassenkot zum Martertode schleift!; Siz meni ko'cha ichidagi najaslar orqali shahidlikka tortib olayapsizmi!), Revolverni xavotirsiz ko'rinadigan Luluga berib, Alvani o'ldirmasdan oldin o'zini o'ldirishi kerakligini anglatmoqda. U revolverni unga qaratdi, lekin uning o'rniga shiftga o't qo'ydi. Borgan sari g'azablanib, Shön revolverni qo'lga kiritadi va Luluning sevishganlarini qidirib uyni qidirishni boshlaydi, lekin u boshqa xonada yashirgan Geshvitsni topadi. Yana u Luluga qurol beradi, uning o'z joniga qasd qilish uning obro'sini a deb hisoblashdan xalos qiladi cuckold, meine Stirn zu verzieren (bezash uchun boshim) - ya'ni shoxlar bilan. Lulu qo'shiq aytadi Yolg'on der Lulu (Wenn sich die Menschen um meinetwillen umgebracht haben; Erkaklar men uchun o'ldirganlarida), u ajrashishni so'raydi, u faqat bo'lishi mumkin deb aytadi al ich ich edi (men nima).[c] Shyon faqat uni o'ldirib, uni o'z joniga qasd qilishga o'xshatib, tizzalariga majburlab, qurolni qo'lida ushlab turgan holda unga qarataman deb javob beradi (5-chi strophe: Nieder, Mörderin! Knie ichida!; Qotil, tizzangizga tushing!). Shon maktab o'quvchisining to'satdan paydo bo'lishi bilan bir lahzani chalg'itganda, Lulu qolgan beshta turni unga bo'shatadi. Biroq, u hali ham tirik va yana bir "raqibi" borligini tushunadi, Und - da - ist - noch - einer! (Va - u erda - boshqasi!). U yana paydo bo'lgan o'g'lini chaqiradi, Lulu esa pushaymon bo'lib ko'rinadi va keyin u vafot etadi. Lulu ketishga ketadi, ammo Alva uning yo'lini to'sadi. U undan voz kechmasligini iltimos qiladi (arietta: Du kannst mich nicht dem Gericht ausliefern!; Siz meni Qonunga bo'ysundira olmaysiz!), Uning hayoti davomida unga bo'lishni taklif qilganiga qaramay, u buni rad etadi, Le will leben lang (Men butun umrim davomida senga sodiq qolaman). Yana bir bor eshik qo'ng'irog'i politsiya kelganini e'lon qiladi.

A shaklidagi intermediya jim film. Ham film, ham musiqiy akkompaniment a shaklida palindrom. Filmda Luluning bir yillik qamoq muddati va qamoqdan keyingi to'rttasi palindromni shakllantirgan to'rtta asosiy voqealar tasvirlangan. Birinchi ketma-ketlikda hibsga olish, hibsga olish, sud jarayoni va qamoqxona eshigi yopilishi ko'rsatilgan. Ikkinchi ketma-ketlikda aksincha qamoqxona eshigi ochilishi, tibbiy baho, kasalxonadagi izolyatsiya xonasi va uning qochishi ko'rsatilgan. Har bir ko'zgu tadbirida ishtirok etganlar soni bir xil, masalan, uch kishi uni hibsga oladi va uch kishi uni ozod qiladi. Palindrom rivojlanib borgan sari Lulu hibsga olishga umidini yo'qotadi, sudga tortiladi va qamoqqa o'tkaziladi va u erda taqdiri uchun iste'foga chiqadi. U shartnoma tuzganida umid qaytadi vabo va shifokorlar tomonidan o'tkazilgan navbatdagi "sud" kasalxonaga ko'chirilgach, Geschvits unga tashrif buyurganida umid kuchayadi, ular kiyimlarini almashtiradilar va Lulu boshqa ayol qiyofasida yashirinib qochadi. Palindrom paytida qamoqdan oldin va keyin ko'plab tafsilotlar va ramzlar bir-biriga mos keladi, shu jumladan Lulu portreti, takrorlanadigan ingl. motif opera davomida.

Sahna 2: Bir yil o'tib, sahna 1 bilan bir xil joyda, qarovsiz havo, kunduzgi yorug'lik o'chirildi. Portret endi kaminga suyanib, tomoshabinlardan yuz o'girgan,

Grafinya Geschvits, Alva va sportchi Shigolchni kutishmoqda va qochish rejasini muhokama qilishmoqda. Sportchi Alvanikidek kiyingan piyoda va Luliga uylanib, uni Parijga akrobat sifatida olib ketishni rejalashtirmoqda. Geschvits zaif ko'rinadi va Luluning kasalxonada o'rnini egallaydi. U qochishni moliyalashtiradi, ammo Alvaning moliyaviy yordam taklifini rad etadi. U kechgacha uning qochib ketganligini hech kim bilib olmasligi uchun u Luluning o'rnini egallab, o'z erkinligini qurbon qilmoqchi. Shigolch kelgach, Geshvits bilan kasalxonaga jo'nab ketishadi, qolgan ikki kishi esa o'z rejalarini muhokama qilishadi. Alva gazetani sotdi va Luluga rol o'ynashi uchun melodrama yozdi. Ular pul yuzasidan tortishishni boshladilar, ammo maktab o'quvchisi ularni to'xtatdi (kamera musiqasi II, Mit wem habe ich; Men hanuz qamoqdan chiqqan va Luluni ozod qilish sxemasini ishlab chiqqan kim bilan. Alva va sportchi unga Lulining o'lgani haqida yolg'on gapirishadi va unga kasalligi haqidagi gazetadagi maqolani ko'rsatib, keyin uni tashlab yuborishadi. Shigolch Lulu bilan birga keladi (melodrama: Xu, kleyne Lulu: - Grenzeni o'ldirasiz; Xo'sh, kichkina Lulu: biz bugun chegaradan o'tib ketishimiz kerak), uning kasalligi juda zaif va zaif ko'rinishga ega. Sportchi uni bu holatda ko'rganidan jirkanadi, rejasidan voz kechadi va o'rniga politsiyani chaqiraman deb ketadi. Shigolch poezd chiptalarini sotib olishga ketadi va nogiron rolini o'ynagan Luluni ketishi bilan darhol tiklanadi. Endi Alva bilan yolg'iz qoldi, u fitnani batafsil tushuntirib berdi. Geschvits Vamburgiya kasallarini emizish uchun Gamburgga bordi va ataylab o'zini va Luluni ifloslangan kiyim bilan yuqtirdi, shunda ikkalasi ham izolyatsiya xonasiga joylashtirildi. Geschvits bo'shatilgandan so'ng u Luluni ziyorat qilishga qaytib keldi va ular joylarini o'zgartirdilar (melodrama: Jetzt liegt sie dort drüben als Mörderin des Doktor Schön vafot etadi; Endi u u erda doktor Shyonning qotili sifatida yotadi), Lulu esa sportchidan qutulish uchun yaroqsizlikni tan oldi. Endi Alva bilan yolg'iz portret molbertga qaytariladi va Lulu tayyor Alvani yana bir bor aldash uchun davom etadi. Ular bir-birlariga bo'lgan muhabbatlarini ikkinchi sevgi duetida e'lon qilishadi, uns sehen, sot wir wollen (bir-birimizni xohlagancha tez-tez ko'rish uchun) Alvaning Lulu madhiyasi bilan o'zining eng yuqori nuqtasiga yetdi (madhiya: Durch vafot etdi Kleid empfinde ich Deinen Wuchs wie Musik; Ushbu kiyim orqali men sizning tanangizni musiqa kabi his qilaman), va birgalikda ketishga kelishib, rejalar tuzaman. Duet va sahna oxirida u undan so'raydi, Ist das noch der Diwan, - auf dem sich - dein Vater - verblutet shapka? (Bu sizning otangiz qon to'kkan divan emasmi?).

3-harakat

1-sahna: Luluning Parijdagi hashamatli uyidagi keng zal. Luluning portreti devorga osilgan. Mehmonlar yig'ilgan

Lulu Parijda frantsuz grafiniyasi taxallusi ostida yashaydi, Luluning uyida katta tug'ilgan kun kechasi bo'lib o'tmoqda va turmush qurmoqchi bo'lgan sportchi unga tost taklif qildi. Markiz o'n besh yoshli qizga g'ayrioddiy qiziqishni namoyish etadi. Mehmonlar o'ynash uchun o'yin xonasiga ko'chib o'tishadi bakkarat. Suhbat Jungfrau temir yo'lidagi aksiyalarni muhokama qilishga o'tadi, ular ziyofatda ko'pchilik mehmonlar turli darajaga sarmoya kiritgan va o'zlarini juda yaxshi namoyish qilmoqdalar.

Markiz Luluning haqiqiy kimligini kashf etdi va shunday shantaj qilish u (duet:Sag es nur gleich heraus, wieviel du haben willst; Menga kechiktirmasdan ayting, qancha pul xohlaysiz), uni rasmiylarga topshirish bilan qo'rqitib. U ilgari ishqiy munosabatda bo'lgan, o'zini unga taklif qiladi, lekin uning qiziqishlari ko'proq bog'liqdir odam savdosi uchun ayollar va qizlar tijorat jinsiy ekspluatatsiyasi, Lied des Mächenhändlers: Ich sagte dir doch, daß ich auch Mächenhändler bin (odam taffikerining qo'shig'i: Men sizga aytdim, men a oq qul savdogari ). Shunga qaramay, Lulu o'zining kimligi va qanday bo'lib qolganligi haqida qo'shiq aytadi, xuddi II Yolg'on aktida bo'lgani kabi; Ich tauge nicht für diesen Beruf. Als ich fünfzehn Jahre alt war, hätte mir das gefallen können (Men bunday ishlarga yaramayman, o'n besh yoshimda bu boshqacha edi, men bundan zavqlanishim mumkin edi). Markiz u ko'chada turgan politsiyachini chaqirib, uni qo'lga olganligi uchun mukofot talab qilishi mumkinligini aytdi, ammo uni Qohiraga sotish orqali ancha yuqori narxga ega bo'lishi mumkin edi fohishaxona u Momo Havo singari portretining rasmini kimga yuborgan. U unga to'lashni taklif qiladi, ammo u Alvaning boyligi temir yo'l aktsiyalarida ekanligini biladi va u naqd pul olishni istaydi va shu kunning o'zida unga muddat beradi. U Markiz unga duch kelishidan oldin sportchi unga topshirgan yozuvni o'qiydi va u ham uni shantaj qilmoqchi ekanligini biladi. Geschvits uni kasalxonada bo'lganida Luliga ko'rsatgan iltifot va mehrini qaytarmaganlikda ayblamoqda. Sportchi qaytib kelib, Luluning mehr-muhabbatiga hali ham qiziqishini va shuningdek, unga muhlat berganligini aniq ko'rsatib beradi, duet: Eynen Moment! Hast du meinen Qisqacha ma'lumot? (Bir lahza! Mening yozuvimni o'qidingizmi?). Bankirga temir yo'l aktsiyalari endi befoyda ekanligi to'g'risida telegramma keladi. Shigolch kelganda qiz do'sti uchun pul so'rab (duet: Ich brauche nämlich notwendig Geld ... Ichki hayot meli Geliebten eine Wohnung; Hozir menga bir oz pul kerak, men sevgilim uchun kvartira ijaraga olaman), Lulu umidsizlikka qulab tushadi, lekin unga ishonadi.

Shigolx ham Luluni o'ylab topgan, ammo u uni agar u sportchining o'limini tashkil qila olsa, unga pul beraman, deb ishontiradi, agar u sportchini uyiga kelishiga ko'ndira olsa, qilaman deb aytadi. Markiz sportchidan shubhalanmoqda, ammo u buni rad etmoqda. Keyin Lulu sportchini Geshvits bilan tunab qolsa, u shantaj pulini to'lashi mumkin bo'lgan Luluni to'laydi, deb ishontirishga kirishdi. Keyin u grafinya, agar u tunni sportchi bilan o'tkazsa, o'zini unga beraman deb ishontiradi. Geschvits hayron bo'lsa ham, savdolashishga rozi. Bunga erishgan Lulu valetiga o'girilib, unga o'zi bilan kiyim almashtirishni buyuradi. Temir yo'l qulashi haqidagi xabar kompaniya orqali umuman umidsizlikka tarqaldi. Lulu o'z valeti sifatida kiyinib, Alvaga ularning topilgani va politsiya yo'lda ketayotgani haqida xabar beradi va ular qochib ketishadi. Yana sahna militsiyaning kelishi bilan tugaydi, ular o'zlarining xatolarini tushunishdan oldin valet bilan to'qnash kelishadi.

2-sahna: derazasiz garret Londonda, osmon nuri tushgan. Paqir osmondan yorilib tushayotgan suvni yig'adi. Polda yirtilgan matras. Eshik Luluning yotoqxonasiga olib boradi

Alva va Shigolch o'zlarining qiyin ahvollarini muhokama qilishmoqda. Ular va Lulu hozirda qashshoqlikda va qochqinlikda yashashmoqda. Bu Luluning a sifatida birinchi ish kuni Freydenmädchen (jinsiy aloqa xodimi), ular Alva ikkilangan bo'lsa-da, ular tirikchilik qilishni niyat qilmoqdalar. Luluning birinchi mijozi, professor bilan yaqinlashayotganini eshitganlarida, [d] ular yashirishadi. Professor davomida jim turadi, juda yumshoq va unga saxovat bilan to'laydi. Lulu juda xursand. Grafinya Geschvits, endi shabb bilan kiyingan, keyin u kadrdan olib tashlagan va Parijdan olib kelgan Luluning portreti bilan keladi. Lulu buni ko'rib bezovtalanmoqda, lekin Alva ilhomlanib, uni mijozlarga ma'qul kelishiga ishonib, devorga osib qo'ydi va ular rassomning taqdirini muhokama qilishdi, kvartet: Ihr Körper stand auf dem Höhepunkt (Uning tanasi, eng yuqori cho'qqida edi). Lulu o'zining jozibadorligini isbotlash uchun tashqariga chiqib, Geschvits bilan qoldi. Alva Luluning shartnoma tuzganligini ochib beradi tanosil kasalligi Markizadan va o'z navbatida uni unga uzatdi.

Lulu ikkinchi mijozi negr bilan qaytib keladi,[e] Komm nur shu erda, mening Shats! Komm! (Kiring, sevgilim! Kiring!), U oldindan to'lashni so'raganidan g'azablanib, unga hujum qiladi. Alva o'zini himoya qilishga shoshiladi, lekin negr tomonidan o'ldiriladi, keyin u ketadi, keyin Lulu umidsizlikda, Shigolch esa jasadni olib tashlaydi. Geschvits, Lulu uni jo'natdi, Shigolx esa ketib qoldi, deb qaytib keladi. U qurol ishlab chiqaradi va Luluning to'kishiga ishonib, o'zini o'ldirishni o'ylaydi mir keine Träne nach (not one tear for me), then changes her mind and goes to hang herself, pausing first in reverence before Lulu's portrait. She is interrupted by the entrance of Lulu and her third client, Jack the Ripper.[f] When asked, she says Geschwitz is her crazy sister. Jack makes to leave, saying he has little money and she is asking too much, she pleads with him and they haggle over the price, while she reveals it is her first day on the job, as he suspected. He also guesses the true nature of Geschwitz's feelings for Lulu. Lulu says she is drawn to Jack and eventually offers to give herself to him without payment. They go into the bedroom. Geschwitz, left to herself, resolves to return to Germany to become a lawyer and work for women's rights. On hearing Lulu's screams, she rushes to the bedroom door but Jack emerges with a blood-stained knife that he plunges into her body, and she collapses. Jack calmly washes his hands in the basin, not believing his luck at having killed two women at once, Ich bin doch ein verdammter Glückspilz! (I am just the luckiest of men!), complains about the lack of a towel and leaves. In her dying breath Geschwitz declares her eternal love for Lulu, Lulu! Mein Engel! Laß dich noch einmal sehn! Ich bin dir nah! Bleibe dir nah! In Ewigkeit! (Lulu! My Angel! Let me see you one more time! I am close! Stay close! For eternity!).[27][24][23][26]

Tahlil

Dramatik

The character of Lulu has been described as embodying both elements of female sexuality's dualism, er-ona va fohisha.[iqtibos kerak ] So'zlari bilan Karl Kraus, she is the woman "who became the destroyer of all because everyone destroyed her".[5] Berg's involvement with the lower depths of society in his two dramatic works, Vozek va Lulu, surprised even Shoenberg.[iqtibos kerak ] Yoqdi Vozek, Lulu is social criticism, a tragedy in which the protagonists are portrayed as victims, gradually becoming enslaved to social forces they are too weak to deal with. Palindromes in the piece take many forms, such as the rise and fall of Lulu and the recycling of the actors: the three men whose deaths she contributes become Lulu's three clients, and the man she murdered murders her. Alwa, thought to be the antithesis of Lulu, was changed from Wedekind's dramatist to Berg's composer and is assumed to be a stand-in for Berg himself. In all cases, the music underscores and confirms Berg's dramatic allusions.[28]

Musiqiy

Asboblar

Pit orkestri
Special groups

The onstage jazz band in Act I, scene iii (instrumentalists can be drawn from the pit players) consists of:[22]

In Act III, scene ii, Cerha's edition uses a small onstage ensemble that requires:

pikkolo
nay
3 klarnetlar Bda
bas klarnet Bda
kontrabasson

Yilda Lulu, Berg introduced the vibraphone into the orchestra of Western art music, an instrument that had been previously solely associated with jazz.[29]

Tuzilishi

Centre-point of the palindrome in act 2

Berg was obsessed with symmetry in his works and Lulu is no exception, the whole being perceived as a palindrome or mirror. Lulu's popularity in the first act is mirrored by the squalor she lives in during act 3, and this is emphasised by Lulu's husbands in act 1 being played by the same singers as her clients in act 3. The motifs associated with each, being repeated.[28]

This mirror-like structure is further emphasised by the film interlude at act 2 at the very centre of the work. The events shown in the film are a miniature version of the mirror structure of the opera as a whole (Lulu enters prison and then leaves again) and the music accompanying the film is an exact palindrom – it reads the same forwards as backwards. The centre-point of this palindrome is indicated by an arpejjio o'ynagan pianino, first rising, then falling (shown here on the top xodimlar ).[28]

Berg assigns specific vocal styles to each character with descriptive orchestral representation, recapitulative episodes to emphasise psychological significance and pitch-sets. Recapitulation includes having single singers performing multiple roles. The use of pitch includes the use of twelve-ohang qatorlari.[28][30][29]

Serializm

Cell z (also one of the basic cells in Bela Bartok "s №4 torli kvartet ) is the basic cell of Lulu and generates trop Men:[31]

The two non-identical forms of trope I, each generated from all even or odd forms of cell z

Garchi ba'zilari Lulu is freely composed, Berg also makes use of his teacher Arnold Schoenberg's o'n ikki tonna texnikasi. Rather than using one ohang qatori for the entire work, however, he gives each character his or her own tone row, meaning that the tone rows act rather like the leytmotivlar yilda Richard Vagner operalari.

Bergniki Lulu basic tone row[32] C da

From this one tone row, Berg derives tone rows for many of the characters. For example, the tone row associated with Lulu herself is: F, G, A, B, C, D, F, D., E, A, B, C. This row is constructed by extracting one note (F) from the basic row's first trichord, then taking the next note (G) from the basic row's second trichord, then taking the third note (A) from the basic row's third trichord, and so on, cycling through the basic row three times.

Bergniki Lulu Alwa tone row[32] C da

The tone row associated with Alwa is arrived at by repeating the basic tone row over and over and taking every seventh note;

Derivation of Alwa series from basic series by taking every seventh note from repetitions of the basic series.[33]

this results in the following tone row: B, F, E, G, F, B, E, D, A, C, C, G

Bergniki Lulu Dr. Schön tone row[32] C da

Similarly, the tone row associated with Dr. Schön is arrived at by repeating the basic tone row (as in the previous example) and taking the first note, missing one note, taking the next, missing two, taking the next, missing three, taking the next, missing three, taking the next, missing two, taking the next, missing one, taking the next, missing one, taking the next, missing two, taking the next, and so on; this results in the following tone row: B, E, G, G, D, F, E, A, B, C, F, C

Bergniki Lulu Schoolboy tone row[32] C da

Posthumous history

Opera birinchi marta Tsyurix operasi in an incomplete form on June 2, 1937.[34][35] Ervin Shteyn made a vocal score of the whole of act 3 following Berg's death, and Helene Berg, Alban's widow, approached Arnold Shoenberg to complete the orchestration. Schoenberg at first accepted, but upon being sent copies of Berg's sketches he changed his mind, saying that it would be a more time-consuming task than he had thought. Helene subsequently forbade anybody else to complete the opera, and for over forty years only the first two acts could be given complete, usually with the act 3 portions of the Lulu Suite played in place of act 3. The last recording made of the original two-act version—Kristof fon Dohnani o'tkazish Vena filarmoniyasi, bilan Anja Silja in the title role (Decca/London, recorded 1976 and released 1978)—presented it in this form.

Director Heinz Ruckert shot the jim film featured at the midpoint according to Berg's exacting specifications. The film wordlessly depicts Lulu's arrest, trial, incarceration, and ultimate liberation thanks to the cunning of the Countess Geschwitz. Like the music for this sequence (and the opera as a whole), the film has a palindromik tuzilishi. The original film is lost save for four stills which remain in the Zürich Stadtarchiv.[36] Each successive production requires a new film to be shot with the stage actors. However, many recent productions omit the film altogether.

Ishlash tarixi

Following the Zürich premiere, the opera was seen at La Fenice on 4 September 1949 during the Venetsiya biennalesi tomonidan o'tkazilgan Sanzogno. Germaniya premerasi o'sha paytda bo'lgan Grillo-Theater yilda Essen on 7 March 1953 with Carla Spletter in the title role, and the Netherlands premiere on July 7 of that year at the Stadsschouwburg in Amsterdam as part of the Holland festivali, ikkalasi bilan Die Bühnen der Stadt Essen tomonidan olib borilgan Gustav König and broadcast to the UK on the BBC 10 avgustda.[34][37] This was followed by a production at Gamburg 1957 yilda Helga Pilarchik a Gyunter Rennert production, conducted by Leopold Lyudvig[23] which was also seen at the Paris Opera in 1960 and La Scala in 1963,[38][39] va Sadler quduqlari 1962.[23]

In its two-act form plus sketches of the third act, Lulu made its American debut at the Santa Fe Opera yilda Nyu-Meksiko during the 1963 season, with the American soprano Joan Kerol in the title role, together with Donald Gramm (Dr Schön), Elaine Bonazzi (Geschwitz), and Jorj Shirli (Alwa) with Robert Kraft dirijyorlik[23][40][o'lik havola ] The Opera's general director, Jon Krosbi, attempted to negotiate for Santa Fe to stage the American premiere of the full three-act opera, but was not successful.[35] A notable Lulu, Silja, made her debut in a Viland Vagner ishlab chiqarish Shtutgart in 1966 (which was later filmed, with Karlos Aleksandr as Dr Schön). 1967 yilda Metropolitan Opera presented the Hamburg State Opera production with Ludwig conducting, Toni Blankenxaym (Schön), Anneliese Rothenberger (Lulu), Kerstin Meyer (Geschwitz), Gerxard Unger (Alwa), Kim Borg (Schigolch) and Mariya fon Ilosvay (Theatre dresser). This production was recorded by Elektrola keyingi yil.[41][42] Celebrated Lulus have included Evelin Lir, Tereza Stratas, Nensi Sade, Karan Armstrong, Yuliya Migenes, Barbara Xannigan, Kristin Schäfer va Marlis Petersen.[38][39][43]

Helene Berg's death in 1976 paved the way for a new completed version of the opera to be made by Fridrix Cerha. There was insufficient time to have the score of this three-act version ready for the first production of the work at the Metropolitan Opera in April 1977 (in a production by Jon Dexter, bilan Carole Farley bosh rolda),[44][35] so the incomplete version had to be used. Published in 1979, the Cerha completion premiered on 24 February the same year at the Opera Garnier and was conducted by Per Bules, with Stratas singing the lead role; the production (by Patris Chéroau ) was a sensation and the recording won the Gramofon mukofoti for 1979.

The US premiere of the complete opera was given on 28 July 1979 at Santa Fe, with Nancy Shade (Lulu), Uilyam Duli (Dr Schön), Ketrin Ciesinski (Geschwitz) and Barry Busse (Alwa).[35][45][o'lik havola ] The Metropolitan Opera first presented it in December 1980, a performance later released on DVD.[23] Their 2015 production, with Marlis Petersen in the title role was broadcast in Yuqori aniqlik 21-noyabr kuni.[46] That production featured projections and animated drawings by Uilyam Kentrij. The same production, with a different cast, also played at De Nationale Opera, Amsterdam (2015), the Ingliz milliy operasi, London in 2016, and the Teatr dell'Opera di Roma (2017).

Yozuvlar

YilCast: Dr Schön
Lulu
Alwa
Countess Geschwitz
Dirijyor,
opera house and orchestra,
versiyasi
Yorliq
1952Otto Wiener
Ilona Steingruber
Hans Libert
Maria Cerny
Herbert Häfner
Vena simfoniyasi
Two acts
Vinyl: Columbia Masterworks (Columbia Records )
Cat: SL-121
1968Toni Blankenxaym
Anneliese Rothenberger
Gerxard Unger
Kerstin Meyer
Leopold Lyudvig
Gamburg Staatsoper
Tsyurix
Two acts
Vinil: Elektrola
Cat: SMA 91711/13[42]
1968Ditrix Fisher-Dieskau
Evelin Lir
Donald Grobe
Patrisiya Jonson
Karl Bohm
Orkestri Deutsche Oper Berlin
Berlin
Two acts
Vinil: DGG
Mushuk:
CD: DGG
Mushuk: [47][to'liq bo'lmagan qisqa ma'lumot ][48][to'liq bo'lmagan qisqa ma'lumot ]
1976Valter Berri
Anja Silja
Yozef Xopfervayzer
Brigit Fassbaender
Kristof fon Dohnani
Vena filarmoniyasi
Two acts
Vinil: Decca
Cat: D48D 3
1979Frants Mazura
Tereza Stratas
Kennet Riegel
Ivonne Minton
Per Bules
Parij operasi
Parij
Three acts
Vinil: DGG
Cat: 2711 024
CD: DGG
Cat: 0289 463 6172 6[24][49]
1983Teo Adam
Yuliya Migenes
Richard Karczykowski
Brigit Fassbaender
Lorin Maazel
Vena davlat operasi (in concert)
Vena davlat opera orkestri
Three acts
CD: RCA 74321 57734 2
1996Monte Jaffe
Konstans Xauman
Piter Straka
Julia Juon
Ulf Shirmer
Ridehuset (Royal Riding School) Christiansborg Castle
Daniya milliy simfonik orkestri
Three acts
CD: Chandos 9540(3)
2006Robert Xeyvord
Liza Saffer
Jon Grem-Xoll
Syuzan Parri
Pol Daniel
Ingliz milliy operasi
Parij (Three acts, in English)
CD: Chandos
Cat: 3130[26]
2009Maykl Volle
Agneta Eichenholz
Klaus Florian Vogt
Jennifer Larmore
Antonio Pappano
Qirollik opera teatri
Parij
DVD: Opus Arte
ASIN: B003LRQ0XU[50]
2014Ditrix Xenschel
Barbara Xannigan
Charlz Vorkman [de ]
Natascha Petrinsky [ru ]
Pol Daniel
La Monnay
Bryussel
DVD: BelAir Classiques
ASIN: B00M4CA7O6

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

  1. ^ Frequently referred to in English translations as "acrobat"
  2. ^ However, in act 2, scene 1, Schigolch categorically denies being Lulu's father in an exchange with the Athlete and the Schoolboy, adding the comment Sie hat nie einen gehabt! (She has never had one).
  3. ^ Dedicated by the composer to Webern
  4. ^ The professor is played by the same person as Dr. Goll, her first husband
  5. ^ The negro is played by the same person as the artist, her second husband
  6. ^ Jack is played by the same person as Dr. Schön, her third husband

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