Venesuela milliy Bolivar qurolli kuchlari - National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela

Bu maqola uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Ma'lumot manbasi bo'lmagan materialga qarshi chiqish va olib tashlash mumkin. Manbalarni toping: "Venesuela milliy Bolivar qurolli kuchlari"  – Yangiliklar  · gazetalar  · kitoblar  · olim  · JSTOR (2019 yil dekabr) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Bolivar milliy qurolli kuchlari
Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana
Tashkil etilgan	19 aprel 1810 yil
Joriy shakl	1999 yil dekabr
Xizmat ko'rsatish filiallari	Strategik qo'mondonlik operatsiyalari Venesuela armiyasi Venesuela dengiz kuchlari Venesuela havo kuchlari Venesuela milliy gvardiyasi Venesuela milliy militsiyasi
Etakchilik
Bosh qo'mondon	Nikolas Maduro
Mudofaa vaziri	Bosh general Vladimir Padrino Lopes
CEOFANB qo'mondoni	Admiral - bosh Remigio Ceballos
Ish kuchi
Muddatli harbiy xizmat	18-30 yosh 30 oylik muddat
Faol xodimlar	109,000 (2020)[1] 220,000 harbiylashtirilgan (2018)[2]
Zaxiradagi xodimlar	8,000 (2018)[1]
Xarajatlar
Byudjet	741 million dollar (2017)[1]
YaIMning ulushi	0.35% (2017)[1]
Sanoat
Mahalliy etkazib beruvchilar	CAVIM CENARECA MAZVEN[iqtibos kerak ] DIANKA UCOCAR G&F Tecnología[3]
Xorijiy etkazib beruvchilar	Peru  Rossiya[1]  Xitoy[1]  Belorussiya[iqtibos kerak ]  Eron[4]  Shimoliy Koreya  Kuba[5][6]  Yaponiya[7][8][9]  Malayziya Avvalgi:  Qo'shma Shtatlar  Yevropa Ittifoqi  Belgiya  Ispaniya[iqtibos kerak ]  Italiya  Frantsiya  Shvetsiya  Avstriya[10]
Tegishli maqolalar
Tarix	Venesuela mustaqilligi urushi Federal urush
Darajalar	Venesuela harbiy unvonlari

The Bolivar milliy qurolli kuchlari (Ispaniya: Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana - FANB) ning Venesuela Bosh qo'mondon tomonidan nazorat qilinadi Prezident ) va fuqaro Mudofaa vaziri. Ga qo'shimcha ravishda armiya, dengiz floti va havo kuchlari a ham bor milliy gvardiya va milliy militsiya birinchi navbatda ichki xavfsizlikka qaratilgan.

Qurolli kuchlarning asosiy maqsadi Venesuela hududini hujumdan himoya qilish, giyohvand moddalar savdosiga qarshi kurash, qidirish va qutqarish qobiliyatini ta'minlash, tabiiy ofatlarni himoya qilishda tinch aholiga yordam berish, shuningdek ko'plab ichki xavfsizlik topshiriqlari. 2018 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], qurolli kuchlarda 123000 faol xodim va 8000 zahiradagi askar bor edi.

Tarix

Mustaqillik davri

Venesuelada uyushgan va professional qurolli kuchlarning kelib chiqishi 18-asrda Venesuelaning sobiq viloyatida joylashgan Ispaniya qo'shinlariga to'g'ri keladi. Yaratilgunga qadar siyosiy va harbiy jihatdan Venesuela general kapitanligi 1777 yilda Venesuela viloyati bog'liq bo'lgan Santo Domingoning haqiqiy Audiencia (bugungi Dominikan Respublikasida) yoki Yangi Granada vitse-qirolligi (bugun, Kolumbiya) hududni himoya qilish uchun. 1732 yilda Ispaniya toji Harbiy Direktsiya tuzdi va ko'plab batalonlarni tashkil qildi va Ispaniyada joylashgan piyoda polklardan bir nechta qismlar bu erga etib keldi. Koloniyalarda harbiy tizimni isloh qilish bir necha o'n yillardan so'ng boshlandi. Birinchi otliq otryadlar 1751 yilda Ispaniyadan kelgan. Artilleriyaning birinchi batareyalari atigi ikki yil o'tgach rasmiy ravishda ko'tarilgan. Ikkalasi ham Kreol oqlari va qora tanlilar artilleriya kompaniyalari safiga kirishga ruxsat berildi. Xuddi shu yili Ruxsat etilgan Karakas batalyoni tashkil etildi. Ushbu batalyon yaratilguniga qadar mudofaa kichik mustamlakachilikka asoslangan edi militsiya kompaniyalari, dastlab faqat oqlarni qabul qilgan. Asta-sekin, bu irqchilik siyosati o'z samarasini berdi va militsiyalarga aralash irqli odamlarning kirishiga ruxsat berildi. Aynan shu turli xil bo'linmalardan ofitserlarning asosiy qismi janglarda qatnashgan Venesuela mustaqilligi urushi paydo bo'lgan. Ular orasida Generalissimo ham bor edi Fransisko de Miranda, Simon Bolivar (Bolivarning o'z otasi Aragua militsiyasining polkovnigi bo'lgan), bosh general Santyago Mariino, Rafael Urdaneta, boshqa ko'plab qahramonlar qatorida. Mustaqil tashkil etish bilan kapitan general 18-asrning ikkinchi yarmida provintsiyada joylashgan Ispaniya qo'shinlari to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Karakas qo'mondonligiga o'tdilar. Mamlakatning boshqa viloyatlaridagi qo'shinlarni mahalliy gubernatorlar qo'mondonligi ostida qurolli xizmatlar bosh qo'mondoni bo'lib ishlagan Karakas general kapitani nazorat qildi. Shu tarzda mintaqadagi xalqlar va mudofaa vazifalari uchun rangidan qat'i nazar, barcha mos erkaklar uchun ochiq bo'lgan bir qator avtonom birliklar yaratildi. Bulardan tashqari Ispaniya harbiy-dengiz floti ham kapitan generalining hududiy qirg'og'ida, ham oq tanlilar, ham qora tanlilar uchun ochiq bo'lgan dengiz bazalarini boshqargan.

Karabobo jangi (1821)

19-asrning boshlarida milliy qurolli kuchlarni shakllantirish boshlanganda ofitserlar korpusining asosiy qismini tashkil etgan ushbu venesuelaliklarning aksariyati mamlakatga chet ellarda harbiy yurishlarda qatnashgandan keyin kela boshladilar. Amerika inqilobiy urushi, Frantsiya inqilobi yoki Evropada o'qishni tugatgandan so'ng. Ular bilan bir qatorda turli millatlarning yollanma askarlari va ko'ngillilari keldi: ingliz, shotland, irland, frantsuz, nemis, braziliyalik, polyaklar, ruslar va boshqalar. Faqatgina 1810 yilda o'sha yilning 19 aprelidagi davlat to'ntarishidan keyin rasmiy ravishda milliy qurolli xizmatlarni ko'tarish jarayoni boshlandi. Mustamlaka harbiy kuchlarining bir necha harbiy zobitlari to'ntarishni va keyinchalik xunta tuzilishini qo'llab-quvvatladilar. Keyinchalik bu Oliy Xunta qo'mondon Lino de Klementeni kapitanlik generalining mudofaa ishlari uchun mas'ul etib tayinladi va shu tariqa qurolli kuchlar o'zlarining sa'y-harakatlari bilan shakllana boshladi, shu jumladan ofitserlarni tayyorlash uchun Karakasda to'liq harbiy akademiyani ochish, keyinchalik La Guayradagi dengiz akademiyasi keyingi yil dengiz zobitlarini o'qitish uchun qo'shildi.

Aytish mumkinki, 19-asrning dastlabki yigirma yillarida yangi paydo bo'layotgan Ozodlik armiyasi va dengiz floti o'zlarining harbiy kadrlarining intellektual tayyorgarligi davrida, inqilobiy urushni boshlashga qaratilgan turli urinishlarda va zamonaviy zamin yaratishga harakat qilishgan. armiya va flot. Ushbu vazifaning o'rtasida generalissimo Frantsisko de Miranda va ozod qiluvchi Simon Bolivar paydo bo'lishdi, ular zudlik bilan 1810 yilgi 19-aprel to'ntarishi va undan keyin erishilgan millat mustaqilligini ta'minlashga shoshilinch choralar ko'rishga chaqirdilar. 1811 yilgi Venesuela mustaqilligi to'g'risidagi deklaratsiyani rasmiy ravishda qabul qilish. Bolivar Napoleonning harbiy taxminlari, odatlari va xatti-harakatlarining bir qismini rad etganda, ko'proq ingliz askarlarini va boshqa xalqlardan bo'lgan askarlarni olib, hatto uchinchi shaxslar orqali ham doimiy armiyani shakllantirish uchun Britaniya tojidan yordam so'rab, harbiy hamkasblarini hayratda qoldirdi. o'sib borayotgan respublika uchun dengiz floti. Va u haqiqatan ham xato qilmadi: 19-asr, oxir-oqibat, Britaniya va Prussiya harbiy ta'sirida hukmronlik qildi. Jangda bir marta Bolivar o'z taktikasini, harbiy strategiyasini va amaliyotini ishlab chiqa boshladi, uning merosi shu kungacha Milliy Qurolli Kuchlarda saqlanib kelmoqda va g'alabadan keyin g'alaba qozondi va nafaqat Venesuela, balki Janubiy Amerikaning shimoliy qismi ham to'liq ozod qilindi, urushlar 1824 yilda tugaguniga qadar quruqlikda ham, dengizda ham urushlar orqali.

Harbiy boshqaruv

19-asrning ikkinchi yarmida zobitlar maktabi davom ettirildi (aslida Venesueladan keyin bo'lgan Ispaniya harbiy akademiyasining qurol-yarog 'va xizmatlarini birlashtirish siyosatidan o'nlab yillar oldin bo'lgan Matematikaning harbiy akademiyasi). , doimiy armiya, qurol-yarog 'va yangi xizmatlarni yaratish, shu jumladan Sapyorlar Korpusi. Venesuela armiyasining ushbu bosqichi jangovar harakatlar va hech qanday tayyorgarliksiz mahalliy militsiyalar domeni bilan ajralib turadi ( Federal urush bitta misol edi). Ushbu bosqichda harbiy masalalarda tashqi tomondan ozgina yordam Angliya va keyinchalik Chili harbiy missiyalari bilan chegaralanadi, ular armiya va flotni uzoq vaqt modernizatsiya qilishni boshladilar. Ushbu bosqichda eng muhim bo'lgan qurolli kuchlarning harbiy arboblari (boshqa siyosiy arboblar ham bo'lgan) marshal edi Xuan Krisostomo Falcon, Bosh bosh Cipriano Kastro, Brigada generali Ezequiel Zamora va Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual.

20-asrning birinchi yarmida allaqachon bosh prezident Xuan Visente Gomes Dastlab general Sipriano Kastroning rejalariga asoslanib, qurolli xizmatlarni tubdan modernizatsiya qilishni boshladi, ammo ba'zi tarixchilar ta'kidlaganidek yangi armiyani yaratmadi. Ushbu modernizatsiya Chili, Frantsiya, Italiya va Germaniyadan kelgan instruktorlar va maslahatchilar yordamida amalga oshirildi. Kechki Prussiya ta'siri Venesuela armiyasiga nemislardan emas, balki 1910 yilda Chili harbiy instruktorlaridan kelgan. 1910 yilda boshlangan Milliy qurolli kuchlarning Gomes rejimi davrida amalga oshirilgan eng muhim islohotlardan biri. 20-asrning ushbu davrida zamonaviy va texnik jihatdan rivojlangan milliy qurolli xizmatlar.

Islohot Venesuela mustaqilligi to'g'risidagi deklaratsiyasining yuz yilligiga to'g'ri keldi, bu armiya va dengiz flotining doktrinaviy va siyosiy birlashuviga hissa qo'shdi. Ushbu islohotning eng muhim bosqichlari quyidagilar edi:

1910 yilda 1903 yilda isloh qilingan Venesuela Harbiy akademiyasining faoliyati boshlandi va uning tarkibida Harbiy Zobitlar xizmatini yangilash maqsadida faol xizmatda bo'lgan harbiy ofitserlar uchun Maktab tashkil etilib, Dengiz akademiyasi (o'sha paytda Venesuela Dengiz maktabi deb nomlangan). harbiy ekspertiza. 1913 yilda harbiy doktrinani rivojlantirish, armiyani tashkil etish va o'qitish uchun mas'ul bo'lgan yuqori texnik idora tashkil etildi.

1920 yilda Venesuela harbiy aviatsiya maktabi tashkil etildi. U Marakayda joylashgan va kelgusi yilning birinchi yanvarida milliy harbiy uchuvchilarni tayyorlash uchun ochilgan.

1923/1930 yillarda avvalgi barcha harbiy qonunlarning o'rnini bosadigan va mamlakatdagi yangi siyosiy va harbiy vaziyatga javob beradigan yangi Harbiy qonun kodeksi qabul qilindi. Ushbu jarayon infratuzilmani modernizatsiya qilish, qurol-yarog ', uskunalar, kiyim-kechak bilan ta'minlash va neft byudjetidan tushadigan daromadlar hisobiga harbiy byudjetning barqaror o'sishi bilan birga kechdi. Islohot Germaniyaning kuchli ta'siriga ega edi. Bu asosan Prussiya / Germaniya armiyasining davrning eng zamonaviy kuchi bo'lganligi va shu ma'noda xalqaro miqyosda namuna bo'lishiga bog'liq.

Ushbu islohotning eng muhim siyosiy natijasi, 1913 yildan boshlab, Venesuela harbiy kuchlarining davlatning mudofaa kuchlari sifatida an'anaviy rolini saqlab, siyosiy kuchining ko'tarilishini his qilish edi. 1914 yildan beri Gomes har doim armiya qo'mondonligi lavozimini saqlab qoldi, hatto respublikada prezidentlik qilmagan taqdirda ham. 1913 yildan keyin rejimni qo'llab-quvvatlashning qudratli bazasi, liberallar va millatchilardan tashqari, qurolli kuchlar bo'lib, ular jamoat tartibi va milliy taraqqiyotni ta'minlash uchun qatag'onning muhim elementiga aylandi.

Ushbu bosqichda harbiy va siyosiy arboblar (general Gomesning o'zidan tashqari) ko'proq boshliq edi Eleazar Lopes Kontreras (1937 yilda Milliy gvardiyani asos solgan) va general-mayor Isaias Medina Angarita, ikkala respublika prezidentlari. 1945 yilda Angaritaning quvib chiqarilishi bilan fuqarolar hukumatni 1922 yildan beri birinchi marta qabul qildilar, ammo qisqa vaqt ichida bo'lsa-da, o'sha paytlarda Venesuela havo kuchlari rasman tashkil topgan edi. Angaritaning quvib chiqarilishi bugungi kunda M3 Styuart yengil tanklari va Jiplari harakatni ko'rgan va qurolli xizmatlarni modernizatsiyalashni boshlagan 411-zirhli batalyon "Bosh general Xuan Fransisko Bermudez" ning ishtirokida bo'ldi.

20-asrning ikkinchi yarmi butun Venesuela harbiylari uchun xuddi shiddatli edi, ammo kelgusi yillar uchun zamonaviy kuch sifatida kelajakka rejalashtirilgan edi, ammo hali hamjihat emas. Allaqachon general-mayor hukumati tasarrufida Markos Peres Ximenes, 1950-yillarning boshidan 1958-yilgacha mamlakatni prezident va bosh qo'mondon sifatida boshqargan (u LTCOL davrida Karlos Delgado Chalbaud va mudofaa vaziri German Suares Flamerich bo'lgan) va Amerika ta'siri (madaniy, siyosiy va harbiy) 1944 yilda AQShning birinchi harbiy missiyasi kelishi bilan butun qurolli kuchlar tarixida shuhrat qozondi. Venesuela armiyasiga shunchalik hasad qiladiki, keyingi o'n yilliklar ichida qurolli kuchlar Frantsiyaning mavjud bo'lgan xavfli ta'sirini saqlab qolishdi, bu esa qurolli kuchlardagi Amerika ta'sirining muvozanati sifatida. 1945-1952 yillar orasida AQSh tomonidan deyarli monopollashtirilgan harbiy texnika sotib olishning asosiy dasturi mavjud edi (garchi boshqa harbiy materiallar boshqa mamlakatlardan, asosan NATO mamlakatlaridan olingan bo'lsa) va shu mamlakat yuborgan harbiy missiyalar va keyinchalik yana takrorlangan 1970-yillarning o'n yilligining dastlabki yillarida, ularning kelib chiqishi mamlakatlari tomonidan yanada muvozanatli bo'lsa ham.

To'rtinchi respublika hukumati

Bu vaqtda qurolli kuchlar an'anaviy havo kuchlari, armiya, flot va milliy gvardiyadan iborat edi.^[11]

Qurolli xizmatlar 1960-yillarda hukumatga qarshi harakatlarni va hatto ikkita isyonni o'z saflaridan to'xtatishda o'z belgilarini yaratdilar. 1970-yillar Armiya qobiliyatini oshirishga qaratilgan va muntazam armiya bo'linmalari va moddiy tarkibining ko'payishiga qaratilgan Carabobo qayta tashkil etish rejasi bilan ham ajralib turardi. Harbiy-havo kuchlari, dengiz kuchlari va Milliy gvardiya o'zlarining imkoniyatlarini, shuningdek, xizmat ko'rsatadiganlarning barchasini qondirish uchun zamonaviy jihozlar bilan oshirdilar. 1980-yillardagi iqtisodiy inqirozlar va 1990-yillarning boshlaridagi keyingi harbiy to'ntarishlar o'rtasida zamonaviy milliy Bolivariya qurolli kuchlari millat uchun notinch ichki va tashqi ko'rinish ostida yana tug'ildi.

Bolivariya hukumati

Hukumatlari ostida Ugo Chaves va uning vorisi Nikolas Maduro, qurolli kuchlar, shu jumladan o'z nomida (Milliy Qurolli Kuchlardan Milliy Bolivar qurolli kuchlariga qadar) jiddiy o'zgarishlarga duch keldi. Qo'shma Shtatlar va uning ittifoqchilari bilan hamkorlikdan ushbu yangi harbiy ittifoqchilarning eng kattasi sifatida Rossiya bilan kengaytirilgan hamkorlikka o'tishda sheriklik aloqalarida ham siyosiy o'zgarishlar yuz berdi.

Ta'lim

Bugungi kunda qurolli kuchlarning harbiy doktrinasi marhum tomonidan ilgari surilgan siyosatga asoslangan Ugo Chaves (1999 yildan 2013 yilgacha Prezident va Bosh qo'mondon). Chaves milliy armiyaning vazifasi "mohiyatan vatanparvar, xalqchil va antiimperialistik" bo'lishini ta'kidladi.^[12] Chaves siyosatiga ko'ra, harbiylar respublika dushmanlariga qarshi "xalq qarshilik ko'rsatish urushi" ning mudofaa tamoyillariga amal qilishlari va "ichki tartibda" yordam berishlari, shuningdek, iqtisodiy rivojlanish rejalari va dasturlarida ishtirok etishlari kerak edi. Venesuela xalqi.^[12]

Missiya bayonoti

Qurolli Kuchlar Organik Qonunining 3-moddasiga binoan Milliy Bolivariya Qurolli Kuchlarining asosiy vazifasi harbiy mudofaa, hamkorlik orqali millatning mustaqilligi va suverenitetini ta'minlash va mamlakatning geografik hududlarining yaxlitligini ta'minlashdir. ichki tartibni saqlashda va milliy taraqqiyotda faol ishtirok etish.^[13]

Tashkiloti va tuzilishi

Venesuela Prezidenti konstitutsiyaviy qoidalarga binoan qurolli kuchlarning bosh qo'mondoni hisoblanadi, shuning uchun u umumiy nazorat va nazoratga ega. Shuningdek, u Mudofaa vazirini, Operatsion strategik qo'mondonlik komendantini va xizmat ko'rsatuvchi tarmoqlarning qo'mondon generallarini tayinlaydi va barcha formadagi shaxsiy tarkib ustidan to'liq vakolatlarga ega. Bunda unga Bosh qo'mondonning Bosh shtabi yordam beradi.

Mudofaa vazirligi

Karakasdagi Mudofaa vazirligi.

Venesuela Mudofaaga qarshi xalq kuchlari vazirligi Venesuela qurolli kuchlarini saqlash uchun javobgar bo'lgan federal darajadagi organdir. 2014 yil noyabr oyidan boshlab ushbu vazirlikni General boshqaradi Vladimir Padrino Lopez, Admiral o'rnini egallagan Karmen Melendes Venesuelaning birinchi ayol ichki ishlar vaziri etib tayinlangan. Vazirlik giyohvand moddalarga qarshi ko'plab operatsiyalarni muvofiqlashtiradi, fuqaro muhofazasi bo'yicha turli tadbirlar va operatsiyalarni tashkil qiladi va odatda Venesuelaning an'anaviy harbiy imkoniyatlarini nazorat qiladi. Vazir devoni a tomonidan to'ldiriladi umumiy yoki general yoki admiral unvoniga ega bo'lgan qurolli kuchlarning bayroqdorlari (bu qurolli kuchlarda ushbu darajaga ega bo'lgan yagona zobit).

Oliy qo'mondonlik hokimiyati va Milliy qurolli kuchlar kengashi

Unga o'z vazifalarida Mudofaa vaziri, mudofaa bo'yicha bosh inspektsiya boshlig'i, tezkor strategik qo'mondonlik qo'mondoni, armiya qo'mondonligidan iborat Venesuela Bolivariya respublikasi harbiy oliy qo'mondonligi yordam beradi. , Dengiz kuchlari qo'mondonligi, Havo kuchlari qo'mondonligi, Milliy gvardiya qo'mondoni va Milliy militsiya bosh qo'mondonligi (AFOL 42-modda). Milliy Qurolli Kuchlar Oliy Kengashi Harbiy Oliy Qo'mondonlik tomonidan tuziladi. Bu tinchlik davrida yoki favqulodda holatlarda, qurolli kuchlarni tashkil etish, ishlatish, rivojlantirish va ish bilan ta'minlash masalalari bo'yicha Respublika Prezidenti, Milliy Mudofaa Kengashi va Mudofaa vazirining maslahat va maslahati uchun asosiy organdir. 2014 yilda Qurolli Kuchlar Organik Qonuniga kiritilgan o'zgartishlarga binoan OSC Bosh shtab boshliqlari endi Milliy Qurolli Kuchlar Bosh shtab boshqarmasi deb o'zgartirildi va endi kengaytirildi, Mudofaa vaziri va OSC komendanti va komendant yordamchisi va shtab boshliqlari birlashgan raisi, xizmat ko'rsatuvchi qo'mondon generallar, ajralmas strategik mudofaa mintaqalari qo'mondon generallari va HCA bosh kotibi yordam berishdi.

Boshqa markazlashtirilmagan direktsiyalar

Operatsion strategik buyruq

The Operatsion strategik buyruq (CEOFAN) - Milliy Qurolli Kuchlarni boshqarish oliy organi. U 2005 yil sentyabr oyida o'zgartirilgan Milliy Qurolli Kuchlar Organik Qonunining (LOFAN) 60-moddasi bilan yaratilgan bo'lib, u Prezidentga ham, Mudofaa vaziriga ham hisobot beradi va unga tegishli harbiy qismlarning harakatlarini muvofiqlashtirish uchun javobgardir. Qurolli Kuchlarning turli xil xizmat turlari. Komendant ba'zi hollarda bir vaqtning o'zida xizmat qiladigan mudofaa vaziri bo'lishi ham mumkin yoki bo'lmasligi ham mumkin.

Yangi tashkil etilgan harbiy hududlar OSC, NBAF, shuningdek, Armiya, Havo Kuchlari va Dengiz kuchlari bayrog'i ostida havo hujumidan mudofaa bo'linmalariga bo'ysunadi. OSC Havodan mudofaa kuchlari qo'mondonligi2017 yilgi Diviziya generali Xuan Manuel Diazga ko'ra, havo kuchlari bosh ofitseri tomonidan boshqarilgan bo'lsa ham.

Harbiy hududlar

The Integral strategik mudofaa mintaqalari yoki ISDRlar (REDI, Regiones Estrategicas de Defensa Integral) Milliy Qurolli Kuchlarning Organik qonuni o'zgartirilgan qoidalariga muvofiq 2008 yil 13 sentyabrda rasmiy ravishda faollashtirildi. A ga teng harbiy okrug, ushbu mintaqaviy qo'mondonliklar tegishli mas'uliyat sohalari mudofaasi, ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun vakolatli. Ular quyidagilarga bo'linadi Integral mudofaa operatsiyalari zonalari yoki INDOZ (Ispan tilida, Zona Operativa del Defensa Integral yoki ZODI) davlat buyruqlariga bo'linadi (Davlatning ajralmas mudofaa operatsiyalari zonalari yoki STINDOZ) va dengiz mintaqasida, 4 Dengiz va insular ajralmas mudofaa operatsiyalari zonalari (MAIINDOZ), 2015 yil iyul oyida yaratilgan.^[21]

Milliy poytaxt mintaqaviy qo'mondonligi bo'lgan yangi mintaqa 2016 yil 7-iyulda yaratilgan.

Xizmat ko'rsatish filiallari

Qurolli kuchlar armiya, dengiz floti, havo kuchlari, milliy gvardiya, milliy zaxira va hududiy gvardiya kabi oltita xizmat turiga bo'lingan. Armiya, dengiz floti, havo kuchlari va milliy gvardiya strategik operativ qo'mondonligi ostida xizmat qiladi (Comando Estratégico Operacional), Milliy qo'riqxona va hududiy qo'riqchi Milliy zaxira va safarbarlik qo'mondonligi ostida xizmat qiladi (Comando General de la Reserva Nacional y Movilizacion Nacional), 2009 yildan buyon Milliy Militsiya Bosh Qo'mondonligi deb nomlangan (Komando generali de la Milicia Nacional).

Asosiy filiallari

Armiya

T-72 Venesuela armiyasining B1Vlari xotirlash paradida Ugo Chaves 2014 yilda

Venesuela armiyasi (Fuerzas Terrestres yoki Ejercito), bugungi kunda taxminan 130,000 qo'shinni (muddatli harbiy xizmatni hisobga olgan holda) tashkil etadi. Uning asosiy vazifasi milliy qurolli kuchlarning boshqa tarkibiy qismlari bilan kelishilgan holda, quruqlikdagi harbiy harakatlarni rejalashtirish, amalga oshirish va monitoringini olib borish, Milliy mudofaaning birlashgan vazifasini bajarishdir.

Hozirda u oltita operatsion bo'linma va boshqa tarkibiy qismlarda tashkil etilgan: Armiya aviatsiya qo'mondonligi, 6-muhandislar korpusi, armiya logistika qo'mondonligi va armiya ta'limi qo'mondonligi. Bu zirhli bo'linmalar, piyoda askarlar, muhandislar, maxsus kuchlar va artilleriyadan iborat bo'lib, unga turli xil havo kemalari operatsiyalarini rivojlantirishga imkon beradigan resurslar kiradi. Bu Venesuela qurolli kuchlarining eng yirik harbiy bo'limi. Uning hozirgi qo'mondon general - general-mayor Xuan de Jezus Gartsiya Tussaint.

Dengiz kuchlari

Venesuela patrul kemasi, ANBV Varao (Kompyuter-22)

Venesuela dengiz floti (Fuerzas Navales yoki Armada Bolivariana) va dengiz piyoda askarlari (Infanteria de Marina) asosiy vazifa - ish bilan ta'minlash rejalarini bajarilishini ta'minlash uchun dengiz kuchlari faoliyatini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun dengiz operatsiyalarini, dengiz samolyotlarini va Sohil Xavfsizligini amalga oshirish, boshqarish va boshqarish.

Xodimlar soni 60,000 nafar xodimga, shu jumladan 12,000 dengiz piyodalari va 600 nafar harbiy-dengiz aviatsiyasining xodimlariga to'g'ri keladi. Besh asosiy buyruq mavjud: Dengiz-logistika qo'mondonligi, Dengiz kuchlari qo'mondonligi, Dengiz ta'limi va o'qitish qo'mondonligi va Harbiy-dengiz operatsiyalari qo'mondonligi, bu o'z navbatida quyidagi buyruqlardan iborat: Filo Kuchlari Qo'mondonligi, Daryo yo'nalishi qo'mondonligi, Dengiz aviatsiyasi qo'mondonligi, Sohil qo'riqlash qo'mondonligi va dengiz bo'limi. Amaliy jihatdan mamlakat ikkita dengiz zonasiga bo'lingan; G'arbiy dengiz zonasi (shtab: Punto Fijo) va Sharqiy dengiz hududi (shtab: Carupano) hozirda Atlantika sohilini qamrab olgan. Bashorat qilinayotgan hududlarni faollashtirish: Markaziy dengiz zonasi (shtab: Puerto Kabello), Atlantika (shtab: Gyiria) va janub (shtab: Caicara Orinoco) hozirda rejalashtirish bosqichida.

Dengiz kuni Simon Bolivarning tug'ilgan kuni, 24-iyul, Venesuela mustaqillik urushi so'nggi jangi kuni nishonlanadi. Marakaybo ko'lidagi jang, 1823 yilda. Dengiz kuchlarining qo'mondonligi general (2015 yil holatiga ko'ra) - admiral Franklin Montplaisier.

Havo kuchlari

Suxoy Su-30MKV.

1946 yilda Venesuela havo kuchlari armiyasi va dengiz aviatsiyasi qanotlari birlashishi orqali tashkil etilgan (Fuerzas Aérea yoki Aviación Militar) boshqa harbiy qismlar singari quyidagi buyruqlar bilan tashkil etilgan: Havo operatsiyalari qo'mondonligi (transport samolyotlari, vertolyotlar, qiruvchi va hujum samolyotlari va o'quv samolyotlari eskadronlaridan tashkil topgan o'n uchta havo guruhiga birlashtirilgan), havo hujumidan mudofaa kuchlari qo'mondonligi, Havo-desant qo'mondonligi, Havo logistika qo'mondonligi, Havo xodimlarining qo'mondonligi, shu jumladan, Harbiy-havo kuchlari politsiyasi va Harbiy-havo kuchlari muhandislari korpusi, shuningdek, Havo kuchlari akademiyasi, Havo xodimlarini tayyorlash maktabi va Havo kuchlari kabi Havo ta'limi va o'qitish qo'mondonligi. Kollej. Uning asosiy maqsadi Venesuelaning havo hududini Milliy Qurolli Kuchlarning boshqa tarkibiy qismlari bilan kelishilgan holda himoya qilishdir. 2007 yilda Harbiy-havo kuchlari Venesuelaning Bolivariya milliy harbiy havo kuchlari deb o'zgartirildi va kengaytirish va modernizatsiya dasturiga o'tdi. Venesuela havo kuchlarining qo'mondonligi general, 2015 yil iyul oyidan boshlab general-mayor Edgar Valentin Kruz Arteaga.

Milliy gvardiya

VN-4 Venesuela milliy gvardiyasi.

Venesuela Milliy gvardiyasi (Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperacion yoki Guardia Nacional), Venesuela Bolivariya Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasiga binoan, politsiya funktsiyalariga ega bo'lgan harbiy korpus. Taxminan 70,000 qo'shinlari tarkibiga 9 mintaqaviy qo'mondonlik (bo'linma kattaligi) va 24 shtat darajasidagi zona qo'mondonligi (brigada kattaligi) tarkibiga kiritilgan bo'lib, bu sonni o'n besh buyruqqa etkazish rejalashtirilgan. Bundan tashqari, Sohil nazorati qo'mondonligi, Havoni qo'llab-quvvatlash qo'mondonligi, Muhandislar korpusi, Logistika ko'mak qo'mondonligi, Milliy Gvardiya qo'mondonlik maktabi va Milliy Gvardiya akademiyasi va uning Ta'lim qo'mondonligi tarkibidagi boshqa muassasalar mavjud. Milliy Gvardiyani bo'linmalarda, Hududiy qo'mondonlar qo'mondonligi ostida tuzish rejalashtirilgan. 2007 yilda Milliy gvardiya Venesuelaning Bolivar milliy gvardiyasi deb o'zgartirildi va 2011 yilda Xalq Gvardiyasi qo'mondonligi va 2013 yilda Tovlamachilikka qarshi kurash va sekestratsiya qo'mondonligini o'z ichiga olgan holda yanada kengaytirildi. hozirgi. Milliy gvardiya qo'mondonligi general-mayor Nestor Luis Reverol Torresdir.

Boshqa filiallar

Milliy militsiya

Venesuela milliy militsiyasi 2014 yil 5 mart kuni Venesuelaning Karakas shahrida bo'lib o'tgan xotira marosimida Ugo Chaves o'lim.

Venesuela militsiyasi o'z kelib chiqishini Venesuelaning tub aholisi tomonidan Ispaniya boshqaruviga qarshi uzoq davom etgan kurashdan va 18-asrda Ispaniya davrida ko'tarilgan militsiya batalyonlaridan, keyinchalik millat mustaqilligi bilan qurolli kuchlarning asosini tashkil etgan deb biladi. va o'sha davrdagi ikki militsioner Xose Mariya Espaniya va Manuel Gual 1797 yildagi muvaffaqiyatsiz qo'zg'oloni bilan milliy mustaqillik tomon uzoq yo'lni boshlashdi. Faqatgina 21-asrda militsiyalar bu safar qurolli xizmatlarning to'liq bo'lagi sifatida qayta tiklandi. Milliy qurolli kuchlarning turli xil zaxira qo'mondonliklari asosida dastlab qurolli zaxira kuchlari, so'ngra Milliy zaxira va safarbarlik qo'mondonligi sifatida, 2008 yildan esa Bolivar milliy militsiyasi sifatida tashkil etilgan Venesuela.

Bugungi kunda Boliviya milliy militsiyasining bosh qo'mondonligi ikkita katta buyruqqa bo'lingan:

1. Haqiqiy harbiy xizmatda bo'lmagan, harbiy xizmatni tugatgan yoki ixtiyoriy ravishda harbiy zaxirada bo'lgan barcha Venesuela fuqarolaridan iborat Milliy zaxira xizmati.

2. Ixtiyoriy ravishda jamiyatning barcha darajalarida milliy mustaqillikka tahdid soluvchi har qanday tashqi tahdidga qarshi mahalliy qarshilikni tashkil etishga xizmat qiladigan barcha Venesuela fuqarolaridan iborat hududiy qo'riqlash komponenti.

Uchinchi komponent, 2013 yilda yaratilgan Xalq dengiz floti filiali dengiz militsiyasi milliy dengiz suvlari va qirg'oqlarini himoya qilishga hissa qo'shadigan ixtiyoriy milliy harbiy xizmatchilar va ayollardan iborat komponent. Uning o'zi Dengiz qo'riqxonasiga (NRSning bir qismi) va TGC tarkibiga kiruvchi ishchilarning dengiz ish bilan ta'minlanadigan hududiy militsiyalariga bo'linadi.

Hozirgi kunda Milliy Militsiya milliy hududda joylashgan o'nlab Maxsus qarshilik korpuslari (shtat va xususiy korxonalar ishchilari kontingenti va federal, shtat, shahar va posyolka hukumat muassasalari atrofida to'plangan) to'qqiz (09) zaxira guruhlari asosida tashkil etilgan. va butun mamlakat bo'ylab hududiy militsiya birliklari, shuningdek yangi tashkil etilgan milliy soqchilar brigadasi.^[26] Bu Qurolli Kuchlarning xizmat ko'rsatish shoxobchalari uchun avtonom va yordamchi kuch bo'lib, o'z qo'mondonligi va xizmat qurollari zanjiriga ega bo'lib, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Prezidentga, Mudofaa vaziriga va Operativ strategik qo'mondonlikka bo'ysunadi. Hozirgi vaqtda taxmin qilish mumkinki, 400 mingga yaqin erkaklar va ayollar turli xil tayyorgarlik darajalarida, ammo uning ma'muriyatining maqsadi 1100,000 yarim kunlik milliy harbiy xizmatchilar va ayollarga, shu jumladan, universitet talabalari va ayollar uchun yangi ko'tarilgan yoshlar kursantiga erishishdir. militsiya komponenti. Bugungi kunda 150 mingdan ziyod erkak va ayol militsiyada faol xizmat qilmoqda, 2015 yilda yarim million kishilik faol militsiya kuchini tuzishni rejalashtirmoqda. Va uning kengayishi doirasida Milliy militsiya boshqa xizmat bilan mashg'ulotlarda faol ishtirok etdi. milliy urush davri mudofaasi vazifalarini bajarishga tayyorgarlik bosqichlari.

2002 yil 13 apreldagi davlat to'ntarishi paytida zaxirachilarning prezidentlik, qurolli kuchlar va xalqni himoya qilishdagi faxriy xizmati sharafiga har yili rasmiy militsiyani sharaflaydigan ushbu kun har yili Milliy Militsiya kuni sifatida nishonlanadi (2009 yilgacha bu shunday edi) 4 fevralda nishonlandi).

Milliy militsiyaning qo'mondon general - Venesuela armiyasi general-mayor Sezar Vega Gonsales.

Prezidentning faxriy qorovuli

The Prezidentning faxriy qorovullar brigadasi [es ] - Venesuela Bolivariya Respublikasi Prezidenti va uning birinchi oilasining zudlik bilan xavfsizligini ta'minlash va uning vazifasini bajarish uchun vakolatli qo'shma xizmat harbiy qismidir. jamoat vazifalari mamlakatdagi eng muhim joylarda. Prezidentning faxriy qorovulning eng uzoq antiqalari yana qaytib kelishadi Hussars Troop Bolivar, of Venesuela mustaqilligi urushi va kattaroq Ispaniyalik Amerikadagi mustaqillik urushlari, 1815 yil iyun oyida ko'tarilgan va Liberatorning bevosita xavfsizligini ta'minlashga qaratilgan yanada kattaroq soqchilar brigadasining bir qismi va 20-asr boshlarida "Ambrosio Plaza" 1-otliq polki 1950 yillarga qadar, eskadronlar soniga qadar qisqartirilgan bo'lsa ham, Prezident va 19-asr oxiridagi Prussiya amaliyotidan o'rnak olgan. Prezidentning faxriy qorovullar brigadasi bugun Milliy Qurolli Kuchlarning beshta xizmat tarkibiy qismlari va fuqaro xavfsizlik xizmati xodimlaridan iborat bo'lib, unga brigada generali yoki polkovnik yoki unga teng keladigan shaxslar rahbarlik qiladi. Hozirgi vaqtda bu Brigada kattaligi birligi. Brigada Prezidentga faxriy qorovulni davlatga kelish marosimlarida taqdim etadi Miraflores saroyi Carabobo Valencia munitsipaliteti Carabobo dalaidagi noma'lum askar qabrida va qabrida o'tkazilgan har qanday tadbirda Prezidentga, Venesuela mustaqilligi uchun urushning so'nggi ikki jangidan birida ishtirok etish sharafiga, Carabobo jangi 1821 yil 24-iyunda qabr joylashgan maydonchada jang qilgan, bu erda a Qo'riqchining o'rnatilishi marosim har kuni peshin vaqtida o'tkaziladi. 2013 yildan boshlab Brigada, shuningdek, marhum prezident Ugo Chavesning qabrida Karakasdagi Montana Fortidagi plyus va Bolivarning yangilangan maqbarasida qo'riqchi o'rnatganlikda ayblanmoqda. Venesuela milliy panteoni Kompleks, shuningdek Karakasda, har kuni jamoatchilik uchun ochiq bo'lgan soqchilarni o'rnatish vazifalari bajariladi.

The kiyim-kechak Prezidentning faxriy qorovullari tomonidan Venesuela mustaqilligi urushi paytida Bolivarning Gussar qo'shinlari formasi aks ettirilgan: qizil kalta ko'ylagi polosi qora shim yoki shim bilan qilich va qin, uzun qora kamar, qora botinkalar va a avtobusda shapka. O'rnatilgan vzvod Sabretache with the dress uniform when mounted in appropriate occasions like military parades. In both cases the brigade personnel carry sabres and lances with the to'liq kiyim uniform (only the rang qo'riqchisi carries rifles). Red berets with the distinctive unit insignia are worn with the service dress green and combat dress uniforms except by personnel from the Venezuelan Air Force who are part of the brigade.

The Commanding General of the Presidential Honor Guard Brigade (as of 20 January 2014) is Brigadier General Jesus Rafael Salazar Velasquez.

Harbiy razvedka

The general directorate of military intelligence (Dirección General de Inteligencia Militar, DGIM), is the bureau in charge to collect all the strategic intelligence data, and to coordinate the diverse institutions or departments of military intelligence of the service components of National Armed Forces and the National Militia.

The chief of the general directorate is Brigadier General Ivan Hernandez Darlan as of 20 January 2014.

Byudjet

According to the law of the approved budget for the 2012 Fiscal year, the budget allocated to the defense sector, is US$4.959 billion, which represents 6.5% of Venezuela's yalpi ichki mahsulot (YaIM).^[27] Another source indicates that the amount is $4.508 billion.^[28] This amount does not include the additional credit granted by the Russian Federation of $4 billion, half of which will be used in fiscal year 2012, and the other half in fiscal year 2013, which would bring the official FY2012 total to $6.5 billion. The Bolivarian government increased salaries annually for members of the armed forces with a 505% increase in pay between 1999 and 2014.^[29]

Venezuela's continued economic collapse has drastically curtailed, among other things, its military spending. According to the Stockholm International Research Institute, a research body whose data is used by the World Bank, Venezuela's military spending has been plummeting rapidly since 2012. Military spending was only $2.3 billion in 2016. This is a minuscule number compared to even Peru 's military spending (listed at $2.6 billion), despite Venezuela having several times as many men under arms as Peru.^[30]

Harbiy adolat

According to the article 76 of the Organic Law of the National Armed Force, the system of military justice consists of

• The Military Criminal Judicial Circuit
• The Military Prosecutor
• The Military Advocacy
• Auxiliary and research bodies

Article 77 of the same Act specifies the support logistics and financial of the same: the Ministry of defence will provide the human, financial, material and technical resources for its proper functioning. Likewise, will seek the administrative and financial autonomy of each of the members of the system of military justice.^[31]

Xodimlar

All men and women that are citizens of Venezuela have a constitutional duty to register for military service at the age of 18, which is the age of majority in Venezuela.

Requirements for military service

• Be a natural-born Venezuelan
• Be between eighteen and thirty (30) years of age for men, twenty-five (25) years of age for women
• Be unmarried; and for women not to have children.
• Not having a case in court.
• Possess proper identification cards
• Not be disabled physically.
• Not having a criminal record.
• Not consuming any alcoholic beverage.

Harbiy ta'lim

The military educational system, according to the concept of military strategy of the National Armed Forces, has a mission to educate, train and develop professionals pro-active, responsible, aware of the commitment with the defense in depth and its participated actively in the development of the country, achieving a comprehensive and interdisciplinary training that enable them to interact with the management of public or private; the education system will be geared towards a sound humanistic, scientific, research and spiritual culture that promotes leadership and educational self-management, development of competences, which facilitates the adaptation of their knowledge to the continuous transformation of science and technology, with emphasis on the observance and respect of human rights and international humanitarian law.

Venesuela Bolivariya harbiy universiteti

The Venesuela Bolivariya harbiy universiteti^[32] (Universidad Militar Bolivariana de Venesuela, UMBV), was created by initiative of the National Federal Government, through the efforts of the late President Hugo Chávez, with the firm intention to promote a strategic vision for the country and accelerate the thinking and the military national strategy inspired by the ideologies of Simón Bolívar, Simon Rodriguez and Ezequiel Zamora. The university was formally launched by presidential orders on 3 September 2010, 200 years from the day of the founding of the Military Academy of Venezuela, one of the oldest military academies in Latin America, to help understand the issue of safety in a holistic manner and to respond in complex form, thru the complete integration of all 5 service academies of the National Armed Forces. The VBMU promotes the integration and educational interaction of all five service branches. Also, the military civic integration also recognizes both dimensions as a condition sine qua non for the guarantee of the security of the Venezuelan State. This University System has the mission of educating integrally all its cadets, with ethical, moral, spiritual and socialist values, to prepare them for the duties of being an officer in the National Bolivarian Armed Forces' various service arms and the militia, through a process of humanistic, scientific, technical and sporting skills, to fulfill the tasks inherent to all 5 service branches in national defence and security as well as in contributing to national development. Headquartered in Fort Tiuna in Caracas with branches in Catia del Mar and Maracay (with a new branch now fully opened at Fort Guaicaipuro in Charallave, Miranda), Divisional General Alexis Jose Rodriguez Cabello serves as its president as of 2016.

The University System is composed of the following service academies and schools:

Xizmat akademiyalari

• Military Academy of the Army (Karakas, Capital District)
• Military Academy of the Navy (Katiya La Mar, Vargas State)
• Air Force Academy (Marakay, Aragua State)
• National Guard Military Academy (Karakas, Capital District)
• Military Technical Academy (Marakay, Aragua State)
• Troop Officers Military College (Charallave, Miranda State)
• Military Medical Academy (Caracas, Capital District)

Ixtisoslashtirilgan maktablar

• Armiya piyoda maktab Bosh bosh Rafael Urdaneta
• Armiya otliq va zirh maktabi General-mayor Xuan Gilyermo Iribarren
• Armiya artilleriya maktabi Polkovnik Diego Jalon
• Armiya logistika maktabi Brigada generali Xose Gabriel Peres
• Armiya harbiy muhandislik maktabi Brigada generali Fransisko Jakot
• Dengiz-taktik tadqiqotlar maktabi
• Havo energetika kolleji
• Ichki xavfsizlikni o'rganish maktabi
• Qurolli kuchlar razvedka maktabi Brigada generali Daniel Florens O'Liri
• National Armed Forces College of Military Communications, Electronics and Information Technology (Instituto Universitario Militar de Comunicaciones, Electrónica y Informatica de la Fuerza Armada Nacional, IUMCOELIFA)
• Milliy qurolli kuchlar tillar kolleji Generalissimo Fransisko de Miranda
  • Armiya tillari maktabi
  • Dengiz kuchlari tillari maktabi
  • Havo kuchlari tillari maktabi
  • Milliy gvardiya tillar maktabi

Post-graduate colleges

• Milliy mudofaani takomillashtirish instituti Ayakucho Grand-marshali Anthonio Xose de Sukr (Instituto de Altos Estudios de la Defensa Nacional, IAEDEN)^[33]
• Milliy qurolli kuchlar urush kolleji Liberator Simón Bolivar

Qurolli Kuchlarning Milliy Eksperimental Universiteti

The National Experimental University of the Armed Forces (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada Bolivariana, UNEFA) is a Venezuelan public university associated with the Venezuelan armed forces. Founded in 1974 as the National Armed Forces Higher Polytechnical Institution (Instituto Universitario Politécnico de las Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales), it was renamed by the Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez in 1999 to its current name. Its mission is the training of civilian personnel in the NAF and all military personnel, plus civilians in educational skills, and it also offers doctoral programs and post-graduate studies.

Its president, as of 2015, is Vice Admiral Elisa Amelia Di Tizio, Deputy Minister of Education for National Defense.

Modernization and capability building projects for the Armed Forces

Missiya Miranda

Mission Miranda, one of the Bolivarian Missions that were a legacy of the late President Hugo Chávez, was launched in 2004 to prepare all reserve and part-time national servicemen and women of the National Armed Forces for the important tasks of national total defense, security and economic progress.

The main goal of the armed forces, under this mission, are to organize, recruit, record, monitor, and re-train the Armed Forces Reserve and National Militia personnel with the aim of defending the integrity of the country through military defense, cooperation in maintaining internal order, and active participation in the national development.

Maqsadlar:

1. Form a structural organization of adequate reserves for the needs of the FAN.
2. Procure the required infrastructure for the various commands of the reserve in each of the components.
3. Procure equipment and materials for storage to be used by members of the Reserve of the Armed Forces:
4. Develop an effective registration and monitoring program to ensure the identification, recording and location by region of the personnel of the Armed Forces Reserve.
5. Meet the curricular plans and instructional programs for academic activities and skills of the staff of the Armed Forces Reserve.
6. Meet the curricular plans and instructional programs for retraining of staff of the Reserve of the Armed Forces during periods of field drills.
7. Logistically support all the processes that must be met in the organization of the Armed Forces Reserve
8. Planning, procuring and implementing the annual budget required for the operation and maintenance of reserve units.
9. Ensure the employment of staff that makes up the Armed Forces Reserve in the different scenarios of action foreseen in the Federal Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
10. Incentives to seek the staff of the Reserve of the Armed Forces and the National Militia for their recruitment.

Mission Negro Primero

Named after the nickname of Venezuelan independence hero Pedro Kamexo, this mission, another legacy of the Chávez administration, and now upgraded by President Nicolás Maduro to a Grand Mission, is aimed at upgrading the combat capabilities of all service personnel of the National Armed Forces and to strengthen the performance of the duties of national defense. Part of it is the acquisition of modern weapons and building of modern facilities and upgrading of existing buildings in all military installations.

Women in the Armed Forces

Woman of Bolivarian Armed Forces in a presidential meeting

The integration of Venezuelan women in the NBAF has been completed; for the year 2014 all the service academies have the female students as well as the military high schools that previously been co-educational since the 1980s and 1990s, and today there are already women pilots and aircrews, female crew members of ships, and female personnel in combat duty in the Army, and they have reached the highest military ranks as well. The late President Hugo Chávez said in July 2012 about it: "not only is the promotion to a hierarchy, but the promotion that gives Venezuelan people. All women say that they feel proud to be in a country that promotes the inclusion of women".^[34] Currently the 4 components that make up the NBAF: the Army, Navy, Air Force and the National Guard, plus the National Militia and the Presidential Honor Guard Brigade as well, have women who choose a military career for their professional development part of their ranks as either enlisted personnel, non-commissioned officers and officers. Within these service branches, the Venezuelan military woman has achieved important positions.

Boys and girls also join together as students of the various educational institutions jointly operated by the service branches of the National Armed Forces through their foundations and the Ministry of Education from pre-school to the secondary level.

Historical dates of the achievements of the Venezuelan women in the National Bolivarian Armed Forces:

• July 1977: first contingent of women to enter a school of training of officers of the armed forces of Venezuela, specifically to the aviation school in Maracay.
• June 2007: first woman pilot certified to fly the Mi-26 helicopter, the world's biggest helicopter.^[35]
• 4 July 2007: first woman promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral.^[36]
• 28 December 2008: A woman Brigadier General founded the Military Technical School of the NBAF (today the Military Technical Academy and formerly the Armed Forces Basic School) as Directress, the first-ever woman to hold the director post in a Venezuelan service academy.^[37]
• 5 July 2010: the Venezuelan Government conferred Manuela Sáenz (also called the "Libertadora del Libertador"), the grade of brigadier general of the Bolivarian army of Venezuela posthumously, as the "posthumous recognition of the virtues of heroine of American independence" due to her outstanding contributions in the Ispaniyalik Amerikadagi mustaqillik urushlari.^[38]
• 27 November 2009: first female pilot of fighter aircraft.^[39]
• 23 January 2012: first woman to complete a flight on a Venezuelan Air Force Super King Air B200^[40]
• 3 July 2012: first woman promoted to Admiral.^[34]
• 28 May 2013: The Venezuelan National Guard's Air Command welcomed its first female pilot in history.^[41]

During the National Independence Day Armed Forces Promotions ceremony at the Fort Montana Barracks in Caracas on 5 July 2013, also marking 4 months after the sudden death of Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro announcement that Admiral Carmen Teresa Meléndez Rivas, the first-ever Venezuelan female admiral in history and by then the current Presidential Secretary, would be appointed as the first-ever female Minister of Defense in the nation's history as well as in its military history. She was later promoted as the very first female 4-sun flag officer of the Venezuelan Navy and of the National Armed Forces as a whole before officially taking over her ministerial duties.

Ranks, uniforms and insignia

Harbiy unvonlar

The most important reform in more than one century, was in 2008, with the enactment of the reform of the Organic Law of the National Armed Forces, which established, among many innovations, the transformation of the non-commissioned officer level "technical officer" to commissioned officer status. As part of the same reform, the rank of Major General, intermediate rank that comes after Divisional General and before the rank of General in Chief, was officially created. In the case of the Navy, the rank of Admiral in Chief, created also by the same reforms, is now equivalent to General in Chief. Thus the officer rank system used today is more compatible to those used by most armed forces.

Since 2011 the officer corps is divided into Commissioned Candidate, Regular Commissioned, Troop and Command Corps officers, the latter three, alongside the Technical Officers Corps, forming the regular officer corps and the former being composed of civilian commissioned officers.

Article 62 of the Organic Law of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces has the full order of ranks of military officers, and their equivalents in the Navy, while Article 63 of the Organic Law lists the full order of ranks for non-commissioned service personnel and Article 69 of the said law provides the military hierarchy of the enlisted personnel and ratings of the National Armed Forces.

Amendments made in 2014 for the Organic Law of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces officially give the following as the highest rank for the following officer corps:

• Divisional General/Vice Admiral – Technical Officers Corps
• Brigadier General/Rear Admiral – Troop Officers Corps
• Brigadier General/Rear Admiral – Commissioned Candidate Officers Corps

Three-sun ranking

Venezuelan three suns

The rank of Major General, a rank immediately below the General in Chief and above Divisional General, was established in the year 2007 in the aftermath of the Armed Forces Organic Law amendments and in the Navy, Admiral (three-suns) and Admiral in Chief (four-suns) are the equivalents today. These officers are assigned mostly to the leadership of military regions (REDI), Commanders General of Components, General Inspectorate, vice-ministers, and temporarily as Chief of the NBAF-OSC, if the Minister of Defence is an official asset, with the officeholder having the rank of General in Chief or Admiral in Chief. Before 2007 the 3 sun rank belonged to Generals in Chief and Admirals, and is equivalent to the rank of general-leytenant yoki vitse-admiral aksariyat mamlakatlarda.

One must not confuse this rank with the General staff rank of Major General used in most of the armed forces of the world, which is equivalent to the second rank of general officers in most armies and several air forces.

Four-sun ranking

General-in-chief Vladimir Padrino López in his uniform with visible insignia

Since the age of the independence war in Venezuela, the most senior officer is designated as general-in-chief (general en jefe). From its creation, the rank was represented by three mythical suns (equivalent to three-star rank), but with the creation in 2008 of the rank of Major General, four mythical suns (equivalent to four-star rank) are used. If used in the Navy, it is called as admiral in chief (almirante en jefe) since 2008 (formerly the 3 sun rank was of an Admiral), uses the same 4 suns in the shoulder board, and the sleeve insignia used mirrors that of a full Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal Navy.

Commander-in-Chief rank and insignia

The office of the Venezuelan military supreme commander in chief has always been held by the President of Venezuela as per constitutional requirements. However, with the new law sanctioned in 2008, the "Comandante en Jefe" rank is not only a function attributed to the executive branch but a full military rank given to the president upon taking office. Upon assumption he receives a saber, epaulette, shoulder knot, shoulder board and sleeve insignia and full military uniform to be used in military events while performing the duties as president. The shoulder insignia mirrors Cuban practice but is derived from the German-styled officer rank insignia.

Tartib belgisi

Zobitlar

Ejército Bolivariano	Armada Bolivariana	Aviación Militar Bolivariana	Guardia Nacional Bolivariana	Milicia Bolivariana
General en Jefe	Almirante en Jefe	General en Jefe	General en Jefe	General en Jefe
Mayor General	Almirante	Mayor General	Mayor General	Mayor General
General de División	Vitsealmirante	General de División	General de División	General de División
General de Brigada	Kontraalmirante	General de Brigada	General de Brigada	General de Brigada
Koronel	Capitán de Navío	Koronel	Koronel	Koronel
Teniente Koronel	Capitán de Fragata	Teniente Koronel	Teniente Koronel	Teniente Koronel
Shahar hokimi	Capitán de Corbeta	Shahar hokimi	Shahar hokimi	Shahar hokimi
Kapitan	Teniente de Navío	Kapitan	Kapitan	Kapitan
Primer Teniente	Teniente de Fragata	Primer Teniente	Primer Teniente	Primer Teniente
Teniente	Teniente de Corbeta	Teniente	Teniente	Teniente

Professional and enlisted other ranks

Ejercito Bolivariano	Armada Bolivariana	Aviación Militar Bolivariana	Guardia Nacional Bolivariana	Milicia Bolivariana
Sargento Supervisor	Sargento Supervisor	Sargento Supervisor	Sargento Supervisor	Sargento Supervisor
Sargento Ayudante	Sargento Ayudante	Sargento Ayudante	Sargento Ayudante	Sargento Ayudante
Sargento Mayor de Primera	Sargento Mayor de Primera	Sargento Mayor de Primera	Sargento Mayor de Primera	Sargento Mayor de Primera
Sargento Mayor de Segunda	Sargento Mayor de Segunda	Sargento Mayor de Segunda	Sargento Mayor de Segunda	Sargento Mayor de Segunda
Sargento Mayor de Tercera	Sargento Mayor de Tercera	Sargento Mayor de Tercera	Sargento Mayor de Tercera	Sargento Mayor de Tercera
Sargento Primero	Sargento Primero	Sargento Primero	Sargento Primero	Sargento Primero
Sargento Segundo	Sargento Segundo	Sargento Segundo	Sargento Segundo	Sargento Segundo
Cabo Primero	Cabo Primero	Cabo Primero	Cabo Primero	Cabo Primero
Cabo Segundo	Cabo Segundo	Cabo Segundo	Cabo Segundo	Cabo Segundo
Distinguido	Distinguido	Distinguido	Distinguido	Distinguido

Beretlar

Beretlar are worn by some units in the National Armed Forces, with distinctive colors for some units or functions. The beret colors are as follows:

Modernization program

Hugo Chávez, and Vladimir Putin. Russia has been the main supplier of weapons to Venezuela.

Sergey Shoygu va Vladimir Padrino Lopes

The Venezuelan government has embarked on a massive military purchase programme. This has included negotiations for German submarines and transport aircraft, several agreements with Russia (outlined below), transport aircraft and naval vessels from Spain, radars from China, home-made and designed armored light vehicles and rocket launchers, studies for Russian main battle tanks and infantry fighting vehicles, amongst many others. Most if not all European military hardware have not been delivered to Venezuela due to the U.S. embargo.

Surveillance radars, AK-103s and helicopters: Mi-17, Mi-26 and Mi-35

Venezuela in 2005 acquired 3 JYL-1 long range 3D surveillance radars from China at a cost of $150 million. The 3 JYL-1s, which are truck mounted, were all delivered by 2007.^[42]

Also that year, Venezuela bought 51 military helicopters from Russia, by 2008 all 51 had been delivered to the Venezuelan armed forces, the helicopters acquired were: 40 Mi-17, 3 Mi-26 va 8 Mi-35.^[43]Then in 2006 the country purchased 100,000 Russian AK-103 avtomatlar,^[44] all delivered in that same year.^[45] Chávez also claimed to have acquired a license to manufacture Kalashnikovs in Venezuela,^[46]

Su-30s and missiles

In 2006 Venezuela purchased 24 Su-30 MK jet fighters also from Russia, all delivered by 2008.^[43] In order to equip those fighters the country bought a large assortment of missiles, it is estimated that Venezuela acquired: 200 lazer bilan boshqariladigan bombalar turlari KAB-500 va KAB-1500, 50 Kh-29 air-to-surface missiles, 50 X-31 A1 anti-ship missiles, 50 Kh-59 ME TV-guided cruise missiles, 100 Vympel R-27 medium-range air-to-air missiles and 150 Vympel R-73 short-range air-to-air missiles.^[42]

Night vision equipment, sniper rifles and submarines

In 2007, the Belarusian military optics industry agreed to supply the Venezuelan army with night vision devices, and install on, as Ugo Chaves described, "every single rifle in the Venezuelan army." The deal is valued at $3–$24 million.^[47] Later that year, Chávez announced plans to purchase of 5,000 Dragunov snayper miltiqlari from the Russian Rosoboroneksport, adding that Venezuela must ready itself for a "possible U.S. invasion."^[44] It is not clear whether that deal was completed. In all, from 2005 to 2007 Venezuela purchased more than $4.4 billion in weapons from Russia.^[48][49]

After signing an "initial contract", Venezuela was expected in June 2007 to finalize the acquisition of five diesel Project 636 Kilo class submarines, and at a later date finalize the acquisition of four diesel Project 677 Amur class submarines.^[50] In spite of the expectations, Chávez didn't sign the deal. Ten months later in April 2008,Venezuela decided to negotiate with Russia a loan of about $800 million for the acquisition of 4 diesel Project 636 Kilo class submarines.^[51] During that time Venezuela was also considering the purchase of 12 Il-76 transport samolyotlari. The submarines plus the aircraft were going to cost a total of $1.5 billion.^[51] However, this acquisition deal wasn't completed either.^[43] The negotiations for the purchase of the submarines broke down and 6 submarines that were once planned for Venezuela are now being offered to Vetnam.^[52]

Russian loans and the Chinese K-8W light jet

In September 2008, Russia provided Venezuela with a $1 billion loan to buy Russian weapons. A Kremlin source said "The Russian side has made the decision to extend to Venezuela a $1 billion loan for a military cooperation program."^[53] There is a lot of speculation about which weapons will be bought with that loan. Venezuela has shown interest on the following weapons: TOR-M1 SAM tizimlari, T-72 tanklar, Su-35 reaktiv qiruvchilar va Il-76 harbiy yuk samolyotlari.^[43] Despite of the interest and the Russian credit line, no deal has been finalized.^[43] In October 2008 Rosoboronexport informed that Venezuela was close to buying among other things a "large shipment of BMP-3 " infantry fighting vehicles.^[54] However, that deal too wasn't finalized.^[43]

Also in September Chávez confirmed that Venezuela purchased 24 K-8 Karakorum murabbiy jets from China.^[55] The deal, which is estimated to be worth between $72–$84 million, was the biggest Venezuelan arms deal of 2008.^[43]

On 21 July 2010, one K-8W crashed during a training flight. A statement by Venezuelan Air Force commander blamed engine failure. Both pilot and assistant ejected.

Venezuela acquired an undisclosed number of SA-24 Igla-S man-portable surface to air missiles.^[56] The SA-24 Igla-S is the most advanced version built in Russia.^[57] This acquisition was only confirmed after 50 SA-24 Igla-S were paraded by soldiers in Caracas in April 2009.^[57] In reaction to the acquisition the AQSh Davlat departamenti declared: "We are concerned about Venezuelan arms purchases that exceed its needs and are therefore potentially destabilizing."^[57]

In September 2009 Russia agreed to loan Venezuela over $2 billion to finance the purchase of weapons including tanks and advanced anti-aircraft missiles. It was stated that because of lower crude prices, the country needed to borrow the money for defence spending to avoid cuts in education and health. The deal includes orders for 92 T-72 tanklar va Buk-M2, S-125 Neva / Pechora raketa tizimi va S-300 havo mudofaasi systems and also the BM-30 Smerch raketa artilleriya tizimi. Prezident Ugo Chaves stated that "Venezuela has no plans to invade anybody, or to be aggressive towards anybody," and "with these rockets it's going to be very difficult for foreign planes to come and bomb us". Chávez repeated Venezuela's commitment to developing nuclear power for peaceful purposes with the help of Russia and reiterated his strong opposition to nuclear weapons.^[58]

Contract with China for modernization of the Venezuelan Marine Corps

Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez said in 2012 that his government will buy amphibious tanks from China for its military. Chávez isn't saying how many of the armored vehicles Venezuela intends to buy, but says the deal signed Tuesday calls for a Chinese company to begin delivering the tanks next year. He announced the deal in a speech to troops, saying the $500 million cost will be financed through loans that China has offered Venezuela in exchange for oil shipments.^[59][60]

The new armored equipment arrived in the country in 2014 and are now at the service of the Venesuela dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari.

The Russian Federation gives new credit and interest in the Su-35

Suxoy Su-35

Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez said he was interested in buying Sukhoi Su-35 Flanker-E multirole fighter jets from Russia to enhance his country's defense capabilities. "I have already sent a statement to the government of Russia that we are ready to consider buying in the next few years Su-35 fighters to modernize and enhance our defense powers" Venezuela's national radio quoted Chávez as saying.^[61]

Russia and Venezuela have signed an agreement on a $4 billion loan for the oil-rich Latin American partner to buy Russian weaponry. "Two billion will be provided next year and another two billion in 2013," Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez said.^[62]

Controversy with the United States

These acquisitions and other projects have been greeted with criticism from the United States, which opposes the government of President Ugo Chaves. The U.S. accuses Venezuela of starting an arms race, which they claim will destabilize the military equilibrium in South America.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Venezuela is also accused of supplying small arms to neighboring Colombian partizan organizations including FARC, which is sympathetic to Chávez.^[63][64]

United States criticism is met with skepticism by Venezuelan authorities, who claim the weapons are needed to update the basic equipment in the armed forces. In some cases, Venezuelan armaments like the FN FAL have been in service more than 50 years. The government also claims that the U.S. has been the one to initiate arms races and de-stabilize countries by supplying subversive groups in lotin Amerikasi throughout the past century (referring to the 1954 yil Gvatemaladagi davlat to'ntarishi davomida Sovuq urush, va contra affair, among numerous other incidents).Venezuela however has publicly acknowledged its own role in the supplying of thousands of FN Fal rifles, heavy antitank weapons and air support to the Sandinista uprising in Nicaragua during 1978–1979.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

In the 1990s Venezuela requested a batch of F-16C/Ds to update its F-16 fighter fleet, but the U.S. government blocked the request.^[65] In October 1997 the U.S. government approved the sale of the two crash replacement F-16s, but subsequently halted the sale.^[66] In 2005 a contract with Israel Aircraft Industries to upgrade Venezuela's F-16s was frozen following U.S. pressure.^[67] Chávez subsequently accused the U.S. of delaying the sale of spare parts to maintain Venezuela's F-16s. After remarks by Chávez that he would sell or lend the 'unused' F-16's to any country that wanted them, including Eron, the U.S. Government agreed to supply the spare parts; however, the shipment was detained at the Customs Office in Maiquetia International Airport xavfsizlik sababli.^[68]

U.S. military embargo

In May 2006, the government of the United States announced an embargo ning harbiy material and equipment to Venezuela; no American-made qurol yoki texnologiya can be sold to Venezuela by any country or kompaniya.^[69] This embargo has harmed several Venezuelan purchases, as not only are U.S. technology goods unavailable, but other nations friendly to the U.S. have been pressured to block sales of arms to Venezuela, as well. This is also considered one of the reasons Venezuela has turned to Russia and China for arms, in a move reminiscent of the Sovuq urush.^[70]

In 2005 Venezuela signed agreements with Spain to procure 12 naval transport va razvedka samolyoti and eight naval patrul kemalari. The deal is worth $1.5-2 billion dollar ispanlarga mudofaa sanoati, as well as an estimated 900 new jobs, but was cancelled due to the U.S. embargo. The cancellation does not affect the eight naval patrul kemalari.

Below is a list of acquisitions frustrated directly or indirectly by the U.S. embargo:^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

• Aero L-159 Alca Jets from the Czech Republic: the Czech government forbade Aero Vodochody, the manufacturer, from creating a variant with French avionika va Ukrain dvigatellar, specially requested by Venezuela.
• Saab, a Swedish arms company announced it would honor the U.S. embargo, and would not sell arms to Venezuela. Karl Gustavning avtomat qurollari, AT4 AT weapons, as well as RBS-70 AA systems are in service in the Venezuelan military.
• Ispaniya kompaniyasi EADS CASA halted the sale of several transport planes that contained extensive U.S. technology.
• Brazil was forced to cancel the sale of Embraer Super Tucano airplanes to the Venezuelan Air Force due to its use of Pratt va Uitni dvigatellar. Embraer was also forced to cancel the sale of AEW&C equipped planes.
• France decided to block the sale of Scorpène sinfidagi suvosti kemalari Venesuelaga.
• Rossiya kompaniyalari Rosoboroneksport va Suxoy have been sanctioned by the U.S. government for procuring arms for Venezuela.

The Russian Federation has broken the U.S. embargo

However, the Russian Federation has continued sending arms to Venezuela despite the US embargo.^[71][72][73] Russia has agreed to sell more than $4 billion (£2 billion) worth of armaments to Venezuela since 2005 and disclosed that Mr Chávez wanted new antiaircraft systems and more fighter jets.^[74]

Caracas acknowledges problems with Iran by U.S. embargo

The Venezuela President, Hugo Chávez, acknowledged that the joint production between his country and Iran cars, has been affected by the embargo that United States keeps on the Islamic country.^[75]

Spanish Defense Minister, defends arms sales to Venezuela

The Spanish Minister of Defense, Pedro Morenes, has defended the sale of military equipment to Venezuela, and reported that a delegation from the public company Navantiya has traveled to the capital of the country, Caracas, to try to sell new products to the Chávez government. Morenes has made these statements during a speech at the plenary session of the Congress to reply to an interpellation by the spokesman for Izquierda Unida, Jose Luis Centella, on the Ministry of defence plans for the coming years and the Spanish missions abroad.^[76]

Role of the military in Venezuelan politics

From 1810 up to the 1819 Angostura Congress that created Gran Colombia, and into the era of national independence since 1831, the National Armed Forces helped shaped the political, economical, social and national affairs of Venezuela, with so many military led-governments that led the nation until the late 1950s (with a brief break in the 1940s), several of them under strong military dictators. After Marcos Perez Jimenez left in 1958, the military role in government affairs ended with the framing of the 1961 Constitution and the replacement by civilian leaders of the military anti-Jimenez government that took power after the 1958 coup. However, the years that followed saw 2 coup attempts by military personnel with the help of groups disillusioned by government policies in the 1960s, and military repressions of student and civil rallies and actions from the late 60s onward, all these happening while fighting rebel groups present in the national territory and on the Venezuelan-Colombian border region. All these led up to the events of the 1989 Karakazo, in which National Guardsmen crushed anti-government actions and riots in the capital area with great severity, causing the deaths of hundreds, which in turn resulted in the coup attempts of 1992 and 1993.

By the time Hugo Chávez assumed the presidency in 1999, retired armed forces personnel who served with him were appointed to several cabinet posts and were given seats in the National Assembly. Chávez only allowed retired military personnel to run for elective posts at all levels as well as to serve in appointive government positions except for the Ministries of Defense and the Interior, per tradition led by active generals of the armed forces (the latter since the early 21st century).

One of the advances achieved in the new Bolivarian Constitution of 1999 was to allow the right to vote in the elections to all service personnel of the armed forces without any limitation whatsoever, thus bringing it in line with other countries that allow the practice. This is the right enshrined in article 64 of the said Constitution.

Venezuelan military coup d'états

The NAF were involved in many coup d'états in national history:

• June 1835 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt (Revolución de las Reformas)
• March 1858 Venezuelan coup d'état (Revolución de Marzo)
• May 1899 Venezuelan coup d'état (Liberal Restoration Revolution )
• December 1908 Venezuelan coup d'état
• Oktyabr 1945 Venezuelan coup d'état
• Noyabr 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état
• Yanvar 1958 yil Venesuela davlat to'ntarishi
• May 1962 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt (El-Karupanazo )
• June 1962 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt (El Portenazo )
• February 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt (Army's movement)
• November 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt (Air Force's movement)
• November 1993 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts (Navy's movement)
• April 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt

Tanqid

Some organizations (national and international) have questioned the level of politicism and influence of the armed forces in national political affairs.^[77][78]

Role in Venezuelan society

Gumanitar yordam

The tragedy of Vargas in December 1999, brought with it several lessons, that the Government knew how to assimilate, one of them was the quick action of the FANB to assist populations in danger, and the reconstruction of devastated areas. O'shandan beri Venesuela FANB orqali dunyoning bir qancha mamlakatlarida o'tkazilgan ko'plab gumanitar yordam aksiyalarida qatnashdi.

• Gumanitar xalqaro brigada "Simon Bolivar"

Bu milliy va xalqaro miqyosda tabiiy ofatlarga duchor bo'lgan aholiga zudlik bilan tashrif buyurish uchun yaratilgan birlik.^[79] Ushbu bo'limning tezkor guruhlari Nikaragua, Boliviya,^[80][81] Ekvador, Kuba,^[82] Gaiti,^[83][84][85] Mali,^[86] Boshqalar orasida.

• Batalyon 51 "Dra. Migledys Campos echki og'rig'i"

Bu milliy va xalqaro geografiyaning chekka hududlarida tibbiy yordam ko'rsatadigan fuqarolik va harbiy shifokorlarning birligi.^[87][88][89] Ushbu bo'linma fuqarolik-harbiy xizmatiga ega bo'lgan xalqaro harakatlar o'rtasida Gaiti xalqiga tibbiy yordam ko'rsatmoqda.^[90]

Harbiy sanoat

Venesuela hozirgi paytda mudofaa sohasida sanoat rivojini namoyish etmoqda, agar bu soha Braziliya va Argentina kabi mamlakatlarga qaraganda ancha uzoq bo'lsa, agar bu 20-asrning Venesuelaning so'nggi o'n yilligiga nisbatan katta hurmatni bildirgan bo'lsa. Frantsisko Arias Kardenasning fikriga ko'ra (sobiq prezidentlikka nomzod; sobiq parlament a'zosi; va Zuliya shtati gubernatorligiga amaldagi nomzod, hukmron PSUV partiyasi tomonidan): "amaldagi hukumatni boshqargan 13 yil ichida transmilliy korporatsiyalar mamlakatning harbiy sohasini boshqarganida, to'rtinchi respublikada bo'lmagan muxtoriyatga ega bo'lgan o'z qurolli kuchlari sanoati.Venesuela harbiy sanoatining bu ilgarilashi bizni yanada ko'proq rag'batlantiradi, bu bizga kerak bo'lgan narsadir va ixtirochiligimizni o'z hududimizni himoya qilish uchun chinakam avtonomiya beradigan texnologiyalarni ishlab chiqishda qo'llash imkoniyati. "^[91]

Venesuela davlat korporatsiyalari tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan boshqa mahsulotlar qatorida er usti transport vositalarini, yuk mashinalarini, o'q-dorilarni, miltiqlarni, uchuvchisiz samolyotlarni, granatalarni, kichik va o'rta portlarning yig'ilgan kemalarini ishlab chiqarishi rejalashtirilgan edi, ammo ularning aksariyati ishlashga qodir emas. kadrlar, resurslar etishmasligi va hatto ba'zi hollarda hukumat tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanmaganligi sababli ushbu korporatsiyalar:

IBIDIFANB

IBIDIFANB (Instituto Bolivariano de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación de la Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana), FANBda operatsion o'lchamlarini ta'minlash, uskunalarni saqlash va shu bilan birga milliy rivojlanishni qo'llab-quvvatlash imkoniyatiga ega bo'lgan barcha loyihalarni ishlab chiqishi kerak. ba'zi tadqiqot loyihalarining avlodi, ayrim texnologik liniyalar Venesuela xalqi uchun yaxshilik qilishi mumkin^[92]

CAVIM

CAVIM (CA Venezolana de Industrias Militares, Venesuela Military Industries Company Ltd.) Mudofaa vazirligiga qarashli milliy korporatsiya bo'lib, qurol-yarog ', o'q-dorilar, kiyim-kechak va boshqa mahsulotlarni ishlab chiqarish orqali milliy harbiy sanoatni rivojlantirish bilan shug'ullanadi. milliy qurolli kuchlar. Hozirda u qurol, qurol-yarog ', logistika va NAF tomonidan foydalanish uchun turli xil buyumlar qatorida miltiqlar, granatalar, ov miltiqlari, uchuvchisiz samolyotlar, sanoat uchun ishlatiladigan portlovchi moddalar, o'q-dorilar, o'q o'tkazmaydigan jiletlar, kevlar dubulg'alarini ishlab chiqarish va ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha imkoniyatlarini namoyish etdi.^[93][94] Kompaniya mudofaa va mamlakat xavfsizlik agentligiga etkazib berilgan o'q-dorilarni aniqlash bo'yicha loyihani ilgari surmoqda.^[95]2011 yil yanvar oyida noma'lum sabablarga ko'ra sodir bo'lgan portlash va undan keyingi yong'in shtatdagi beshta CAVIM qurol va o'q-dorilar omborlarini yoqib yubordi. Aragua, bu rasmiy o'limga olib keldi va 10 mingga yaqin odam evakuatsiya qilindi.^[96][97]2013 yil 12 fevralda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari hukumati Venesuela harbiy sanoat kompaniyasi (CAVIM) va boshqa 12 ta xorijiy kompaniyalarni, shu jumladan to'rtta xitoylik firmani Eron, Shimoliy Koreya yoki Suriyaga qurol-yarog 'va harbiy texnologiyalarni sotganligi uchun sanktsiya qildi.^[98]

DIANKA

DIANCA (Diques y Astilleros Nacionales C.A.), Venesuela Bolivariya Respublikasining davlat kemasozlik korxonasi. U 1905 yilda Puerto Kabello shahrida, Karabobo shtatida yaratilgan.^[99]

UCOCAR

UCOCAR (Unidad Naval Coordinadora de los Servicios de Carenado de la Armada) 1000 tonnagacha bo'lgan kemalar, uskunalar, tizimlar, dubulg'a va inshootlarni ta'mirlash, texnik xizmat ko'rsatish va qurish uchun javobgardir, qurolli kuchlarni, davlat firmalarini va xususiy sektorni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. sub'ektlar. Bir nechta qayiqlar ishlab chiqilgan va kompaniya Gollandiyaning kemasozlik firmasi bilan kelishuvga ega Damen, Venesuela dengiz floti tomonidan foydalaniladigan ba'zi kemalarni yig'ish uchun.^{[100][101][102]} Ushbu firma, shuningdek, dengiz kuchlari va Milliy gvardiya tomonidan foydalaniladigan Guardian G-25 daryo kemalari ishlab chiqaradi.^[103]

CIDAE

CIDAE (Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Aeronáutico) - uchuvchilar uchun dubulg'a ishlab chiqaradigan ilmiy markaz.^[104] Boshqa rivojlanishlar qatorida uchuvchisiz samolyotlarni ishlab chiqarishda ham radarlar yangilandi va CAVIM bilan aloqador. Shuningdek, ushbu tadqiqot markazi bu qisqa muddatli, qattiq yoqilg'i bilan ishlaydigan raketalarni sinab ko'rish vaqtidir.^[105][106] Xuddi shu tarzda, CIDAE T-27 Tucano samolyotlari uchun Parvoz Simulyatorini, shuningdek Cessna 208 Caravan samolyotlariga uchish simulyatorini, o'q otish simulyatorlarini va PT6 dvigatellarining sinov stendlarini tiklashni ishlab chiqdi va bunyod etdi. Venesuela texnologiyasi, nafaqat dizayndagi, balki dasturiy ta'minotni o'rnatishda va materiallardan foydalanishda ham.^[107] Xitoyning Simón Bolívar shahrida joylashgan CIDAE ishtiroki.^[108]

ASTIMARCA

ASTIMARCA (Astilleros de Maracaibo y el Caribe S.A.). Kuba va Venesuela hukumatlari o'rtasidagi kelishuvlar doirasida ushbu qo'shma korxona mavjud. Bu kichik va o'rta kemalar uchun kemasozlik ta'mirlanishi.^[109]

CENARECA

CENARECA (Centro Nacional de Repotenciación C.A.) - bu Venesuela qurolli kuchlari uchun jiddiy ishlab chiqarilgan va oz miqdordagi xukumatlar uchun xayriya qilingan, butun er usti va yuqori harakatchanlik (HMMWV) Tiuna avtotransport vositalarini ishlab chiqaruvchisi. ALBA Ekvador, Nikaragua va Boliviya kabi.^[110]

MAZVEN

MAZVEN C.A. Belorusiya kompaniyasi bilan qo'shma korxona ostida og'ir yuk mashinalarini ishlab chiqaradi MAZ. Bu yuk mashinalarining beshta modelini, shu jumladan harbiy maqsadlarda ishlatiladigan yuk mashinalarini ishlab chiqaradi.^{[111][112][113][114][115]}

G&F Tecnología

G&F Tecnología - bu Venesuela shirkati bo'lib, amaliy bilimlarning qo'shimcha qiymati oshib borishi bilan telekommunikatsiya, axborot, aeronavtika va elektronika loyihalarini ishlab chiqish, ishlab chiqish, amalga oshirish va ishlatishdan kelib chiqqan me'morchilik texnologiyasiga asoslangan echimlarning endogen modelini ishlab chiqadi. Xususan, uchuvchisiz samolyotlar, shuningdek aloqa vositalari va boshqa elektron mahsulotlar ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniya.^[116]

Mudofaa vazirligining harbiy korporatsiyalari

Bundan tashqari, Mudofaa vazirligi CAVIMdan tashqari quyidagi milliy korporatsiyalarni ishlaydi:

• Qurolli Kuchlar aloqa korxonalari (EMCOFANB)
  • shu jumladan Boliviya milliy qurolli kuchlari televideniesi (TVFANB), Tiuna FM, 4 fevral audiovizual brigada va NBAF gazetasi, The Patriot (El Patriota)
• Milliy qurolli kuchlar qishloq xo'jaligi mahsulotlari korporatsiyasi (AGROFANB)
• Military Transport Company Ltd. (EMILTRA)
• Qurolli kuchlar banki (BANFANB)
• Harbiy konchilik, gaz va neft kompaniyasi (CAMIMPEG)
• Xavfsiz ufqlarni sug'urtalash (Seguros Horizonte, S.A.)

Iqtiboslar

Adabiyotlar

Tashqi havolalar

• (ispan tilida) Venesuelaning Defensa-de-France-dagi ommabop sahifasi
• (ispan tilida) Sitio oficial del Ejercito Libertador (Venesuela)
• (ispan tilida) Armio de la Republika Bolivariana de Venesuela
• (ispan tilida) Venesuelaning rasmiy rasmiy aviakompaniyasi
• (ispan tilida) Guardio Nacional de Venesuelaning rasmiy vakili
• (ispan tilida) Venesuelaning rasmiy aviakompaniyasi de-Aviacion del Ejército
• (ispan tilida) Venesuelaning rasmiy rasmiy vakili