Robert Norman Bland - Robert Norman Bland

Robert Norman Bland

CMG
Doimiy maslahatchi, Penang
Ofisda
1907–1910
OldingiJeyms Kortayt Birch
MuvaffaqiyatliJeyms Oliver Anthonisz
Ko'pchilikInglizlar
Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan(1859-10-08)8 oktyabr 1859 yil
Maltada
O'ldi1948 yil 30 mart(1948-03-30) (88 yosh)
Sasseks, Angliya
Turmush o'rtoqlarLaura Emili Shelford
MunosabatlarOta: general-mayor Edvard Loftus Bland (1829 yil 10-dekabrda tug'ilgan, 1923 yil 26-fevralda tug'ilgan). Birodarlar: John Otway Persi Bland, Brig. Edvard Xemfri Bland + (1866 yil 3-mayda tug'ilgan, 1945 yil 15-fevralda tug'ilgan), general. Uilyam Sent Kolum Bland (6 iyun 1868 yilda tug'ilgan, 1950 yil 9 fevralda) Tomas Bland (1876 yil 7 yanvarda tug'ilgan, 15 avgust 1900 yilda) va leytenant Charlz Loftus Bland (1881 yil 21 oktyabrda tug'ilgan, 1973 yil 6 yanvarda tug'ilgan). ). Opa-singillar: Meri Bland (1862 yilda tug'ilgan, 1945 yilda vafot etgan), Elis Rozali Henrietta Bland (1870 yilda tug'ilgan, 1962 yil 20 noyabrda tug'ilgan) va Sidney Frensis Jozefin Bland (1883 yil 11 mayda tug'ilgan).
BolalarEvelyn Bland, mayor Tomas Edvard Bland (1903 yil 24-fevralda tug'ilgan, 1944 yil 1-avgustda tug'ilgan) va Robert Lourens Sent-Kolum Bland (1905 yilda tug'ilgan, 1907 yilda 26-yanvarda tug'ilgan).
Yashash joyiHukumat uyi, Penang, shuningdek, yashash joyi sifatida tanilgan
KasbBritaniya mustamlakachisi

Robert Norman Bland CMG (1859-1948) yoki "R. N. Bland", chunki u o'sha paytda "Bo'g'ozlar" da tez-tez tanilgan, Penangning doimiy maslahatchisi va Boğazlar aholi punktlarining mustamlakachilik ma'muriyatida mansabdor davlat xizmatchisi bo'lgan.

Bland mustamlaka davlat xizmatiga qo'shildi Bo'g'ozlar aholi punktlari 1883 yilda kursant sifatida o'qish Xitoy va Malaycha tillar, keyinroq qonun va 27 yil davomida turli xil lavozimlar va lavozimlar orqali davlat xizmati zinapoyasida ishlashga harakat qildi, ko'pincha bir vaqtning o'zida bir nechta lavozimni egallab, 1910 yilda nafaqaga chiqdi Penangning doimiy maslahatchisi. U haqida qisqacha tarjimai hollar Buyuk Britaniyaning "Yuz yillik Singapur Malayasining Malayaning yigirmanchi asrdagi taassurotlari", "Uzoq Sharqda kim kim", Burkning "Irish oilaviy yozuvlari" va boshqa asarlarida keltirilgan. Birinchi ikkitadan o'qing:[1][2][3][4]

"Pinangning doimiy maslahatchisi: bu janob. Janob Robert Norman Bland, B.A. general-mayor Blandning o'g'li, R.E., u Maltada 1859 yilda tug'ilgan. U o'qigan Cheltenxem kolleji va da Trinity kolleji, Dublin, u erda B.A. 1882 yilda.[2]

Janob Bland Straits Settlements davlat xizmatida uzoq va xilma-xil ishlagan. 1883 yil boshida koloniyaga kelib, u xitoy tilini o'rganadigan kursant sifatida mustamlaka kotibiyati idorasiga biriktirilgan va keyingi yilda u malay tilida ham malakasini oshirgan.[2]

U gubernator vazifasini bajaruvchi, kollektor va magistratning shaxsiy kotibi bo'lib ishlagan Kuala Pilax ichida Negri Sambilan, Pinangda doimiy maslahatchining yordamchisi, Pinang va Singapurda er daromadlari yig'uvchisi, mas'ul ofitser Sungei Ujong, Bo'g'ozlar manzillari uchun qamoqxonalar inspektori, mustamlaka xazinachisi va shtamp bojlarini yig'uvchi va Malakkadagi doimiy maslahatchi.[2]

1887 yilda u tizimda hisobot berish bilan shug'ullangan Muqim Pinang va Viloyat Uelsli chegaralari.[2]

U o'z lavozimiga binoan Tanjong Pagar kengashining Pinang qo'mitasi, tuman kasalxonasi, kutubxona va bog'lar qo'mitasi Pinang; ishonchli shaxs Avliyo Jorjiy cherkovi va of Sent-Jorjning qizlar maktabi ; va prezidenti Bepul maktab Qo'mita.[2]

Janob Bland a ko'tarib buyruq berdi Malakkadagi ko'ngillilar kompaniyasi.(1902-6).[2]

U a'zosi Mustamlaka instituti London va Sport Clubning homiysi yoki barcha mahalliy klublarning a'zosi sifatida ro'yxatdan o'tgan. Uning dam olishlari golf va chavandozlikdir.[2]

U 1895 yilda turmushga chiqdi, Laura Emili, marhum janob Tomas Shelfordning to'ng'ich qizi, Paterson, Simons Co. firmasining boshlig'i CM, va yigirma yil davomida Boğazlar aholi punktlari qonunchilik kengashining a'zosi. Bland xonim Straits filialining a'zosi Qirollik Osiyo jamiyati va Qirollik antropologiya instituti. U malaylar orasida ayollar ishiga katta qiziqish bilan qaraydi. "[2]"Janob R. N. Bland, KMG janob Robert Norman Bland 1882 yilda Boğazlar xizmatida kursant lavozimiga tayinlangan. U uchta aholi punktida turli idoralarda ishlagan, shuningdek Sungei Ujong va Jelebu 1893 yildan 1895 yilgacha. U 1904 yilda mustamlakachi xazinachi bo'ldi va 1904 yildan 1907 yilgacha Malakka, va pensiyaga chiqqanida 1907 yildan 1910 yilgacha Penangning doimiy maslahatchisi edi. U a C.M.G. keyingi yilda. U o'tmishdagi yodgorliklarning yozuvlarini saqlab qolish uchun juda ko'p ishlarni amalga oshirgan Malakka tarixiy toshbo'roni tasvirlangan asarining muallifi, aks holda faqat halok bo'lish ehtimoli yuqori bo'lgan va u tez-tez yordam bergan. Qirollik Osiyo jamiyati jurnali."[3]

U ushbu lavozimlarni egallagan sanalar yoki davrlarning ba'zan qarama-qarshi hisobotlari, o'sha paytdagi ikkita amaliyotga bog'liq. Birinchidan, bir vaqtning o'zida bir nechta pozitsiyalarni egallash (moddiy rol, boshqa unchalik mazmunli bo'lmagan, vaqtinchalik yoki aktyorlik rollari bilan birgalikda). Va ikkinchidan, rolga tayinlangan (mazmunli), lekin bu rolda ishlamaydigan, boshqasi bu rolni bajaradigan yoki vaqtincha bajaradigan vazifani bajaradigan bo'lsa. Ushbu amaliyotlarni Straits Settlement va uning tayinlanishlari to'g'risidagi hisobotlarda quyida keltirilgan tafsilotlardan ko'rish mumkin F.M.S. davlat xizmati.

Xaroba joylaridagi qabr toshlarini suratga olishda qo'llaniladigan usulning tasviri Malakka shahridagi Avliyo Pol cherkovi Blandning ishi uchun Malakka tarixiy qabr toshlari, 1905.

Davlat xizmatining mustamlaka imtihonlari

Qachon Granville Leveson-Gower, 2-graflik Granvill edi Mustamlakalar bo'yicha davlat kotibi (1868 yil 9-dekabrdan 1870-yil 6-iyulgacha) 20 yoshdan 23 yoshgacha bo'lgan nomzodlar uchun tanlov imtihonlari tashkil etildi. Ser Frank Athelstane Swettenham Bo'g'ozlarga ushbu tizim ostida kelgan birinchi kadetlardan biri bo'lib, u 1882 yilgacha davom etgan. Svettenxemning zamondoshlari ham ushbu tizimga kelgan. Jeyms Kortayt Birch, Charlz Valter Sneyd-Kynnersley, Artur Filip Talbot, Genri Artur O'Brayen, Edvard Charlz Xepvort tepaligi, Frederik Gordon Penni, Edvard Marsh va Uolter Egerton. Ernest Vudford Birch bu vaqtda ham chiqqan, ammo ilgari ishlagan Kadet imtihonlarini kechirgan Mustamlaka idorasi bir muncha vaqt. Jon Vodxaus, Kimberlining birinchi grafligi birinchi bo'lib 1870 yil 6 iyuldan 1874 yil 17 fevralgacha va keyin yana 1880 yil 21 apreldan 1882 yil 16 dekabrigacha mustamlakalar bo'yicha davlat kotibi bo'lib ishlagan. Keyingi davrda Straits Settlements xizmatiga kirish uchun ochiq tanlov, Gonkong va Seylon boshlandi. Muvaffaqiyatli bo'lganlarga ushbu uchta joyda mavjud bo'sh ish o'rinlari orasidan tanlov qilishga ruxsat berildi. Ular saralashdan, so'ngra yuqori darajadagi imtihondan o'tishlari kerak edi. Aynan shu tizim ostida Robert Norman Bland, Uilyam Evans, Reginald Jorj Uotson, Artur Uorren Svit O'Sallivan, Jeyms Oliver Anthonisz, Jorj Tompson Xare, Edvard Lyuis Brokman va Jon Robert Innes Bo'g'ozlar aholi punktlarining mustamlaka ma'muriyati xizmatiga kirdi.[3][5]

Bland o'zining yordamida Sharqiy kadetlik imtihoniga tayyorlandi Wren va Gurney Kollej. U imtihonda 2-o'rinni egalladi. U yolg'iz emas edi. Evans (3-chi), Innes (2-chi), Uotson (2-chi), Sallivan (4-chi) A. H. Kapper (5-chi) va Frensis Pauell (1-chi) ushbu institutdan foydalanganlar.[6]

Kadetlik

1883 yil 21-yanvarda Messageries Maritimes paroxod Iraouaddy [Irrawaddy], kapitan Pasqualini, 23 yoshli Robert Norman Bland va 22 yoshli Uilyam Evans bilan Marselni tark etdi. Ular o'tib ketishdi Neapol, Port-Said, Suvaysh, Adan va Kolombo, etib kelish Singapur bilan birga Borneo kompaniyasi 1883 yil 19 fevral kuni ertalab.[7] Ular qo'nganlarida darhol kelishlari haqida xabar berishdi. 1883 yil 2 martda Hukumat gazetasini bir kunga nashr qiling, Davlat kotibi Bland va Evansni Boğazlar aholi punktlari xizmatiga kursant etib tayinladi. Xuddi shu Gazeta tomonidan Singapurdagi gubernator Jon Xop Kalkkottni Singapurdagi ishlar va tadqiqotlar boshlig'i etib tayinladi va mustamlaka muhandisi o'rinbosari vazifasini bajaruvchi va general-ekspektor Penang, vitse-Uilyam Daniel Bayliss nafaqaga chiqdi; Frederik Charlz Sheppard Malakka shahridagi Works and Surveys boshlig'i va Singapur vitse-vakili Jon Xop Kalkkott lavozimiga ko'tarildi.[8]

Bland amaliyotni xitoy tilini o'rganib, mustamlaka kotibiyatiga biriktirilgan kursant sifatida boshladi.[2]

Keyingi yil, 1884 yil 11-iyun kuni Kadet Bland malay tilida yakuniy imtihonini topshirdi. Buni yozgan 13 iyundagi hukumat gazetasida Davlat kotibi Swettenham va Jon Pickersgill Rodger Perak va Selangor vaqtincha yashovchi fuqarolari sifatida va gubernator vazifasini bajaruvchi bir nechta tayinlovlarni amalga oshirdi: Robert Duglas Xyuett Boğazlı aholi punktlari uchun tinchlik odil sudyasi bo'lish; Politsiya bosh inspektori vazifasini bajaruvchi Robert Valter Maksvell Litsenziyalash odillari kengashi raisiga, Singapur; Xenkok Tomas Xeton Litsenziyalash odillari kengashi a'zosi, Singapur, vitse Richard Spir O'Konnor; E. V. Birch, Singapurni joylashtirish bo'yicha sudga, xitoyliklarning vaqtinchalik himoyachisi va Singapurning yuqumli kasalliklar to'g'risidagi farmoyishi bo'yicha ro'yxatdan o'tgan xodimi. Gubernator vazifasini bajaruvchi, shuningdek, davlat kotibining ma'qullashiga binoan: 1 iyundan boshlab uch yarim oy davomida yarim oylik ish haqi bilan ta'tilni Sungei Ujongda istiqomat qiluvchiga berdi. Uilyam Frensis Born Pol; 13 iyundan boshlab uch oylik ta'til, undan keyin 12 oy davomida yarim oylik ish haqi bilan ta'til Xitoy Singapur protokori vazifasini bajaruvchi Frensis Pauellga; Ikki yarim oylik ta'til, undan keyin to'rt yarim oylik ish haqi yarim baravar, Singapurdagi Buyuk Magistrat va Talablar sudi komissari R. S. O'Konnorga; va Buyuk Britaniya hukumati tomonidan ma'qullangan holda, gubernator Senorni tan oldi Don Karlos de Garsimartin 6 iyundan Ispaniyada konsul sifatida.[9]

1885 yil 13 martda Bland vaqtincha gubernator vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlandi Sesil Klementi Smit xususiy kotib.[10]

1886 yil 1-fevralda Penland shahridagi Savdo-sanoat palatasidagi Qo'mita yig'ilishida X. R. Maynard va Koh Seang Tat bilan birgalikda Penang Savdo palatasining Bosh qo'mitasiga tayinlanganligi haqida xabar berildi. O'sha paytda Qo'mita yaqinlashib kelayotgan Penangning yuz yilligini nishonlash rejalarini va shu bilan bog'liq mablag 'yig'ish tadbirlarini muhokama qilar edi.[11] Biroq, u o'sha yilning avgust oyi oxiriga kelib, voqea haqidagi xabarlarda aniq ko'rinmas edi.[12] Bland, shuningdek, o'sha yilning may oyida ochilgan 1886 yilgi mustamlaka va hindiston ko'rgazmasi uchun mustamlaka hukumatlari tomonidan tayinlangan Singapurdagi Boğazlar aholi punktlari komissiyasining Penang shahridagi mahalliy qo'mitasi a'zosi sifatida ro'yxatga olingan.[13]

Boğazlı aholi punktlari va F.M.S. Davlat xizmatiga tayinlashlar

Nafaqaga chiqqanida, Bland Bo'g'ozlar aholi punktlarining turli qismlarida va Malay Federatsiyasining shtatlarida hukumatning ijroiya, qonun chiqaruvchi va sud hokimiyatlarini qamrab olgan turli xil rollarda xizmat qilgan.

Mahalliy hokimiyat va davlat boshqaruvi

1888 yilda Bland Janubiy okrug okrugi xodimi etib tayinlandi (Nibong Tebal ), Viloyat Uelsli.[1]

1893 yil oxirida Singapurdagi Yer idorasining xodimi Bland, u erda vaqtincha ayblovni o'z zimmasiga olish uchun Sungei Ujongga yo'l oldi, vitse Uolter Egerton Singapurga birinchi magistrat sifatida bordi, kadastr Elkum, Yer idorasida Blanddan keyin.[14] Bland 1893 yil 5-dekabrda Sungei Ujongga poezdda etib keldi, u erda bo'lim boshliqlari stantsiyada uchrashdilar. 6-kuni u Egerton bilan barcha davlat idoralarida bo'ldi, so'ngra yashash joyini boshqarishni o'z zimmasiga oldi.[15]

U 1895 yil yanvaridan aprel oyigacha Negri Sembilanning zobiti sifatida xizmat qilgan.[1]

E. E. Isemonger va X. Trotter nafaqaga chiqqanidan so'ng, kadrlar almashinuvi amalga oshirildi va Bland 1897 yil aprel oyida Viloyat Uelsli uchun katta okrug amaldori vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlandi.[16]

1900 yilning birinchi choragida Bo'g'oz aholi punktlari uchun qamoqxonalar bosh inspektori Bland Malakka doimiy maslahatchisi vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlandi, J. O. Anthonisz esa mavjud vazifalaridan tashqari qamoqxonalar bosh inspektori vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlandi.[17] 1900 yil 1-mayda Bland, shu vaqtgacha amaldorlar qatoriga o'tirgan edi Qonunchilik kengashi mustamlaka xazinachisi vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida endi Malakka rezident maslahatchisi vazifasini bajaruvchi lavozimini egalladi.[18]

1901 yil dekabr oyining birinchi haftasida Bland Malakka shahri va qal'asi uchun munitsipal komissar nomzodini ko'rsatdi va munitsipal kengash raisi o'rinbosari Gilbert Amos Xollga tayinlandi.[19]

1906 yil oktyabr oyida uy ta'tilidan qaytib, Bland va uning rafiqasi Angliyani tark etishdi[20] va o'sha yilning noyabr oyida Singapurga kelib, 21-kuni kelgan Penangga borib, u yerdagi doimiy maslahatchi vazifasini bajaruvchisi etib tayinlanish uchun[21] vitse J. K. BIrch, uch oylik ta'tilda.[22]

1907 yil may oyida, shu darajadagi Penangning doimiy maslahatchisi etib tayinlangan, Bo'g'ozlar aholi punktlari davlat xizmatining I sinf xodimi. Bland bilan birga 1883 yilda kelgan Uilyam Evans xuddi shunday Malakka doimiy maslahatchisi etib tayinlangan.[23]

Bo'g'ozlar aholi punktlari qonunchilik kengashi

Bland o'sha paytda Boğazlar aholi punktlari parlamentida ishlaydigan qonun chiqaruvchi edi, uning Qonunchilik Kengashi, bu Boğazlar aholi punktlari ma'muriyatining mansabdor shaxslar va norasmiylar deb nomlangan keng jamoatchilik a'zolaridan tashkil topgan. hukumat tomonidan. U 1899 yil noyabrdan 1910 yilda nafaqaga chiqqan paytigacha amaldorlar orasida xizmat qilgan.

Bland u erda mustamlaka xazinachisi vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida xizmat qilgan,[24] Malakka doimiy maslahatchisi,[18] Penangning doimiy maslahatchisi,[21] va Penangning doimiy maslahatchisi.[23]

Bland ishtirok etgan so'nggi Qonunchilik Kengashining yig'ilishi 1910 yil 11 aprelda bo'lib o'tdi. Muhokama uchun maqolalar qatorida Malakka maqomini pasaytirish to'g'risida qaror va uning rasmiy vakili bor edi. Norasmiy a'zosi Hurmatli. T. S. Beyker hukumatdan qarorini qayta ko'rib chiqishni iltimos qilib, uni Tan Tszak Kim va boshqa barcha norasmiylar qo'llab-quvvatladi. Rasmiy a'zolarning yagona yordami Blanddan keldi. 7 ovoz "qarshi" va 8 "qarshi" ovoz bilan harakat yutqazdi.[25][26]

Malayya sudlari

1886 yil dekabrda Shri Menantidagi er daromadlari yig'uvchisi lavozimiga tayinlanishidan tashqari, Bland, ayni paytda Malakka Magistrat sifatida xizmat qilgan.[27][28] Martin Lister 1886 yil oxirida Blandni Kollektor va Magistrat o'rniga almashtirdi.[1][29]

1887 yil 27-maydagi hukumat gazetasidan Kadet Bland 1 aprelda qonun bo'yicha so'nggi imtihondan o'tganligini bilib oldik.[30] Va 1887 yil 13-maydagi hukumat gazetasida u Penangda ikkinchi magistratning vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlanganligi to'g'risida, shuningdek, Post Trustterning Penangga qaytib kelgandan so'ng general Postmasterning yordamchisi vazifasini bajaruvchisi lavozimidan ozod qilingan.[31]

1889 yilda gazetalarda "Kapitan Bredberi, Makaron-master, janob RN Bland, katta sudya vazifasini bajaruvchi va kapitan Menzeldan iborat dengiz tergov sudi payshanba kuni Politsiya sudida bo'lib o'tishi haqida xabar beramiz. Trang daryosining kirish qismida, 8-ultimo kechasi, Prye paroxodining yo'qolganligi to'g'risida ma'lumot oling. "[32]

Hukumatning 1890 yil 9 apreldagi 210-sonli xabarnomasiga binoan, Bland Singapurni joylashtirish uchun tinchlik komissiyasiga tayinlangan va 29 avgustdagi hukumat gazetasida u Singapurda aholi punkti vakili etib tayinlangan.[33]

1890 yil 13-sentyabrda Bland Seylonda bo'lmagan, Singapur vitse-prezidenti Antoniszdagi Talablar sudi komissari vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida ish boshladi. Biroq, juda ko'p rollarda xizmat qilish Blandning kuniga ko'plab ishlarni keyinga qoldirishiga olib keldi.[34] Ortiqcha ish o'sdi, ammo 1890 yil noyabr oyining o'rtalarida Antomisning qaytishi bilan aniqlandi.[35]

1891 yilda u tashrif buyuradigan odil sudlov kengashiga tayinlandi va shu yilning dekabr oyiga qadar Singapur qamoqxonasiga tashrif buyuradigan adolat vakili bo'ldi.[36]

1892 yil may oyidagi bir gazetada "Bugungi kunda janob Kynnersley Uchinchi sudda raislik qildi. Janob Vudvord ketganidan beri uning o'rnini to'ldirish uchun biron bir amaldor tayinlanmagan. Hozirgi kelishuv shuki, janob Bland sudda o'tirgan. ertalab va tushdan keyin janob Xare. "[37]

1893 yil boshida Bland 1858 yildagi 36-sonli hind qonuniga binoan telba boshpana tashrif buyuruvchisi etib tayinlandi.[38] 1893 yil aprel oyi oxirida Bland er daromadlarini yig'uvchisi amaldagi vazifalaridan tashqari, Singapur sherifi vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlandi. Sharif Kishe ta'tilda Evropaga jo'nab ketgan Oliy sud vitse-Torntonning kotibi lavozimiga tayinlandi.[39]

1896 yil o'rtalarida T. H. Kershaw Himoyalangan Malay Shtatlari hukumatining yuridik maslahatchisi lavozimini qabul qilib, Bland Kershawning rasmiy tayinlovchi idorasidagi bo'sh lavozimini egallab oldi, er idorasida Bland vazifasini bajaruvchi mustamlaka kotibining ikkinchi yordamchisi E. L. Brokman.[40] Bir necha oy o'tgach, Egerton yo'qligida bunga Singapurda amallar registrining vazifalari qo'shildi. Ayni paytda uning asosiy mavqei Singapurdagi er daromadi yig'uvchisi edi.[41]

1896 yil noyabr oyining oxiriga kelib Bland Sherifning vazifasini bajaruvchi va Singapur vitse-pristavining o'rinbosari L. M. Vudvord etib tayinlanib, Viloyat Uelsli okrugining katta ofitseri lavozimiga tayinlandi.[42]

1899 yil may oyida Bland Litsenziyalash odillari kengashiga tayinlandi.[43]

Qamoqxonalar

1897 yil fevralda Bland Singapurdagi Bo'g'ozlar aholi punktlari qamoqxonalari inspektori vazifasini bajaruvchi va qamoqxonalar noziri etib tayinlandi, Ralf Skot Singapurdagi er daromadlari yig'uvchisi lavozimini egalladi.[44] O'sha yilning noyabr oyida u ushbu tayinlovlarda tasdiqlangan, ammo u Viloyat Uelsliga borishi kerak edi, u erda u erda tumanning katta ofitseri vazifasini bajarishi kerak edi.[45]

1898 yil 15-aprelda Bland kalamush ishi mavjudligini e'lon qildi. Qamoqxonada tayyorlangan savat, stullar va har xil koptoklar, cheklangan miqdordagi tennis to'rlari kabi, arzon narxlarda sotilishi mumkinligi e'lon qilindi. Xotin-qizlar qamoqxonasidagi nozik ishlarning cheklangan buyurtmalari qabul qilinishi mumkin.[46]

1900 yil aprel oyida u Malakka ko'chirilib, u erda doimiy maslahatchi vazifasini bajaradi,[47] 1901 yil oktyabr oyi oxirida uy ta'tilidan qaytgach, Malakka tegishli ravishda xabar berish.[48]

1903 yil oktyabrda qamoqxonalar inspektori Bland yana bir bor Malakkada doimiy maslahatchi sifatida yuborildi.[49]

Mustamlakachi xazinachi

1899 yil 1-noyabrda Bland mustamlaka xazinachisi vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida qasamyod qildi va Qonunchilik kengashidagi o'rnini egalladi. Uning tayinlanishi mavjud vazifalari ustida edi.[24]

1904 yil iyun oyida II (a) sinfidagi qamoqxonalar bosh inspektori Bland I sinfdagi Boğazlar aholi punktlari xazinachisi idorasiga ko'tarildi, vitse F. F. Penni. Biroq, Penni G'aznachi va Bland idorasida Malakkadagi doimiy maslahatchi vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida davom ettirishi kerak edi.[50]

Yer idorasi

1886 yil may oyining oxiriga kelib, Bland Shri Menanti shahrida "Yer daromadlari yig'uvchisini tayinlash uchun Qualla Pilax" ga yo'l oldi va 28 may kuni S.S.Pakan bortiga etib keldi.[1][28][51]

Penangda magistrat bo'lib ishlaganida, 1887 yilda Penland va Viloyat Uelsli shtatlarini qayta o'rganish paytida Bland, viloyat Uelsli tekshiriladigan joylarni Mukimlarga ajratish uchun bekor qilindi. Bu atama shu vaqtda edi Muqim Bo'g'ozlar aholi punktlarida foydalanishga kirishdi.[52]

U 1889 yilda Penangda er daromadlari yig'uvchisi etib tayinlandi. 1890 yil yanvar oyida Blandning Penang shahridagi er daromadi yig'uvchisi Singapurda er daromadlari yig'uvchisi etib tayinlandi, Uilyam Evans, so'ngra Penangdagi xitoylik himoyachining 2-yordamchisi Blandning bo'sh lavozimiga tayinlandi. .[1][53] Shu bilan birga, Bland Singapurda sotiladigan veksellarni ro'yxatdan o'tkazuvchi vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlandi.[54]

1891 yil, Bland uchun, 15 yanvarda Yuqori Xoch ko'chasida joylashgan sobiq Xey San Kongseining mol-mulki (2278 kvadrat metr) va boshqa har xil er uchastkalari kim oshdi savdosiga qo'yilishi kerak edi. 16 aprel, 17 sentyabr.[55] 1892 yil 25 martda kim oshdi savdosi ham uning qo'l ostida bo'lib o'tdi.[56]

1892 yil oktyabrda Tunku Mahmud bin Sulton Ali bilan birga Bland Singapurning demarkatsiya qilingan qismi uchun demarkatsiya bo'yicha mas'ul etib tayinlandi: (a) Rochor yo'li; b) Plyaj yo'li va Kichik xoch ko'chasi; v) Jalon Sulton va Sulton yo'li; d) Arab ko'chasi.[57]

1898 yil dekabrda Bland Singapurdagi qamoqxonalardagi aholi punktlari inspektori va qamoqxonalar noziri lavozimidagi vazifalaridan tashqari Singapurda er daromadlari yig'uvchisi vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlandi.[58]

Bo'g'ozlar aholi punktlari pochta xizmati

1886 yil aprelda Malakkaning doimiy maslahatchisi Dadli Frensis Amelius Hervi uy ta'tilida Evropaga jo'nab ketdi. Bu uning Qonunchilik Kengashidagi rasmiy a'zolari orasidan joy egallash zarurligini vujudga keltirdi va S.S. davlat xizmatida kadrlar almashinuvini keltirib chiqardi. Kengashda mustamlaka xazinachisi vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida o'tirgan Edvin Empson Isemonger Malakka doimiy maslahatchi vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida ko'chib o'tdi; Richard Spear O'Connor, o'sha paytda katta sudya, Isemongerning o'rnini mustamlaka xazinachisi sifatida egalladi; Genri Artur O'Brayen, Malakka sudyasi va Sungei Ujongda Britaniya rezidenti vazifasini bajaruvchi, katta sudya vazifasini bajarishi uchun; Malakka sudyasi vazifasini bajarish uchun Edward Marsh Merewether, er daromadlari yig'uvchisi va Singapurda yangi tayinlangan magistratura; va Xankok Tomas Xauton, yangi tayinlangan politsiya boshlig'i, litsenziyalash bo'yicha amaldor (aktsiz va porox to'g'risidagi farmoyishlar va qonun), ro'yxatga oluvchining muovini (yuqumli kasalliklar to'g'risidagi qaror) va Malakkadagi koroner, Merewether uchun harakat qilish uchun.[59]

Xuddi shunday aralashish Blandning postmaster-general yordamchisi vazifasini bajaruvchisi etib tayinlanishiga olib keldi. General-postmaster yordamchisi lavozimini Penangda ilgari postmaster-general bo'lgan Noel Trotter egallagan, keyinchalik bu lavozim post-general yordamchisiga tushirilgan, o'sha paytda u shu maqsadda Singapurga ko'chib o'tgan edi. Bosh direktor vazifasini bajaruvchi. Trotter ilgari Isemonger uchun bir necha bor ushbu postda ishlagan, u postmaster-general lavozimini ham egallagan. 1887 yil iyulda Hervi qaytib keldi, Isemonger General Postmaster lavozimini davom ettirdi va Trotter Singapurdan Penangga ko'chib o'tdi va yana u erda general-postmaster yordamchisi sifatida davom etdi.[60]

Til maktablari komissiyasi

Hill va Muhtaram Archdeakon Perham bilan birgalikda Bland Penangdagi doimiy maslahatchi raisi huzuridagi Penangdagi vernik maktablarning ishlarini o'rganish uchun komissar etib tayinlandi va 1893 yil 27-iyulda u erga jo'nab ketdi.[61] Sentyabr oyining o'rtalariga kelib, Komissiya Malakada bo'lib, ushbu aholi punktidagi Malay maktablarining ishi to'g'risida surishtirdi va hisobot berdi.[62]

Royalist va vatanparvar

Bland Imperiya ligasi, asosan Malakadagi maktablarda imperiya kunini nishonlash orqali chet elda joylashgan Buyuk Britaniyaning barcha bo'linmalarini aloqaga keltirishga bag'ishlangan. O'zining ochilish marosimida xitoylik Malakkan Ong Kim Vi imperatorlik kunida har yili mukofotni taqdim etish uchun fond yaratdi va Malakaning ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan o'g'il bolalar ishtirok etishlari kerak edi. U bunga bergan 600 dollar yiliga taxminan 40 dollar ishlab, katta o'g'il bolalar raqobatlashadigan sovrinlarni sotib olishga sarflaydi. 19006 yil sentyabr oyida bu haqda yozgan gazetada, shuningdek, Blandning ta'kidlashicha, boshqa ikkita aholi punktidagi hukumat rahbarlaridan farqli o'laroq, uzoqdan hayratga tushadigan odam emas, balki uni o'zlarining boshi deb biladigan ko'plab mahalliy jamoalar bilan shaxsiy munosabatlar mavjud.[63]

1907 yil may oyida Bland Penang bepul maktabi o'quvchilariga Britaniya imperiyasi tarixidagi imtihondan o'tgan eng yaxshi o'quvchilar uchun 25 dollar mukofot taklif qildi.[64]

Malakkada bo'lgani kabi, Bland Penangda imperiya kunini ommaviy ravishda nishonlashni boshladi. 1907 yilda mahalliy aholiga Esplanadadagi Penang bepul maktab kadetlar korpusi tomonidan parad o'tkazildi.[65] 1908 yil may oyida Esplanadada ikki ming talaba yig'ildi. Penang Kadetlar Korpusi va Angliya-Xitoy bepul maktabi o'quvchilari va Avliyo Xavyer maktabi Esplanadada ko'rib chiqildi, mahalliy hamjamiyatning manfaatdor a'zolari tomonidan zich to'plandi.[66]

1908 yil avgustga kelib Bland Penangda Milliy xizmat ligasining filialini tashkil etish bo'yicha choralar ko'rish bilan band edi.[67]

Sog'liqni saqlash, kasalliklar va karantin

Malakkadagi yomg'ir

1900 yilda Malakka vakili vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida Bland yil davomida sodir bo'lgan yomg'ir toshqini epidemiyasini tekshirishda yordam berish maqsadida yigirma sakkizta bufalo va beshta sigirni so'yishni buyurdi. U buni malakali veterinariya xirurgining ko'rigidan o'tkazmasdan va zaharli yuqumli kasallikka chalinganligi aniqlanmaguncha, so'yish taqiqlangan qonunga diqqat bilan rioya qilmasdan qilgan. O'sha yilning noyabr oyida Qonunchilik Kengashi hech qanday norozilik bildirmasdan, Bland tomonidan so'yilgan hayvonlar egalariga tovon puli to'lash uchun 1005 AQSh dollari miqdorida ovoz berdi.[68]

Pulau Jerejak karantin lageri

1910 yil 5-yanvarda Bland mustamlaka muhandisi F. J. Pigott, kolonial muhandis o'rinbosari C. G. May va kapitan Stokli bilan birga gubernator Ser Jon Anderson G.C.M.G. "Prai va Viloyat Uelslining shimoliy okrugi, Kedah chegarasida Permatang va Bindabari tomon avtoulov bilan harakatlanayotganda, partiya Muda daryosidan o'tib, Keda tumanidagi Kuala-Mudaning asosiy shaharchasi Kota tomon o'tdi." Sud binosini, umumiy kasalxonani va politsiya uchastkasini ko'zdan kechirib, 6 yanvar kuni Penangga o'sha yo'nalishda qaytib kelishdi. 7-kuni ular Pulau Jerejakdagi ishlarni tekshirishga kirishdilar.[69][70][71]

1907 yil may oyining o'rtalarida Bland gubernator Ser Jon Anderson bilan birga taklif qilingan F.M.S. uchun saytni tekshirishda qatnashdi. Pulau Jerejakning shimoliy qismida joylashgan karantin lageri.[72]

3 iyun kuni Bland Pulau Jerejakka qaytib keldi, unga koloniya muhandisi o'rinbosari vazifasini bajaruvchi CG May, kolonial jarroh Tomas Krixton Mugliston va ishlar boshlig'i Norman Uilkinson (Uilki) Koloniya va Federatsiya uchun tavsiya etilgan karantin lageri joylashgan joyni tekshirish uchun qaytib keldi. Malay Shtatlari va yangi vaqtinchalik shiypon, undan keyin ular moxov kasalligi uchun yangi joy tanlash uchun Leper Asylum-ga bordilar.[73]

1907 yil sentyabr oyida Britaniya Teesta paroxodida vabo va chechak kasalligi tarqaldi va 3700 hind kouli boshqa vaziyatlar qatorida yarim orolda ko'plab plantatsiyalarga bog'langan edi. Ularning 2500 ga yaqini Pulau Jerejakka, qolgan 1200 nafari Port Svettenxemga tushish uchun mo'ljallangan, Sent-Jon oroliga olib ketilgan. Ushbu yangi oqim, ularning soni 3000 dan oshiq mahbuslarga etkazilib, Pulau Jerejakning resurslarini sinish nuqtasiga yaqinlashtirdi. Malay yarim orolining qishloq xo'jaligi jamiyati tomonidan olib kelingan qishloq xo'jaligi koullari, yog'och shiyponlarda joylashtirilgan, oziqlangan va yog'och skameykalarda uxlagan, bu holat mikroblarning yashashi va infektsiyaning tarqalishiga olib keldi.[74] Bland Pulau Jerejakda qo'riqlash uchun Jorj Taunning Sikx politsiyasidan 50 nafarini jalb qilishi kerak edi.[75] 17 sentyabrga qadar ishlar yaxshilandi, 16 va 17 kunlari qamoqxonada saqlanayotgan jami 900 kishi ozod qilindi va Britaniyaning Hindiston paroxoni Thongvadan 500 yo'lovchini qabul qilish taklif qilindi, qolgan Tongvaning 3000 yo'lovchisining S ga jo'natilishi. John's Island, Singapur.[76]

Fevral oyi oxirida, sayohati paytida o'n to'qqizta o'lim sodir bo'lganidan so'ng, Jidda shahridan 859 ziyoratchilarni olib kelgan Idomeneus Moviy huni paroxoni Penangga etib keldi. 24 ziyoratchi, shu jumladan 7 kishi chechak bilan Pulau Jerejakka qo'ndi, qolgan ziyoratchilar Singapurning Sent-Jons orolida karantin e'lon qilishdi.[77] 1908 yil mart oyining oxirida Koromandel sohilidan Britaniyaning Hindiston paroxoni Thongva Penang Makoni chegaralaridan tashqarida qolishga buyruq berdi. Safar paytida vabo kasal bo'lib, ikkitasi vafot etdi. Qolgan 862 oddiy yo'lovchi va 744 muhojir Pulau Jerejakda karantinga olingan.[78]

1908 yil may oyida Immigrantlarning noziri Lyuis Xare Kleyton Qonunchilik Kengashi oldida 1907 yil uchun Hindiston immigratsiyasi to'g'risida ma'ruza qildi. Raqamlar Pulau Jerejakda boshqarilishi mumkin bo'lgan quvvatni oshirishni talab qildi. Penangga 1907 yilda Janubiy Hindistondan 60 547 muhojir kelgan, bu qayd etilgan eng yuqori ko'rsatkich. Kleytonning xabar berishicha, Pulau Jerejakdagi turar joy 1907 yilda 3500 nafargacha bo'lgan mahbusni kutib olish uchun ancha kengaytirilgan va orolning g'arbiy tomonida qurilish jarayonida yangi va yaxshilangan karantin lageri qurilishi tugashidan oldin kutilgan. 1908 yil oxiri.[79]

Aftidan bu etarli emas edi.

24 iyun kuni Bland Pulau Jerejakdagi o'ttiz ikkita gofrirovka qilingan temir binolarni temir bilan ta'minlash va montaj qilish uchun 1908 yil 12 sentyabr kuni tushga qadar doimiy maslahatchi idorasida qabul qilinadigan tenderlarni chaqirdi.[80] Ish dastlabki taxmin qilinganidan ancha uzoq davom etdi. 1910 yil yanvar oyining birinchi haftasida, nafaqaga chiqib, Koloniyani tark etishidan bir necha oy oldin, Bland gubernator Jon Andersonni u erda olib borilayotgan ishlarni tekshirishda kuzatib bordi.[81]

24 avgustda Bland Penang Xitoy Savdo palatasidan Leong Lok Xing, JP (rais), Lim Xua Cheam, JP Lim Eu Toh, Goh Taik Chee va Yeo Guan Seokdan iborat, rezidentga murojaat qilishni xohlagan deputatni qabul qildi. Yo'lovchilar karantini qoidalari bo'yicha maslahatchi. Ushbu yig'ilishda, shuningdek, katta tibbiyot xodimi vazifasini bajaruvchi doktor Sidney Herbert Reginald Lyusi, Penang, shahar sog'liqni saqlash xodimi doktor Jorj Uilyamson Park va xitoylik himoyachining yordamchisi vazifasini bajaruvchi janob Devid Bitti ishtirok etdilar. Palata Hukumatdan har qanday a'zoga, uning fotosurati qo'yilgan holda, a'zolik guvohnomasini ishlab chiqargan taqdirda, olib kiriladigan portdan erga ruxsat berishini so'radi; va uning a'zolari shahar sog'liqni saqlash xodimi oldida har qanday yo'lovchining kundalik ko'rinishi uchun xavfsizligini ta'minlashi mumkin. Ikkala holatda ham, o'zining yoki boshqa birovning tashqi ko'rinishini kafolatlaydigan a'zosi sukut bo'yicha 100 dollar miqdorida jarima to'laydi. Deputat Palata doimiy maslahatchisiga uning a'zolik guvohnomasi yo'lovchining yuqtirilgan portdan qo'nishiga ruxsat berish uchun etarli kafolat sifatida tan olinishi to'g'risida so'rovini tushuntirish uchun tayinlangan. Bland o'z javobini berishdan oldin deputatdan Palata konstitutsiyasiga tegishli qo'shimcha ma'lumotlarni taqdim etishni so'radi. Ular haqida boshqa xabar yo'q edi.[82]

Ish tobora kattalashib borayotgandek edi.

1908 yil 18-sentyabrda mustamlaka kotibi Kampau Panchor (Pulau Jerejak) da yangi karantin lageri uchun temir-beton iskala qurish uchun tenderlarni chaqirdi.[83]

1910 yilgi byudjet nutqida, 1909 yil 1 oktyabrda, gubernator Ser Jon Anderson Pulau Jerejakdagi yangi karantin lagerida muvaffaqiyatlarga erishilganligini va 1910 yil oxirida tugatilishi kutilganligini ta'kidladi.[84]

Bu emas edi.

1911 yil aprelda, Bland ketganidan bir yil o'tgach, Pulau Jerejakdagi yangi karantin lageri tinch, marosimsiz ochildi. Nihoyat, 500 ming AQSh dollari miqdorida yakunlandi.[85]

Penangdagi Surra

1907 yil 22-mayda Bland Balik Pulau politsiyasidan u erda Glanders paydo bo'lganligi to'g'risida telegramma oldi. Bland zudlik bilan tergov qilish uchun hukumat veterinariya inspektori Alfred Martin Uaytni tepaliklar bo'ylab yubordi. Uayt, uning tashxisini keyinchalik hukumat veterinariya xirurgi Uilyam Genri Makartur tomonidan o'tkazilgan patologik tekshiruv tasdiqladi va u bakteriyalarni Trypanswomes deb aniqladi.[86]

3 iyun kuni Bland Makaltur bilan birga Baliq Pulauga tashrif buyurdi. U kasallik tarqalishini tekshirish uchun qat'iy choralar va barcha choralarni ko'rish kerakligini aniqladi.[86]

Omadli ediki, butun Balik Pulau tumani, oraliq tepaliklar tomonidan Jorj Taunadan ajratilgan holda, karantin uchun mos bo'lgan.[86]

Bir necha kundan keyin Bland Penangdan vijdonli poyga otlaridan tashqari otlarni eksport qilishni taqiqlash to'g'risida buyruq chiqardi,[87] hukumat veterinariya xirurgining McArthur sertifikatidan tashqari.[88]

Malayya tarixidagi lahzalar

Penang baliqchilarining mojarosi

1907 yil mart oyida doimiy maslahatchi vazifasini bajaruvchi Bland Siyam G'arbiy Malay shtatlariga tashrif buyurdi. Penangga qaytib kelgach, u zudlik bilan Penang orolining janubiy qismida joylashgan Gertak Sanggulga bordi va u yerdagi xitoylik qishloq aholisi o'rtasida nizoni hal qildi. Ba'zi baliqchilar Crown Land-da to'rlari uchun ko'proq joy ajratish uchun u erdagi bitta xitoylikka ijaraga berilgan bir nechta kokos daraxtlarini kesib tashlashgan. Tegishli tuman xodimidan ogohlantirish olgandan keyin ular Blandga murojaat qilishdi, u ko'proq joy kerakligini va shuning uchun baliqchilarga ruxsat berilishini aniqladi.[89]

Penangning sampan-erkaklar o'rtasidagi bahs

In 1908, the sampan-men of Penang harbour went on strike. Looking in on the situation, Bland determined the need for a broader and deeper investigation into the complaints of the sampan-men, and the public who complained about their unusual charges. In December 1908, the Government acted on Bland's suggestion and a Committee comprising Judge L. E. P. Wolferstan (Chairman), Harbour Master Commander D. C. MacIntyre R.N.R., and Assistant Protector of Chinese David Beatty was appointed to enquire into the complaints of the sampan men of Penang.[90]

The cause of the strike was, according to the complainants, due to the prohibition of careening and repairing on Weld Quay, and inadequate fares. Launches from the Government Wharves, the Prye Dock and elsewhere, carried on passenger traffic and assisted in loading and discharging cargo.[91]

This strike was carried on by sampan-men of all ethnicities. The sampan-men had earlier on been fined heavily for insisting that passengers pay more than the two cents per passenger each way to and from steamers within the inner harbour and four cents to vessels in the outer harbour set down in the Harbour Rules for Sampans. While some viewed this as extortion there were cases mentioned where passengers gave more than the rules called for, of their own accord. The case where a passenger gave 30 cents and the sampan-man was fined $20 is said to have led to the leaders of the sampan-men initiating the strike. The sampan-men found the prohibition on repairing their boats along Weld Quay a hardship and the fares dictated by the Harbour Rules inadequate. The prohibition, apparently came about because of complaints from tongkang-men who were unable to get near to Weld Quay, being obstructed by sampans laid up for repair. The strike was said to have involved 150 sampans.[92]

According to reports, on 2 November from thirty to forty sampan-men entered the house of the contractor who supplies the Harbour Department with fuel for launches, and threatened to maim him if he refused to join their cause by stopping supplies. The contractor told them he would not have anything to do with them, and, fearing an attack, collected in all of his coolies, although the sampan-men did not reappear. 13-noyabr kuni Lim Eow Thong va Goh Taik Chee introduced a deputation of sampan-men to Assistant Protector of Chinese Beatty, whereupon the sampan-men related the hardship brought about by the prohibition on repairs along Weld Quay, and of the inadequacy of the present fare structure. Beaty said he would lay these complaints before Bland. Following that a meeting took place at Bland's office. In addition to the Chinese sampan-men who talked to Beatty, leaders of the Malay and Indian sampan-men approached Major H. Barry de Hamel, the Chief Police Officer, and L. H. Clayton, the Superintendent of Indian Immigration. The Government refused to do anything unless the sampan-men called off their strike.[93]

The strike ended and the men went back to work on the 14th.[94]

Towards the end of March 1909 an elaborate table of fares for use in Penang Harbour was published in the Government Gazette.[95]

Penang Chong Hwa Confucian School opening

On 8 February 1909 at 12 noon, Penang's Resident Councillor, Bland, officiated at the opening ceremony of the Chung Xva Konfutsiy o'rta maktabi. Assembled there at the opening of the new $80,000 Mandarin-medium school were the principal members of the ethnic-Chinese community of Penang.[96]

Beginning his address, Bland said, "Mr. Thio Tiau Siat was responsible for the building of the new school, at a cost of about $65,000. The site cost $15,000, exclusive of the portion given by the Hok Tek Cheng Sin Kongsi, and the building just opened cost $50,000."[96]

Thio Tiau Siat, or Cheong Fatt Tze as he is known by some today, was a Guandong-born Hakka, a Sumatran planter and businessman, Commissioner of Railways for Swatow and Director of the Canton-Hankow Railway, Sole-Proprietor of the Ban Joo Hin line of steamships at Penang, and Chinese Consul-General for Singapore and Vice-Consul for Penang.[96]

In 1905, Thio, together with Foo Choo Choon and three others, each subscribed $5,000 towards the inauguration of a Mandarin-medium school in Penang, the classes at that time being conducted at a room inside the Penang Chinese Town Hall, the cost of classes at $500 a month being defrayed by Thio. Eventually, a suitable site was identified and secured and a building erected. The new school, situated at Maxwell Road next to the Anglo-Chinese School there, by that time already had a population of 100 pupils and 4 teachers.[96]

Bland noted that it was fitting to have a Mandarin-medium school given that three-fourths of the population of China spoke Mandarin, three-fourths of the population of the Straits Settlements were ethnically Chinese, and that whether Straits-born or China-born, all of them should have the opportunity of learning Mandarin. He commended a knowledge of Chinese Classics to those students in the Colony and trusted that, should they return to China, they would take with them the idea of freedom as imparted to them in that British Colony of the Straits Settlements.[96]

Yeoh Guan Seok, on behalf of the principal ethnic-Chinese members present, thanked Resident Councillor Bland and took the opportunity to dispel a misleading rumour. The establishment of the new institution, he said, had no political intent. There were many ethnic-Chinese in Penang who were naturally interested in the place of their ancestral origins, including its politics, but enjoyed the peace and prosperity they experienced under British governance, also taking a keen interest in the activities and achievements of the British government, so ably represented by Bland. The objects of the new school, Yeoh said, were simply to provide pupils a knowledge of Chinese literature and people, with a view to intellectual development and to help prepare them for careers in business.[96]

Malacca's Victoria Memorial Fountain

On 24 May 1905, Acting Resident Councillor Bland officiated at the unveiling of Malacca's Victoria Memorial Fountain. In his address to the assembled, Bland noted that Malacca owed their memorial largely to the action and efforts of the late Lee Keng Liat and other Chinese gentlemen associated with him. "In 1902 the Committee of the Memorial Fund Singapore had invited Malacca to join them in the erection of a Town Hall in Singapore. A meeting was held in Malacca to discuss this, and on behalf of the Chinese Lee Keng Liat expressed a desire to erect instead some local memorial, and stated that some $1,500 had already been subscribed for that purpose. The meeting upon this decided that a fountain should be erected in front of the Stadt House and designs were called for. The designs submitted locally were not generally approved, and subsequently, Messrs Doulton of London were asked to submit one. They did so and their design with some few alterations was accepted, and had resulted in this graceful memorial, which had been erected at a cost of about $5,000.." Bland said that thanks were due to the late Lee Keng Liat and also to C. Garrard (Secretary of the Committee), Doulton of London, and Superintendent of Works Lupton who had supervised the project.[97]

Malacca's Jubilee Tablet

Acting Resident Councillor Bland officiated at the unveiling of a tablet commemorating the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria at Malacca on 2 July 1900. $2,000 had been contributed by the local population to which Government had added $1,500 making a total of $3,000. From its proceeds a scholarship had been established to be won by the best boy in the seventh standard, which was won in its first year by Sit Peng Lock who held it for a year and was at this date pursuing this studies at the Madras Medical College, and in the second year by A. J. Minjoot who was, at that time, doing well in his studies at Malacca.[98]

Malacca Railway

On 1 December 1905, signalled by the arrival whistle of a locomotive's engine, the Malacca branch of the F.M.S. Railway was declared open, Acting Resident Councillor Bland having arrived at 6.30 a.m. at Kubu Station where he met R. C. Fryer, Firmstone, Lupton and Darbishire (the constructing engineer), after which they proceeded to Tampin, arriving there at 7.40. With the extension of rail services to Malacca, it was now possible to leave there at 1 p.m. and arrive at Penang at 6.21 a.m. the following day, instead of taking two or three days by steamer. The project had pushed ahead with speed. The first sod was cut on 9 June 1901 and plate laying commenced October 1904. Malacca's first engine was put together at the Malacca Yard, and steam was got up on 9 November 1904. The rails were joined to the trunk line on 15 May and the laying of 2.5 miles of railway track completed by 1 December.[99]

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ a b v d e f Who's Who in the Far East, 1906-7, June. Hongkong: China Mail, 1906: 22. Print.
  2. ^ a b v d e f g h men j Rayt, Arnold. Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources. London: Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company, Limited: 126. Print.
  3. ^ a b v Nunn, Bernard. "Some Account of Our Governors and Civil Service." One Hundred Years of Singapore, Being Some Account of the Capital of the Straits Settlements from Its Foundation by Sir Stamford Raffles on 6 February 1819 to 6 February 1919. Ed. Walter Makepeace, Gilbert E. Brroke, and Ronald St. John Braddell. Vol. I (1). London: John Murray, 1911. [140] 69-148. Chop etish.
  4. ^ "Person Page - 27761." The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as Well as the Royal Families of Europe. Ed. Daryl Lundy. Lundy Consulting Ltd., 29 Mar. 2008. Web. 23 May 2015. Citing Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. Burke's Irish Family Records. London, U.K.: Burkes Peerage Ltd, 1976.
  5. ^ [Nunn 1911: 120-121]
  6. ^ "Armiya va davlat xizmatidagi imtihonlar. Xodimlar Wren va Gurni rezident va kundalik talabalarni barcha tanlov imtihonlariga tayyorlaydilar". The Times [London]. 1888 yil 25-avgust. P. 13. Olingan 27 may 2015 - orqali Gazetalar.com. ochiq kirish
  7. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 19 Feb. 1883: 2. Print; Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 26 Feb. 1883: 1. Print.
  8. ^ "Government Gazette, 2nd March." The Straits Times [Straits Times] 3 Mar. 1883: 2. Print.
  9. ^ "The Government Gazette, 13th June." The Straits Times [Singapore] 14 Jun. 1884: 2. Print; "The Government Gazette, 13th June." Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 18 Jun. 1884: 1. Print.
  10. ^ "Government Gazette, 13th March." Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore] 16 Mar. 1885: 3. Print.
  11. ^ "Centenary of Penang. (Penang Gazette 12 February.)" Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 20 Feb. 1886: 1. Print.
  12. ^ Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 25 Aug. 1886: 9. Print.
  13. ^ Colonial and Indian Exhibition, 1886 Official Catalogue. London: W. Clowes, 1886: xxxiii–xxx. Chop etish.
  14. ^ Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 5 Dec. 1893: 1. Print.
  15. ^ "Sungei Ujong News. Sungei Ujong, 7th December." Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 12 Dec. 1893: 7. Print.
  16. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 24 Apr. 1897: 2. Print; Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore] 6 Nov. 1897: 2. Print.
  17. ^ "Gazette Notifications." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 21 Apr. 1900: 3. Print; "Government Gazette." The Straits Times [Singapore] 21 Apr. 1900: 2. Print.
  18. ^ a b "Legislative Council. Tuesday, 1st May, 1900." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 2 May 1900: 3. Print.
  19. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 7 Dec. 1901: 2. Print.
  20. ^ Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser [Singapore] 22 Sep. 1906: 2. Print; Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser [Singapore] 1 Oct. 1906: 4. Print.
  21. ^ a b The Straits Times [Singapore] 26 Nov. 1906: 6. Print.
  22. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 24 Nov. 1906: 6. Print.
  23. ^ a b Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore] 4 May 1907: 7. Print.
  24. ^ a b The Straits Times [Singapore] 1 Nov. 1899: 2. Print; The Straits Times [Singapore] 2 Nov. 1899: 3. Print; The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 2 Nov. 1899: 3. Print; The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 4 Nov. 1899: 2. Print.
  25. ^ "LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL." The Straits Times [Singapore] 12 Apr. 1910: 11. Print.
  26. ^ "LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 12 Apr. 1910: 5. Print
  27. ^ "MALACCA." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 18 Dec. 1886: 8. Print.
  28. ^ a b Kuala Pilax, yilda Negeri Sembilan.
  29. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 18 Dec. 1886: 8. Print.
  30. ^ "Government Gazette, May 27." Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 1 Jun. 1887: 1. Print.
  31. ^ "Government Gazette, 13th May." Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 18 May 1887: 1. Print.
  32. ^ "Penang News". Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore] 11 Jun. 1889: 3. Print; " Penang News. (Penang Gazette, 7 June.)" Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 12 Jun. 1889: 4. Print.
  33. ^ "Government Gazette, 29th August." Daily Advertiser [Singapore] 1 Sep. 1890: 2. Print.
  34. ^ "Court of Requests." Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 22 Oct. 1890: 8. Print.
  35. ^ Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 12 Nov. 1890: 6. Print.
  36. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) [Singapore] 18 Dec. 1891: 2. Print.
  37. ^ Daily Advertiser [Singapore] 14 May 1892: 3. Print.
  38. ^ Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore] 8 Apr. 1893: 2. Print.
  39. ^ Daily Advertiser [Singapore] 21 Apr. 1893: 3. Print; "Government Gazette, April 21." Daily Advertiser [Singapore] 24 Apr. 1893: 2. Print.
  40. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 5 Jun. 1896: 2. Print; "Government Gazette, 5th June." The Straits Times [Singapore] 6 Jun. 1896: 2. Print; The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 6 Jun. 1896: 3. Print; The Straits Times [Singapore] 22 Aug.1896: 2. Print.
  41. ^ "Government Gazette. 25th. Sept." The Straits Times [Singapore] 26 Sept. 1896: 2. Print.
  42. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 28 Nov. 1896: 2. Print.
  43. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 6 May 1899: 3. Print.
  44. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 20 Feb. 1897: 2. Print; The Straits Times [Singapore] 24 Feb. 1897: 2. Print.
  45. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 6 Nov. 1897: 2. Print
  46. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 13 Aug. 1898: 2. Print.
  47. ^ The Straits Times [Penang] 21 Apr. 1900: 2. Print.
  48. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 30 November 1901: 2. Print; Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore] 30 Nov. 1901: 2. Print.
  49. ^ Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore] 14 Oct. 1903: 4. Print.
  50. ^ "Gazetted Promotions." Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore] 25 Jun. 1904: 2. Print.
  51. ^ "Malacca News. Malacca, 29th May." Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 3 Jun. 1886: 13. Print.
  52. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 19 May 1951: 6. Print.
  53. ^ "Government Gazette, 24th January 1890." Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 28 Jan. 1890: 10. Print.
  54. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 7 Jan. 1899: 3. Print.
  55. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 6 Jan. 1891: 2. Print; The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 2 Sep. 1891: 2. Print.
  56. ^ Daily Advertiser [Singapore] 4 Mar. 1892: 2. Print.
  57. ^ "Government Gazette, dated 7th. October 1892." Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 11 Oct. 1892: 6. Print.
  58. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 5 Dec. 1898: 2. Print.
  59. ^ Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 27 Mar1886: 2. Print.
  60. ^ Straits Times Overland Journal [Singapore] 20 Apr. 1880: 12; The Straits Times [Singapore] 20 Mar. 1883: 2. Print; The Straits Times [Singapore] 12 Apr. 1884: 2. Print. The Straits Times [Singapore] 23 Mar. 1885: 2; Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 20 Dec. 1886: 8. Print; Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 11 Apr. 1887: 2; Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 18 May 1887: 1; The Straits Times [Singapore] 14 July 1887: 2.
  61. ^ Straits Times Weekly Issue [Singapore] 8 Aug. 1893: 5. Print.
  62. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 14 Sep. 1893: 2.
  63. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 27 Sep. 1906: 4. Print.
  64. ^ Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser [Singapore] 11 May 1907: 2. Print.
  65. ^ "Empire Day at Penang and Kuala Lumpur." The Straits Times [Singapore] 27 May 1907: 7. Print.
  66. ^ "Celebrations at Penang." Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore] 26 May 1908: 7. Print.
  67. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 12 Aug. 1908: 4. Print.
  68. ^ "LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. Rinderpest Compensation." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 14 Nov. 1900: 3. Print.
  69. ^ "SIR JOHN ANDERSON. Inspects Public Works at Province Wellesley." The Straits Times [Singapore] 6 Jan. 1910: 7. Print.
  70. ^ "Governor's Motor Tour." The Straits Times [Singapore] 8 Jan 1910: 7. Print.
  71. ^ "Governor on Inspection Duty." The Straits Times [Singapore] 7 Jan. 1910: 7. Print.
  72. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 14 May 1907: 7. Print.
  73. ^ Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser [Singapore] 6 Jul. 1907: 2. Print.
  74. ^ "Quarantine Accommodation." The Straits Times [Singapore] 13 Sep. 1907: 7. Print.
  75. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 20 Sep. 1907: 5. Print.
  76. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 19 Sep. 1907: 7. Print.
  77. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 28 Feb. 1908: 6.
  78. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 23 Mar. 1908: 6. Print.
  79. ^ "Indian Immigration". Singapur bepul matbuoti va savdo reklama beruvchisi (1884-1942) 2 May 1908: 7. Print.
  80. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 31 Jul. 1908: 2. Print.
  81. ^ "GOVERNOR ON INSPECTION DUTY." The Straits Times [Singapore] 7 Jan. 1910: 7. Print.
  82. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 26 Aug 1908: 7. Print: The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 28 Aug. 1908: 2. Print.
  83. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 21 Sep. 1908: 12. Print.
  84. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 1 Oct. 1909: 7. Print.
  85. ^ "CAMP AT PULAU JEREJAK." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 10 Apr. 1911: 4. Print.
  86. ^ a b v "SURRA IN BALIK PULAU. Penang Gazette" The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 4 Jun. 1907: 5. Print.
  87. ^ The Straits Times, 8 Jun. 1907: 6. Print.
  88. ^ Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore], 13 Jul. 1907: 6. Print.
  89. ^ Bo'g'ozlar vaqti [Singapore], 15 Mar. 1907: 7. Print.
  90. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 11 Dec. 1908: 4. Print.
  91. ^ "Penang Sampans. A Serious Strike. Launches to the Rescue." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 11 Dec. 1908: 4. Print.
  92. ^ "Penang Sampan Strike." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 16 Nov. 1908: 5. Print.
  93. ^ The Straits Times [Singapore] 17 Nov. 1908: 8. Print.
  94. ^ "Penang Sampan Strike." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 17 Nov. 1908: 8. Print.
  95. ^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 20 Mar. 1909: 6. Print.
  96. ^ a b v d e f "Notes from Penang. Philantrophy of Former Singapore Consul." The Straits Times [Singapore] 11 Feb. 1909: 7. Print; "Penang Mandarin School." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 13 Feb. 1909: 3. Print.
  97. ^ "Empire Day at Malacca." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 27 May 1905: 5. Print.
  98. ^ "Malacca." The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) 3 Jul. 1900: 2. Print.
  99. ^ "OPENING OF THE MALACCA RAILWAY." The Straits Times [Singapore] 4 Dec. 1905: 8. Print.