Kembrij Broklari - The Brocks of Cambridge - Wikipedia

Broklar rassomlar oilasi edi Kembrij oxirida Viktoriya davri davomida Edvard davri va Urushlararo davr. To'rt birodarlar professional rassomlar edilar va rassomlar. Ikki aka-uka (Charlz Edmund va Genri Metyu ) asarlari uchun rasmlari bilan katta obro'ga ega bo'ldi Jeyn Ostin va boshqalar ingliz klassiklari. Bitta birodarimiz matematikadan imtiyozli diplomni qo'lga kiritdi, bu o'sha paytda quyi o'rta sinf vakillari uchun katta yutuq. Uch opa-singilning o'sha davrdagi ijtimoiy me'yorlarga muvofiqligi ancha past bo'lgan. Opa-singillardan kamida bittasi qobiliyatli rassom edi va shoir, lekin u o'z san'ati bilan qancha miqdorda pul topgani aniq emas. The biograf oiladan, Klifford Maykl Kelli ulardan eng mashhurlari - Charlz va Genri haqida yozishni niyat qilgan, ammo barcha aka-ukalar birgalikda ishlaganliklarini va bir-birlarini qo'llab-quvvatlaganliklarini angladilar.[1]:24[eslatma 1]

Ota-onalar

Edmund Brok (1840 yilning uchinchi choragi - 1921 yil 3 aprel)[2][3] 1861 yilgi aholi ro'yxatiga kiritilgan botmaker, uch xodimi bo'lgan botinker Genri Stoun bilan pansionat, yilda Islington, London. Edmund Meri Ann Luiza Pegramga uylandi (1835 - 1912 yil uchinchi choragida)[4] da Regent parki Chapel 1867 yil 23 fevralda. U Tomas Uilining qizi edi[2-eslatma] Pegram (taxminan 1811 - 1893 yil to'rtinchi choragi),[5] ro'yxatga olish kimni egallashi haqida hisobot beradi advokatlik xodimi 1851 yilda, 1861 yilda fotograf va 1871 yilda fotograf. Pegamlar san'atkor oila edi va Meri Annning jiyanlaridan biri haykaltarosh edi. Genri Alfred Pegram RA (1862 yil 27 iyul - 1937 yil 25 mart).[6][7] Illustrator Fred Pegram RI (1870 yil 19-dekabr - 1937 yil 23-avgust), [8]:412 va uning ukasi, haykaltarosh va medal sohibi Alfred Bertram Pegram[9] (1873 yil 17 yanvar - 1941 yil 14 yanvar)[10][11] uning jiyanlari ham bo'lgan.

Edmund Brok juda qobiliyatli bo'lishi kerak edi, chunki 1860-yillarning o'rtalariga kelib u a'zo bo'lgan Dastlabki ingliz tili matni jamiyati va Jamiyat bilan o'z asarlarini nashr etmoqda.[12]:43Britaniya kutubxonasi shuni ko'rsatadiki, u alohida tarjima qilgan yoki tahrir qilgan asarlar orasida:

  • 1865 Janubiy ingliz tilining grammatik shakllari, ab. Milodiy 1220-30 yillarda sodir bo'lgan Ancren Riwle
  • 1871 Morte Artur, yoki, Arturning o'limi (1871) yangi nashr

Shuningdek, u boshqa olimlar bilan birgalikda Kenterberi ertaklari va boshqa o'rta asr matnlari ustida ishlagan. U O'rta asrlar va sharq tillarida kitobxon bo'lish uchun Kembrijga ko'chib o'tdi Kembrij universiteti matbuoti.

Ta'lim

Brok bolalari Angliyaning Sankt-Barnabas cherkovida bolalar va o'smirlar maktabida tahsil olishgan.[1]:20 Keyin bolalar Kembrijdagi Paradise Street-da joylashgan Boys Boys High School maktabiga borishdi.[3-eslatma] Maktab 6d. o'n va 9d gacha bo'lgan o'g'il bolalar uchun bir hafta. agar ular yoshi kattaroq bo'lsa, bir hafta.[13] Kembrij maktabi yaxshi obro'ga ega edi va grantlar olish huquqiga ega edi Fan va san'at bo'limi[4-eslatma] Janubiy Kensingtonda.[15] Maktabning o'ziga xos xususiyati shundaki, fan darslari Janubiy Kensington shahridagi Fan va san'at bo'limi bilan birgalikda har yili may oyida bo'lib o'tadigan imtihonlar bilan mamlakat bo'ylab fan darslari uchun imtihon topshiruvchilar tomonidan belgilangan hujjatlar bilan o'tkazildi.[16] Broklar har bir sovrinli kuni namoyish etilganday tuyuldi, ular, albatta, eng taniqli o'quvchilar edi. 1907 yil aprelda bo'lib o'tgan Old Boyning birinchi yig'ilishida, uchinchi direktor, Ref C. J. Smit Broklar maktabni mashhur qilganini aytdi.[17]

Yigitlar Paradise Street-da joylashgan O'g'il bolalar oliy maktabida, qizlar esa Qizlar oliy maktabida tahsil olishgan.[5-eslatma] Brokks shuningdek, Kembrij san'at maktabida san'atni o'rgangan va ularning barchasi musiqa tayyorgarligiga ega edilar, chunki ularning barchasi cholg'u asboblarida o'ynashgan yoki qo'shiq aytishgan. Do'stlarining uylarida ular muntazam ravishda musiqiy oqshomlarni o'tkazdilar.[1]:22 yoki Genrining uyida Krenford.[1]:134

Oila a'zolari havaskorlar kontsertlarida yaxshi maqsadlar uchun va ayniqsa Avliyo Endryu ko'chasi cherkovi uchun o'tkaziladigan ijtimoiy tadbirlarning doimiy ishtirokchilari bo'lganlar. Bu erda Charlz, Richard va Tomas Kaydarin qo'shiq aytganda, Haydn Triosini o'ynashdi,[18] yoki Tomas va Katarin duet kuylashi,[19] yoki boshqa kontsert hissalari.[20]

Kembrij san'at maktabi

Broksning badiiy mashg'uloti asosan Kembrij san'at maktabi. Maktab ko'pincha tomonidan tashkil etilgan deb aytiladi Uilyam Jon Beamont 1858 yilda.[21] Biroq, maktab allaqachon Ishchi erkaklar kolleji tarkibida mavjud edi. Beamont maktab kotibi bo'lgandan so'ng, shiddat bilan pul yig'di, maktabga yangi hayot berdi va uni gullab-yashnayotgan san'at maktabiga aylantirdi.[22][6-eslatma] Maktab vaqt o'tishi bilan rivojlanib borgan institutlardan biri sifatida bugungi kunda saqlanib kelmoqda Angliya Ruskin universiteti.[24]

Broklardan kamida beshtasi maktabda o'qigan va u erda sovrinlarni qo'lga kiritgan. Charlz maktabda o'qituvchi edi,[25] va Richard 1895 yilgacha o'quvchi-o'qituvchi edi.[26] Maktab Janubiy Kensingtonda joylashgan hukumatning fan va san'at bo'limi bilan bog'liq edi. O'rta maktab ilm-fanni targ'ib qilgan bo'lsa, Kembrij san'at maktabi san'at va hunarmandchilik bo'yicha ta'limni targ'ib qildi. [7-eslatma] Ilm-fan va san'at bo'limi san'at sohasida ta'limni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan sa'y-harakatlar doirasida 1891 yilgacha milliy miqyosda uchta darajadagi mukofotlar bilan taqdirlandi: Bronza medallari, Milliy kitob mukofoti va 3-sinf. Shu vaqtdan boshlab ushbu sovrinlar stipendiyalar bilan va maktablardagi mahalliy mukofotlar bilan almashtirildi,[27] odatda Departamentdan kimdir tomonidan hal qilinadi.

Sovrinlarning qiymatini kontekstga solish uchun 1893 yilda maktabda 196 o'quvchi bor edi va ularning daromadlari 201 17 funtni tashkil etdi. Demak, bitta talabaga o'rtacha to'lov 1 funtdan sal ko'proq bo'lgan.[28] Maktab, shuningdek, Fan va san'at bo'limi granti va Kembrij Buro Kengashi grantiga bog'liq edi.

Kembrij san'at maktabida Broklardan beshtasi olgan mukofotlar va mukofotlar
YilCharlzRichardTomasGenriKatarinIzohlar
1889Hurmat bilan. Erkaklar. Yog 'yoki suv rangidagi tabiatdan eng yaxshi landshaft[29]
1890Bronza medali: Hayotdan bosh tasviri. 3-sinf: Hayotdan boshning bo'r bilan chizilganligi. 3-sinf: Antik davrdan rasmning bo'r bilan chizilganligi. Mahalliy sovrinlar: 1-chi. Hayotdan olingan eng yaxshi rasm yoki chizilgan rasm, 1-chi eng yaxshi bo'r chizilgan.3-sinf: modellar guruhining bo'r bilan chizilganligi. 3-sinf: Kastingdan bezakni bo'r bilan chizish. Ajoyib va ​​mukofot: Modellarning soyali chizilgan rasmlari. A'lo va sovrin: aktyorlar tarkibidan soyali rasm. Mahalliy mukofot: 2-chi eng yaxshi bo'r rasmlari.Zo'r va mukofot: Perspektiv[8-eslatma]
1891Ikki bronza medali: hayotdan boshlarning rasmlari. 3-sinf: Antik va anatomik tadqiqotlardan rasm. Zo'r va mukofot: Natyurmortdan rasm3-sinf: Arxitektura tartibini va bezak qurilishini o'rganish. Zo'r va mukofot: Perspektiv (nazariya va amaliyot)Ajoyib va ​​sovrin: Bepul qo'lda rasm chizish ,. Zo'r va mukofot: Namunaviy rasm.[9-eslatma]
1892Mahalliy mukofot: Hon. Mukofot. Hayotdan rasm.Mahalliy mukofot: Dizayn (1 funt)Mahalliy mukofot: (birinchi qo'shma) aktyorlar tarkibi (10-qism). Ilg'or mavzular bo'yicha imtihonlarda muvaffaqiyat (12s.)[10-eslatma]
1893Mahalliy mukofot: Aktyorlar tarkibidan bo'r bilan chizilgan rasm (1 funt)Mahalliy mukofot: Kechki mashg'ulotlarda ishlash (7s. 6d.)[28]
1894Janubiy Kensington tomonidan taqdim etilgan bepul talabalik. Mahalliy mukofotlar: 1-rasm yoki hayotdan rasm (1 funt). Tabiatdan manzarali rasm (1 funt). Dizayn (1 funt). 2-chi antik davrdan figurani chizish (10-yillar). 1-antiqa buyumlardan boshning chizilganligi (1 funt).Mahalliy mukofot: Xizmatli mehnat to'plamlari uchun (5s). Imtihonlardagi muvaffaqiyati uchun (8s.)[32]
1895Mahalliy mukofot: (Genri bilan teng joy) Hayotdan rasm va rasm (har biri 1 funtdan 1 funt)Ikkinchi bepul talabalik Janubiy Kensington tomonidan ogohlantirildi. Elementlarni aks ettiruvchi to'rtta panel uchun milliy tanlovda Qirolichaning kitob mukofoti. Mahalliy mukofot: (Richard bilan teng joy) Hayotdan rasm va rasm (har biri 1 funtdan 1 funt)Mahalliy sovrinlar: Tabiatdan olingan gullarni o'rganish to'plami. Imtihonlarda muvaffaqiyat.[33]
1896Ma'lumotlar mavjud emas, ammo 1897 yilgi izohlardan ko'rinib turibdiki, Genri yana bepul talabalikka ega bo'ldi.[34]
1897Mahalliy mukofot: Hayotdan rasm yoki rasm (£ 1 1s.) Antikadan rasm (£ 1s.) Hon. Erkaklar. Suv rangidagi gipsdan bitta rangli rasm. Imtihonlarda muvaffaqiyat (7s. 6d.)Bepul talabalik yana Janubiy Kensington tomonidan taqdirlandi. Mahalliy mukofot: Dizayn (£ 1 funt.) Mahalliy mukofot: Hon. Erkaklar. Dizayn[11-eslatma]
1898Mahalliy sovrinlar: 1-rasm Hayotdan rasm yoki rasm. 1-antiqa rasmlar.[35]
1899Mahalliy mukofot: Hon. Erkaklar. Antik davrdan rasm chizish[36]

Din va siyosat

Baptistlar cherkovi; Broklar qatnashgan Endryu ko'chasi.
Cherkovning oldingi balandligi, pastki qavat darajasidan yuqori.

Hamma Broklar St Andrew's Street Baptist Chapel bilan aloqador edi. Ibodat 1721 yilda saytdagi sobiq omborxonada va omborxonada boshlangan. 1764 yilda uning o'rniga kattaroq ibodatxona qurilgan va 1836 yilda daromad olgan. Hozirgi bino 1903 yilda me'morlar Jorj va Reginald Palmer Beynlar tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan.[37] Broklar 1903 yilda yangi Chapelni qurish uchun mablag 'yig'ishda yordam berishdi. Berta va Katarin Gildhalldagi Puritan bozoridagi savdo do'konlarida yangi cherkovga pul yig'ish uchun birodarlar konsertda qatnashishgan.[38] To'rt aka-uka va Charlzning rafiqasi cherkovda bo'lib, 1907 yil avgust oyida Bepul cherkov yozgi maktabini olishdi.[39] Katarin Sent-Endryusdagi qizlar gildiyasining prezidenti bo'lgan.[18] Yuqorida ta'kidlab o'tilganidek, Brooks Sankt-Endryusdagi ijtimoiy funktsiyalar va kontsertlarga tez-tez yordam bergan. Tomas a'zosi edi Robert Xoll Sankt-Endryusda uchrashgan baptist talabalar jamiyati.

Siyosatda oila liberal edi. Charlz 1906 yilda Liberal nomzodni ilgari surish bo'yicha yordamchi edi. 1906 yilgi umumiy saylovlar Edmund va uning uch o'g'li 1909 yilda Liberal partiyaning nomzodi uchun Gildol yig'ilishida qatnashgan.[40] Birodarlar Liberal klubning a'zolari edilar, ularning manzili Kembrijning Dauning-stritda joylashgan.[1]:26 Tomas Kembrij Bilyard Ligasida klubda o'ynagan.[41] va 1920 yilda nafaqaga chiqqanida klubning qo'riqchisi uchun naqd pul taqdimotining asosiy obunachilaridan biri edi.[42]

Oilaviy uy

Nikohdan keyin Edmund va Meri Enn Brok birinchi bo'lib Leyton-Roadga ko'chib o'tdilar, Kentish shahri, Shimoliy London qaerda Elis tug'ilgan (1868). Bu oila uchun faqat birinchi uy edi. Ular yashagan:

  • Xempden Road, Hollouey, London, Charlz 1870 yilda tug'ilgan
  • 7 Cornwall teras, Friern Barnet, Shimoliy London, Richard 1871 yilda tug'ilgan
  • Tomas 1872 yilda tug'ilgan Kembrijdagi Koronatsiya ko'chasi
  • Qolgan uchta bola 1875, 1876, 1879 yillarda tug'ilgan Kembrijdagi Peron ko'chasi, 4-uy
  • 10 Tenison ko'chasi, bu ularning manzili edi 1888 yil sentyabr oyida, Genri kichik fan va san'at stipendiyasi bilan taqdirlanganda.[16]
  • 4 Shimoliy Teras, Kembrij
  • 3 Barrie Villas, Abbey Road, 1889 yil
  • 14 Brunsvik Walk 1894 yilda
  • Arundine House, 35, Madingly Road, taxminan 1898 yil. Bu yaqin yetmish yil davomida oila a'zosi yashaydigan manzil edi.[12-eslatma]

Arundine House katta uch qavatli yakka tartibdagi uy edi. Uyning old tomoni nosimmetrik emas, uyning chap uchdan bir qismi xuddi o'ng uchdan ikki qismiga dastlabki nosimmetrik dizaynga biriktirilganga o'xshaydi. Albatta, u dastlab shunday qurilishi yoki keyinchalik qo'shilishi mumkin edi.[44] Uyning orqa qismida kengaytma sifatida qurilgan bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan uch qavatli ilova mavjud. Arundine House qachon qurilganligi aniq emas, ammo bino allaqachon binoda bo'lgan Ordnance tadqiqot 1886 yilda ushbu hududni o'rganib chiqdi.[45]

Wilberforce Road bilan burchakda joylashgan Madingli Road 33-dagi qo'shni mulk nomi ma'lum bo'lgan Dala hovli1925 yilda Richard va uning rafiqasi tomonidan olib ketilgan. Ular 1935 yilda u erda yashab yurishgan, ammo 1938 yilga kelib ketishgan. Dala hovli hali ham 1960 yilda ishlatilgan, ammo manzil 1966 yilgi saylovlar ro'yxatiga shikoyat qilmaydi. Hozirda sayt Wilberforce yo'liga qaragan uylarning terasidir. 1939 yilda Arundin uyi hali ham bitta bo'linma bo'lganida, saylovlar ro'yxatlari shuni ko'rsatadiki, u 1950 yilga kelib uchta kvartiraga bo'lingan, kvartira bitta ijaraga berilgan, xonadonlar ikki va uchtasi oila a'zolari tomonidan olingan.

Studiya

Katta[13-eslatma] Orqa bog'dagi studiya Broklar tomonidan qurilgan.[46] 1901 yilda Ordnance Survey xaritani qayta ko'rib chiqqanida, studiyaning o'rnida studiyadan kichikroq bino bor edi,[47] ammo 1925 yilgi so'rovga binoan studiya hozirgi shaklda edi.[48] Bu uydan ajralib turadi, lekin unga tom yopishgan. Studiyaning eng hayratlanarli tomoni shundaki, u deyarli ikki qavat balandlikda joylashgan shimolga katta chiroqdir.[49]

Broklar studiyani qurdilar. To'rt birodarimiz ham ushbu studiyada birga ishladilar,[14-eslatma] Charlz va Genri turmushga chiqib, asosiy uydan ko'chib ketganlaridan keyin ham unga kun sayin qaytib kelishadi.[1]:12 Studiya Kattarinning qizi Barbarani hayratga solgan katta "jumbo" pechkasi bilan isitildi.[1]:134[43]

Studiyaning o'ziga xos jihatlaridan biri Charlz va Genri o'sha erda saqlagan davriy kostyumlar va mebellarning to'plami edi, ular kostyum nashrlari va moda plitalari bilan birga Regentsiya davri kabi mualliflarning illyustratsiyalarining aniqligini ta'minlashga yordam berdi Jeyn Ostin. Ba'zan ularning kiyimlari, ayniqsa, o'z modellari uchun ma'lum bir davrga mos keladigan tarzda tikilgan edi. Ularning antiqa buyumlar haqidagi bilimlari qisman so'ralishiga sabab bo'ldi Valter Mallett ning 6-nashrini tasvirlashga yordam berish uchun Eng qadimgi paytdan to hozirgi kungacha mebellarning tasvirlangan tarixi. (1906) Frederik Litchfild (1850-1930).[8]:183 Ushbu nashr 1903 yilgi 5-nashrga qaraganda 86 ta ko'proq sahifa va 100 ta illyustratsiyaga ega edi.[51]

Krenford maktabi

"Krenford maktabi" illyustratsiyasi shunchaki umumiy mashg'ulotga ega bo'lgan "maktab" emas, balki ko'proq uslubga ega edi. U 1891 yil Makmillianning qayta nashr etilishi uchun nomlangan Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell "s Krenford tomonidan Xyu Tomson. Uslubi edi tarixiy mavzularga nostaljik, mehrli va ozgina injiqlik bilan yondashish.[52]:300 Tomsonning kitobdagi tasviri ochildi a Krenford maktabi bilan ajralib turadi endi yo'q bo'lgan filistizm uchun grafik nostalji.[53] Maktab a'zolari o'n sakkizinchi asrda Angliya adabiyoti, san'ati, kostyumlari yoki atmosferasi tomonidan ishdan bo'shatilgan va juda keng miqyosda nostalji sotuvchisi bo'lgan.[8]:184 Bu edi Angliyaning sanoatgacha bo'lgan qishloqlariga qaytish uslubi,[54] Sanoatlashtirish vayronagacha bo'lgan o'tmishdagi oltin davrning nostaljik dam olishiga ixtisoslashgan.[55] Darhaqiqat, faqat yog'och o'ymakorligi o'rniga rasmlarning foto-mexanik reproduksiyasini joriy etish maktabning o'ziga xos nozik qalam chiziqlarini yaratishga imkon berdi.[52]:300

Charlz va Genri ikkalasi ham "Krenford maktabi" a'zolari edi. Charlzning 1902 yilda, Kembrijdagi Grange Rouddagi turmushidan keyin ko'chib o'tgan uyi "Krenford" deb nomlanishi bejiz emas.[56] Garchi Richard xuddi shu uslubda rasm chizgan bo'lsa-da, uni 1920 yilda illyustratsiyaga murojaat qilganida, maktabning a'zosi deb atash qiyin, u orqaga qaytishdan ko'ra zamonaviy mavzularga e'tibor qaratgan. Regency va Gruziya davrlari. Brok bolalarning onalik qarindoshi Fred Pegram RI, shuningdek, maktab a'zosi bo'lgan.

Brok bolalari

Elis Emma (1868 - 1896)

Elis Emma Brok 139 Leyton-Ro'dda tug'ilgan, Kentish shahri, Shimoliy London, 1886 yil 1-yanvarda.[57] U ikkalasi ham Brok bolalarining to'ng'ichi edi va ularning eng qisqa yoshi - yigirma sakkiz yoshida vafot etdi. U juda oz iz qoldirdi. U vafot etdi Buyuk Yarmut,[15-eslatma] Norfolk 1896 yil 24-iyulda. U East View-da peritonitdan charchagan vafot etdi,[16-eslatma] Kliff Xill, Gorleston, Buyuk Yarmut. U vafot etganda uning akasi Tomas yonida edi.[59]

Charlz Edmund (1870 - 1938)

Asosiy maqola: C. E. Brok

Charlz Edmund Brok [[Suv rangidagi qirollik rassomlar instituti | RI]] Brok birodarlaridan eng kattasi va eng muvaffaqiyati bo'lgan. U Hampden Road-dagi oilaviy uyda tug'ilgan, Hollouey, London, Angliya 1870 yil 5-fevral, shanba kuni. Charlz birodarlari singari birinchi navbatda Sent-Barnabadagi kichik va kichkintoylar maktabida o'qigan, undan oldin bu birodarlar ham qatnashgan O'g'il bolalar oliy maktabiga borishdan oldin. Oliy sinf maktabining uchinchi direktori C. J. Smit Broklar o'quvchilarining ichida eng mashxurlari bo'lganligini va Charlzning dastlabki rasmlari va rasmlari uning eng qimmatbaho buyumlaridan biri ekanligini ta'kidladi.[17] Charlz maktabdagi sovg'a kunlarida singillari singari qatnashmagan, ammo u qaerda porlagan bo'lsa, Kembrij san'at maktabida bo'lgan. Bu erda u rasm, bo'r chizish, rasm va hayotdan rasm chizish uchun mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi.[60]

Charlz kamida iste'dodli Kembrij haykaltaroshi Genri Uaylsdan (1838 - 1930 yil 11-avgust) badiiy ta'lim olgan.[61] ular Shimoliy Terasda yashagan paytda Broklarning yaqin qo'shnisi bo'lgan. Charlzning biron bir haykal yasaganligi haqida hech qanday dalil yo'q va u Genri Uaylz va uning otasi toshbo'ronchi Jon Uayls (1812 - 1908) portretlarini bajargan.[62]

Charlz, shuningdek, uchta akasi va kamida bitta singlisi (Katarin) singari Kembrij san'at maktabida o'qigan. 1902 yil 25 sentyabrda Charlz Enni Dadli Smitga uylandi (1879 yil 13 sentyabr - 1959 yil 15 dekabr)[12]:45[63] Avliyo Endryu ko'chasidagi Baptistlar cherkovida. Balog'at oyidan qaytib, er-xotin yashagan Krenford 38 Grange Road-da, Kembrij,[56] u erda vafotigacha qolishi kerak edi. Er-xotinning bolalari yo'q edi.

Kirkpatrik Brok tomonidan tasvirlangan qariyb 270 ta kitob yoki kitoblar to'plamini (masalan, 30-jildlik Takkerey) sanab o'tdi. Bu uning mahsulotining faqat bir qismi edi. U, shuningdek, jurnallarni tasvirlab berdi va asosan etakchi Kembrij akademiklarining portretlarini chizdi.

1921 yil 3-aprelda vafotidan keyin Charlz otasining 142 funt sterlingga teng kichik mulki uchun ijrochi bo'lib xizmat qildi.[3] Bir muddat sog'lig'i yomon bo'lgan Charlz 1938 yil 38-fevralda vafot etdi Krenford, uylanganidan beri u yashagan uy. Uning mulki 2.458 funtga baholandi.[64] Uning bevasi Kembrijdagi 15 Hyuz-Pleysga, singlisi Berta va uning qaynonasi Tomas bilan ko'chib o'tdi.[12]:46 Tomas 1939 yil oxirida vafot etdi, uning uchta ukasi, Richard, Genri va Katarin omon qoldi. Charlzning bevasi Enni Dudli undan yigirma bir yil omon qoldi va 1959 yil 15-dekabrda vafot etdi.[63]

Charlzning zarb rasmlari

Quyidagi tibbiy mavzular Punch illyustratsiyalar Salomlar to'plami. Charlzda 109 ta illyustratsiya nashr etilgan Punch 1901 yil 6-fevraldan 1910-yil 30-martgacha.

  • Illustration from Punch By CE Brock (1870-1938) by courtesy of Wellcome Collection - Out of Danger.jpg
  • Illustration from Punch By CE Brock (1870-1938) by courtesy of Wellcome Collection - Senility.jpg
  • Illustration from Punch By CE Brock (1870-1938) by courtesy of Wellcome Collection - coming around.jpg

Richard Genri (1871 - 1943)

Richard Genri "Dik" Brok 1871 yil 21-iyul, juma kuni tug'ilgan[65] da Kolni Xetch, Londonda. Uning tug'ilishidan ko'p o'tmay uning oilasi Kembrijga ko'chib o'tdi. Birodarlari singari u St Barnabusda, so'ngra O'g'il bolalar uchun yuqori sinf maktabida tahsil oldi. Oliy sinf o'g'il bolalar maktabida u 1889-1890 yillar davomida fan bo'yicha bilim oldi.[17-eslatma] U shuningdek, Kembrij san'at maktabida qatnashdi va u erda milliy mukofotlarning bir qatorini yutdi. 1891 yilga kelib, ro'yxatga olish Richardning nafaqat talaba, balki Kembrij san'at maktabining o'qituvchisi (o'quvchi-o'qituvchi) ham ekanligini ko'rsatdi. U 1895 yilgacha ushbu rolda davom etdi, badiiy maktab qo'mitasi ularning xizmatlarini yo'qotganligini ta'kidladi.[26]

Richard ba'zi bir misollarni keltirdi Chaqaloqlar jurnali va Oila do'sti 1897 yilda, ammo Kirkpatrikning ta'kidlashicha, u keyingi 20 yil davomida rasmga e'tibor qaratgan.[12]:73 Gollandiyaning ta'kidlashicha, Richard diqqatini asosan moylardan iborat mahalliy landshaftlardan o'rtacha daromad olib, rasm chizishga qaratgan. U faqat Kellyning Richardning aytganlarini namoyish etdi shubhasiz, boshqa har qanday mavzudagi Cam tomonidan o'tloqlarda sigir va otlarni bo'yashni afzal ko'rgan.[1]:30 Biroq, Kelli 1908 yildan boshlab, Uels Gardner, Darton va Co kompaniyalari Mukofot yillik har doim o'z rasmlarini qora va oq ranglarda, ko'pincha 30 ta rasmda olib borgan va shu bilan birga u ham shu kompaniyaga rasmlar qo'shgan Chatterbox yillik.[1]:156

Richard nafaqat skripka va viyolonselda o'ynab, mohir musiqachi edi,[12]:74 shuningdek, er-xotin taglik.[1]:22 Richard shunchaki oddiy o'yinchi emas, balki Kembrij orkestrlar jamiyati bilan o'ynagan va 1903 yilda Jamiyat qo'mitasi a'zosi etib saylangan.[66]

Richard nisbatan tez-tez qatnashgan.[18-eslatma] 1916 yilda Richard o'z hissasini qo'sha boshladi Tatler va Punchva uning to'rtta rasmlari nashr etilgan Punch 1916 yil 22 mart - 1917 yil 11 aprel kunlari. Shu vaqtlarda u vaqti-vaqti bilan turli xil davriy nashrlarga o'z hissasini qo'sha boshladi:[12]:74

Richard Meri Kukka (1882 yil 27-noyabrda), Xanvort Yo'lidagi Mustaqil cherkovda maktab xodimi, Xounslow, London 1917 yil 25-avgustda.[12]:74 Er-xotin hech qachon farzand ko'rmaganga o'xshaydi. 1918 yilda Richard Milliy xizmatdan ozod qilishni so'ragan ko'rinadi, chunki keyinchalik uni ko'ngilli sifatida urush ishi bilan shug'ullanganligi sababli olib tashlagan. 45 yoshida Richard 1916 yilda birinchi marta ishga tushirilganda, harbiy xizmatga chaqirish uchun juda yosh bo'lgan edi,[19-eslatma] 1918 yilda o'zgargan. Harbiy xizmat (2-son) 1918 yildagi qonunda yosh chegaralari 18 yoshdan 51 yoshgacha uzaytirilib, Richard 47 yoshida to'rga kiritildi.[68]

Kirkpatrik Richard va Meri 1938 yilgacha Arundin Xausning oilaviy uyida qolganligini aytgan bo'lsa-da, saylovchilar ro'yxatlari ularning qo'shni uyga ko'chib ketganligini ko'rsatmoqda, Dala hovli 1925 yilda va 1935 yilda u erda bo'lgan. Richard studiyada uchta akasi bilan birga ishlagan. Richard 1920 yildan boshlab bolalar kitoblarini astoydil tasvirlashni boshladi Ranchda uch qiz Bessi Marchant tomonidan,[12]:74 va jami kamida 80 ta kitobni tasvirlashga kirishdi.[12]:75 Ularning aksariyati qizlarning hikoyalari edi,[12]:74 lekin u ko'p yillik o'simliklarni ham tasvirlab berdi.[12]:75[1]:156

Kirkpatrikning ta'kidlashicha, Richard 1932 yilda davriy nashrlarni va v. Kitoblarni tasvirlashni to'xtatganga o'xshaydi. 1940 yil. 1939 yilga kelib Richard va Meri Xastingsdagi pansionatni boshqarib, keyinchalik 1940 yilda Londondagi Xounslovga ko'chib o'tdilar.[20-eslatma] Richard 1943 yil 11-iyunda yurak kasalligining 32 Bulstrode Road-da vafot etdi.[12]:75

Gollandiyada Richardning rasmlari ta'kidlangan akasi Garrining illyustratsiyalaridagi mahorat va kuchga ega emas edi.[71] Kellining ta'kidlashicha, uning rasmlari Charlz yoki Genrining rasmlariga mos kelmagan.[1]:156

Richard tomonidan tasvirlangan zarbalar

Richard faqat to'rtta eskizni nashr etdi (punchline rasmlari shunday nomlangan) Punch 1916 yilda uchta, 1917 yilda bitta. Ularning barchasi urushni biron bir tarzda anglatadi. 1917 yilgi eskiz bunga misoldir Punch rassomlar tasvirlangan Er qizlari. Kellining so'zlariga ko'ra, rasmlarda Richard odamlardan ko'ra hayvonlar chizishidan baxtliroq ekanligi ko'rsatilgan.[1]:143

  • Richard H Brock Punch 22 Mar 1916.jpg
  • Richard H Brock Punch 17 May 1916.jpg
  • Richard H Brock Punch 09 Aug 1916.jpg
  • Richard H Brock Punch 11 April 1917.jpg

Tomas Alfred (1872 - 1939)

T. A. Brokning nodir bolalar kitobi illyustratsiyasi[72]

Tomas Alfred 1872 yil 15-dekabr, yakshanba kuni tug'ilgan.[73] ota-onasining to'rtinchi farzandi va Kembrijga ko'chib kelganlaridan beri tug'ilgan birinchi. Birodarlari singari u ham Kembrijdagi yuqori sinf maktabida o'qigan, u erda u yulduz o'quvchisi bo'lgan. U 1b-shaklda bo'lganida u ushbu forma uchun sovrinlar ro'yxatida birinchi o'rinni egallagan. Shuningdek, u o'z xaritasi bo'yicha mukofot va Leeke mukofotini o'z yili uchun oldi.[21-eslatma]

Ikki yil o'tgach, Tomas 1a sinfidagi me'yordan oshib ketganligi uchun yana bir qatnashgani uchun mukofot oldi.[75]

Keyingi yili uning matematik qiyshiqligi matematikaning 3-bosqichida Birinchi sinfga erishganida namoyish etildi.[16] Tomas eng yaxshi matematik bo'lish obro'siga ega bo'ldi Oliy sinf maktabida mavjud bo'lgan.[76]

Tomas g'alaba qozondi o'lchov, ya'ni Kembrijdagi Sent-Joni kollejida matematikani o'rganish uchun kamida qisman stipendiya, u erda 1892 yil 13 oktyabrda qabul qilingan. U 1895 yilda 25 yoshida matematikadan bakalavr diplomini tugatgan [[Wrangler (Kembrij universiteti) | Wrangler). ]]. U 1899 yilda M. A. darajasiga sazovor bo'ldi.[77] U birodarlaridan faqat universitetda o'qigan.

Ba'zi manbalarda Richardni "." Deb atashadi unutilgan Brok Brokning uch birodarining ukasi, Charlz yoki Genridan ancha kam ma'lumotga ega. Tomas umuman esga olinsa, odatda u shunday deyish mumkin matematik bo'ldi.[71] Biroq, Newboltning ta'kidlashicha, to'rtta aka-uka Broklar illyustrator bo'lib ishlagan, ular Charlz va Genri eng taniqli bo'lganlar.[78]:619-20

Butun hayoti davomida Tomas o'zini rassom va rassom sifatida tasvirladi:

  • 1901 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olishda u o'zini Geologik plitalar chizuvchisi deb ta'riflagan.
  • 1911 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olishda u o'z kasbini quyidagicha berdi: Rassom (Paleontografik chizma). Hozirgacha u Arundine House-da yashar edi, u erda uchta akasi bilan studiyani birgalikda ishlatardi. Uning qoldiqlarga oid illyustratsiyalari Paleontografik Jamiyat Monografiyasida muntazam ravishda uchrab turardi.
  • ichida 1939 yil Ro'yxatdan o'tish, u o'z kasbini rassom sifatida berdi: Ilmiy kitoblarning rassomi.

Uning ukalari molbertlarda ishlaganlarida, Tomas ish stantsiyasi mikroskopda edi, chunki u mikroskop slaydlari va darsliklar va jurnallar uchun mikroskopik mavjudotlar va tuzilmalar rasmlarini chizar edi.[1]:23

1904 yilda Tomas ikkinchi mukofot sifatida 40 funtni qo'lga kiritdi Daily Chronicle multfilmlar tanlovi. Ushbu g'alabaga qaramay, Tomas Charlz, Genri va Richard bilan rasm chizishda qatnashmadi Punch lekin u akalari jalb qilgan hazillarning asosiy manbai edi Punch.

Tomas Kembrijda ijtimoiy hayotda to'liq ishtirok etdi. U asosiy a'zosi edi YMCA Adabiy va munozarali jamiyat.[79][80][81][82][83] U shuningdek Ping Pongda o'ynadi,[84][85] va shaxmat va shashka klubi xodimi bo'lgan.[86] U San'at va hunarmandchilik maktabini boshqaradigan mahalliy hokimiyat sub-qo'mitasining a'zosi edi.[87]

Broklarning hammasi Sent-Endryu ko'chasidagi Baptistlar cherkovida ishtirok etgan bo'lsa-da, Tomas va Katarin eng ko'p jalb qilingan ko'rinadi. Tomas, shuningdek, Robert Xoll Jamiyatining a'zosi edi,[88] taniqli klassik olim tomonidan tashkil etilgan baptistlar talabalar jamiyati T. R. Glover va suvga cho'mdiruvchi deb nomlangan Robert Xoll Kembrijda xizmat qilgan. Jamiyat Sent-Endryu ko'chasi cherkovida uchrashdi va hatto 60 yildan keyin ham buni amalga oshirdi.[89] Jamiyat baptist talabalar jamiyatlarining birinchisi bo'lib, oxir-oqibat baptist talabalar federatsiyasiga qo'shildi.[90]

Brok bolalarining kattasi Elis Emma 1896 yil 24-iyulda vafot etdi. Tomas Buyuk Yarmutda uning o'limida qatnashgan.[59] O'tgan yili Tomas B. A. ni qo'lga kiritgan va ehtimol u M. A. ustida ishlagan, u Brunsvik Uolk 14-uyda yashagan. U 21-dekabr kuni soat 3: 30da uydan qisqa yurish uchun chiqib ketgan, ammo qaytib kelmagan. To'rt kundan keyin uning oilasi u haqida har qanday ma'lumotni reklama qildi.[91] Nima bo'lganligi va qachon qaytib kelgani aniq emas.

Tomas hech qachon turmushga chiqmagan. 1938 yoki 1939 yillarda, Tomas va Berta, 1935 yilgi saylovlar ro'yxatida Arundin Xausda yashaganlar, deb yozilganlar, Kembrijning 15-Xau-Pleysiga ko'chib o'tdilar va u erda Charlzning bevasi Enni bilan birga bo'lishdi. Berta o'sha erda 1939 yil 28 fevralda vafot etdi. Tomas o'z irodasini bajaruvchi bo'lib xizmat qildi va uni rassom Tomas Alfred Brok deb atadi.[92] Tomas Berta bilan uzoq vaqt omon qolmadi, 1939 yil 20 oktyabrda Enni bilan birga bo'lgan uyda qisqa kasallikdan so'ng vafot etdi. U Charlz va Berta bilan bir xil uchastkada, Kembrijdagi Xiston Road qabristonida dafn etilgan.[73]

Tomasning texnik rasmlari

Tomasning quyidagi illyustratsiyasi Monografiyada keltirilgan Paleontografik Jamiyat 1909 yildagi 63-jild. Tomas 1900 yildan boshlab Monogafaga ko'plab illyustratsiyalarni qo'shdi.[93] Kembrij universiteti matbuoti yaqinda fotoalbom o'simliklari bo'yicha klassik matnni qayta nashr etdi, unda Tomasning kamida bitta illyustratsiyasi mavjud.[94]

  • Illustration of Cretaceous Lamelliabranchia by Thomas Alfred Brock-Monograph of Palaeontographical Society-Vol63 1909 0239-Plate 35.jpg
  • Illustration of Cretaceous Lamelliabranchia by Thomas Alfred Brock-Monograph of Palaeontographical Society-Vol63 1909 0251-Plate38.jpg
  • Illustration of Cretaceous Lamelliabranchia by Thomas Alfred Brock-Monograph of Palaeontographical Society-Vol63 1909 0255-Plate39.jpg
  • Illustration of Cretaceous Lamelliabranchia by Thomas Alfred Brock-Monograph of Palaeontographical Society-Vol63 1909 0263-Plate41.jpg
  • Illustration of Cretaceous Lamelliabranchia by Thomas Alfred Brock-Monograph of Palaeontographical Society-Vol63 1909 0267-Plate42.jpg
  • Illustration of Cretaceous Lamelliabranchia by Thomas Alfred Brock-Monograph of Palaeontographical Society-Vol63 1909 0271-Plate43.jpg
  • Illustration of Cretaceous Lamelliabranchia by Thomas Alfred Brock-Monograph of Palaeontographical Society-Vol63 1909 0275-Plate44.jpg

Genri Metyu (1875 - 1960)

Asosiy maqola: H. M. Brok

Genri Metyu "Garri" Brok RI 1875 yil 11-iyul, yakshanba kuni tug'ilgan. U "Broklar" ning eng samarali rassomi va o'z avlodlarining eng samarali rassomlaridan biri bo'lgan.[12]:55 U Brok birodarlarining 85 yoshida vafot etgan eng uzoq umr ko'rgan. Uning birodarlaridan faqat 91 yoshgacha bo'lgan Katarin uzoqroq umr ko'rgan. Kelli o'z kitobidagi plitalarga Genri 78 yoshida o'zining molbertida ishlayotgan fotosuratini kiritdi.[1]:48-49

Birodarlari singari u avval ham Sankt-Barnabada o'qigan va aka-ukalari singari u ham yuqori sinf bolalar maktabida o'qigan. Bu erda u doimiy sovrin egasi edi. U Kembrij san'at maktabida o'qiganida, u tomonidan bir necha bor bepul talabalar tomonidan mukofotlangan Fan va san'at bo'limi Janubiy Kensingtonda.

Uning birinchi kitob illyustratsiyasi Makmillan tomonidan tarixni o'qish uchun Charlz bilan hamkorlikda ish olib borgan ko'rinadi. Buning ortidan 40 ta rasm tasvirlangan Frederik Marryat "s Yafet otani qidirishda (Makmillan, London. 1885). O'sha paytdan boshlab u deyarli o'limigacha kitob va jurnallarni tasvirlab berdi.

Genri Doris Joan Pegramga uylandi (1886 yil 12-iyun - 1979 yil 1-noyabr)[95][96] 1912 yil 7 sentyabrda Xempsteddagi Sent-Polda.[97] Doris Genrining amakivachchasi, haykaltaroshining to'ng'ich qizi edi Genri Alfred Pegram va Elis Lambert (1865 yil 13-yanvarda tug'ilgan),[98][99] 1881 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olishda rassomning modeli sifatida tasvirlangan. Houfe ham, Kirkpatrick ham Dorisning rassomning singlisi ekanligini ta'kidlamoqdalar Fred Pegram.[8]:245[12]:57 ammo ro'yxatga olish natijalarini yaqindan o'rganish shuni ko'rsatadiki, Tomas Vili Pegram Richardning onasi bobosi, Fredning otasi bobosi va Dorisning otasining bobosi bo'lgan. Shuning uchun Doris Fredning birinchi amakivachchasining qizi, Genri esa Fredning birinchi amakivachchasi bo'lgan.[22-eslatma]

Bu juftlik Genri Kembrijdagi "Storey's Way", 63-uy "Woodstock" da loyihalashtirgan uyda yashagan. Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan so'ng, er-xotin, endi uchta kvartiraga bo'lingan Arundine House-ga qaytib kelishdi. Ikki qizi bilan ular kvartira 2 va kvartira 3 da yashashgan. Er-xotinning uchta farzandi bor edi:

  • Margaret Marion Brok (1913 yil 12-noyabr - 1967 yil 3-yanvar)[95][100] U ishtirok etdi Perse qizlar uchun maktabi Kembrijda.[1]:11 Marion Kembrijdagi Ayollar instituti bilan jiddiy aloqada bo'lgan. Marion hech qachon turmushga chiqmagan va u hali ham Arundin xonadonlaridan birida yashagan, 1967 yil 3-yanvarda Addenbrooks kasalxonasida, to'satdan vafot etgan vafot etgan.[1]:11[100]
  • Joan Penelope Brock (1917 yil 11 fevral - 1992 yil 21 sentyabr)[95][101] U singlisi singari u ham qatnashgan Perse qizlar uchun maktabi.[1]:11 Joan qarib qolgan onasiga qarash uchun qaytib kelganida, Londondagi suratkashlar firmasida ishlagan.[1]:12
  • Bevis Genri Brok (1921 yil 22-fevral - 2005 yil 7-noyabr)[95][102] Bevis ishtirok etdi Leys maktabi undan keyin Klerj kolleji, Kembrij tibbiyotni o'rganish uchun King's College Hospital-da klinik mashg'ulotlardan o'tdi va oxir-oqibat ortoped-jarroh sifatida malakasini oldi. U Margaret Doroti g'origa uylangan (1919 yil 5-may - 1992 yil 29-may),[103][104] Kings-da boshqaruvchi fizioterapevt. Afsuski, Doroti shartnoma tuzdi qizilcha u homilador bo'lganida va Kristofer Bevis Brok (1946 yil 27-noyabr -) kar, soqov va ko'r bo'lib tug'ilgan.[23-eslatma] Margaret Rubella Group xayriya tashkilotiga asos solgan va keyinchalik uning nomi Sense deb o'zgartirilgan. Margaret an OBE xayriya bilan ishlaganligi uchun va u Kristoferning biografiyasini nashr etdi Kristofer: Jim hayot (Makmillan, London. 1975).[105]:hayot

Er-xotinning yana bir farzandi bor edi, u qizi - Elizabeth A Brok (1950 yil 26-avgust), u onasining izidan fizioterapevt sifatida o'qigan, ammo skleroz bilan kasallanib, qirq yoshida vafot etgan. Margaret vafot etganidan so'ng, u Solsberi kasalxonalarida uzoq vaqt xizmat qilgan singlisiga uylandi, lekin u ham undan voz kechdi.[106]

Broklar shunchalik talabga ega edilarki, ular Birinchi Jahon Urushidan keyin bironta agentni ish bilan ta'minlamadilar.[1]:11 Urushdan keyin tasvirlangan sovg'a kitoblari tanazzulga yuz tutdi va 1929 - 1930 yillardagi moliyaviy halokat natijasida yo'q qilindi.[50]:2 Hayoti davomida Genri 550 dan ortiq kitobni tasvirlab berdi.[12]:60-73 Ushbu kitoblarning ba'zilari boshqalar bilan hamkorlikda tasvirlangan, ammo u hali ham juda katta ish hajmini anglatadi, ayniqsa uning barcha asarlari hisobga olinsa, nafaqat 415 ta rasm Punch ammo jurnallar va seriallar uchun barcha rasmlar.

Genri Arundine House uyida (Madingli ko'chasi, 35-uyning 2-kvartirasida) yashagan va 1960 yil 21-iyulda vafot etgan.[107] O'shandan beri uning ko'zi yomonlashgan Ikkinchi jahon urushi va kelini uni qiyinchilik bilan kar, soqov va ko'rning o'g'lining eskizini tayyorlayotgani haqida xabar berib, so'ngra ularning qaysi birining ko'zi yomonroq ekanligi shubhali ekanligini aytdi.[105]:13 Qarigan sari Genrining ko'rish qobiliyati yomonlashishda davom etdi.[12]:59 Doris 1979 yil 1-noyabrgacha yashagan va Kelli tomonidan Broklar biografiyasining asosiy ma'lumotlaridan biri bo'lgan.[1]:11

Genri tomonidan zarb qilingan rasmlar

Quyidagi tibbiy mavzular Punch illyustratsiyalar Salomlar to'plami. Genri Punch-da 1905-yil 19-iyuldan 1940-yil 6-martgacha nashr etilgan 415 ta rasmga ega edi.

  • Illustration from Punch By HM Brock (1875-1960) by courtesy of Wellcome Collection - Violet Rays.jpg
  • Illustration from Punch By HM Brock (1875-1960) by courtesy of Wellcome Collection - Two Meals a day.jpg
  • Illustration from Punch By HM Brock (1875-1960) by courtesy of Wellcome Collection - Quack.jpg
  • Illustration from Punch By HM Brock (1875-1960) by courtesy of Wellcome Collection - Grace.jpg

Katarin Elison (1876 - 1967)

Ketrin Elison "Keyt" Brok 1876 yil 10-dekabr, yakshanba kuni tug'ilgan. U Qizlar uchun yuqori sinf maktabida o'qigan. U 1893 yilda Kembrij san'at maktabida "Model Drawing" ning 1-sinfida qatnashganligi va "Geometrik" rasmini topshirganligi sababli u ba'zi bir badiiy qobiliyatlarga ega.[28] 1895 yilda u tabiat gullarini o'rganish uchun ham, San'at maktabidagi imtihonlarda muvaffaqiyat uchun ham sovrinlarni qo'lga kiritdi.[26] Katarin akalari singari rassomga aylanishi mumkin edi, ammo Kelli ta'kidlaganidek, vaqt tartibida she stayed at home as the mainstay of the household as her mother grew old and infirm.[24-eslatma]

Katharine was very involved with the Chapel on St. Andrew's Street, Cambridge. She was the president of the St. Andrew's Girls Guild,[18] supported fundraising efforts, and was a regular performer at social functions, manning a stall at the 1903 Puritan Bazaar with her sister Bertha and featuring in the concert afterwards with Charles and Thomas.[38] Katharine not only did the sweets with her sister-in-law Annie Dudley, but also contributed to the evening concert at the sale of work for the Baptist missionerlar jamiyati 1908 yilda.[20] Katharine sang at the function on 12 March 1909, together with Gertrude Alice Struggles, who later married Katharine's brother-in-law, Dudley James Smith, who played in a quartet that evening with his future wife, and with Katharine's brother Thomas.[108]

Katharine wrote poetry and saw it published in magazines,[109][110][111] va gazetalar.[112][113]

Katharine married her brother-in-law, Harold Lindsay Smith (31 May 1880 – 29 September 1961),[114] a bookseller's assistant dealing with overseas correspondence, in the third quarter of 1911,[115] nine years after her brother Charles had married Harold's sister Annie Dudley. Like the Brocks, the Smiths were a close family and, after the death of the third sibling Dudley James Smith (18 December 1883 – 18 August 1917) in Flanders during Birinchi jahon urushi, the electoral register shows Harold and Katharine lived next door to his widow Gertrude Alice (Struggles) (4 October 1888 – 14 August 1974).[116][25-eslatma]

Harold and Katharine had one child, Barbara Noel (25 December 1913 – 31 July 2000),[114][118] a shoir who published at least four volumes of poetry. Barbara married the matematik Bernard Scott (27 Aug 1915 – 7 November 1993).[119] yilda Kembrij, Angliya during the third quarter of 1939. The couple had four sons and the marriage was dissolved in 1972.[26-eslatma] Barbara died in Burgess tepaligi, G'arbiy Sasseks on 31 July 2000, and was cremated in Cambridge on 16 August 2000, with her family taking away the ashes.[120] Barbara's son Colin Richard and his wife Diane were her executors, and her son Godfrey Peter, then living in Ann Arbor Michigan, as her literary executor.[121]

Katharine died in Lewes, Sasseks on 31 December 1967. The was the last and the longest lived of the seven Brock children. She was cremated at the Cambridge City Council's crematorium at Dry Drayton on 5 January 1968 and her ashes were scattered in the crematorium garden.[122]

Example of a poem by Katharine Alison Brock

Ushbu she'r, Uzoq tun by Katharine appeared in the Yakshanba jurnali and was republished in several newspapers.[123]

Night spreads her cool, dark wings o'er all the land,
And under them I fain would fall asleep;
Fain would find rest for weary heart and hand,
And eyes that now unwilling vigil keep.

Yet, o'er and o'er, the doings of the day
With wearying insistence fill the brain;
And hour by hour the long night steals away,
And still I wake, and seek for sleep in vain.

The window shows square of lesser dark,
And frames a apace of star-besprinkled sky;
So small a space, and yet how many a spark,
Each spark a world, gleams there before mine eye.

Countless thev seem, yet, thinking to beguile
Some of the tedious moments left of night,
Idly I undertake the task, and while
I know it hopeless, count those points of light.

When lo! it slowly dawns upon mind
That this is sunlight creeping o'er the bed
And I, no longer weary, wake to find
Sleep was guest, all unknown till she fled.

Bertha Matilda (1879 – 1939)

Bertha Matilda was born at 4 Perowne Street, Kembrij on Sunday 7 December 1879.[124] She was the baby of the family, but very little is known about her.

The Electoral Register shows Bertha and Thomas both living at Arundine House in 1935, but at the time of her death she was living at 15 Howes Place, Cambridge, again with Thomas. Charles's Widow was also at that address in 1939. Bertha died there, after a short illness, on 28 February 1939, and was buried in Histon Road cemetery together with Charles, who died 12 months before her and Thomas who died 8 months after her.[124]

Izohlar

  1. ^ However, he mentions Alice only in passing, leaves her out in his count of brothers and sisters, ignores Bertha, and makes only a few references to Katherine.
  2. ^ This is sometimes given as Wesley, but a number of primary sources and Kelly give it as Weeley.
  3. ^ The name Higher Grade referred to the fact that these schools aimed for a higher standard than the existing elementary schools.
  4. ^ The Fan va san'at bo'limi was a British Government body, initially a subdivision of the Savdo kengashi, that was tasked with promoting education in art, science, technology, and design in the UK.[14]
  5. ^ Kelly gives the address of the Girls' Higher Grade School as being in Park Street, but A History of the County of Cambridge . . . states that the Girls' Higher Grade School in Eden Street opened in 1875 or 1876 and that the school in Park Street only opened as a Higher Grade School in 1896, when the youngest Brock girl, Bertha, was 17.[1]:20
  6. ^ John Ruskin to give the inaugural address for the expanded school, which sometimes leads to Ruskin being credited as the founder of the school.[23]
  7. ^ There was also a Cambridge and County School of Arts and Crafts, run jointly by the Country Council and Cambridge Burrough Council. This too appears to have become part of Angliya Ruskin universiteti via the Cambridgeshire College of Art and Technology.
  8. ^ Charles' Bronze Medal was the first national medal that the school had won since 1871.[30]
  9. ^ Charles won bronze medals for each of two portraits that were displayed at South Kensington.[31]
  10. ^ There were no more national prizes, apart from scholarships and specific competitions, and local prizes became more important.[27]
  11. ^ Thomas had been studying for his degree until 1895, and there is no data on prizes and awards in 1896.[34]
  12. ^ The electoral register shows Henry's daughters at this address in 1966, and it was the address given for Margaret when she died in 1967.[43]
  13. ^ The Studio seems to be about 7 m by 13 m in area and is nearly as tall as the house.
  14. ^ Percy Bradshaw described the four brothers as working in a large old world studio . . . in a Jane Austen atmosphere[50]:24
  15. ^ Great Yarmouth is probably the nearest sea-side town to Cambridge by the then main-line rail network.[58]
  16. ^ Presumably a guest house, as the name suggests a house looking out over the sea, as Cliff Hill offers some good seaward views. Gorleston is on the south bank of the mouth of the Yare daryosi.
  17. ^ This was presumably a scholarship awarded by the Department of Science and Art.
  18. ^ Brock exhibited as follows: 18 works at the Qirollik Birmingem rassomlar jamiyati, 19 works at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, one work at the Manchester Siti san'at galereyasi, eight works at the Qirollik akademiyasi, three works at the Britaniya rassomlari qirollik jamiyati, eight works at the Suv rangidagi qirollik rassomlar instituti, and one work at the Qirollik yog 'rassomlari instituti.[67]
  19. ^ Military Service (no. 2) Act of 1916, introduced conscription in Great Britain for all healthy males from 19 to 40 years of age.
  20. ^ Kirkpatrick notes that Richard and Mary stopped advertising the boarding house after June 1940. In fact, they were still advertising it in July, but by then, the emergency regulations concerning coastal areas would have prevented anyone staying at the guest-house who was not already a Hasting's resident, and the beaches were closed-off and mined.[12]:75[69][70]
  21. ^ Presumably the Mapping Prize given by Mr Papworth was for map work. The donor here may have been Wyatt Papworth, an architect and surveyor with an interest in technical education. It is not clear from the context what the Leeke prizes were. Perhaps they were prizes for mathematics instituted by Edward Tucker Leeke kim bo'lgan Ikkinchi Wrangler (Second best in Maths in the year) when he graduated from Cambridge.[74]
  22. ^ Doris was the first cousin, once removed, of both Richard and Fred.
  23. ^ These are the terms which Margaret herself used to describe her son, with the later addition of educationally subnormal.[105]:44
  24. ^ The 1911 census shows that household included a sick-nurse, presumably for Katharine's mother, who died in 1912, but was ill enough to require a sick nurse in 1911.[1]:41
  25. ^ As a member of the middle-class, Gertude qualified for an "alternative pension" worth twice the normal pension, through the system which took pre-war earnings into account in determining the size of a soldier's pension.[117]
  26. ^ Scott had changed his name from Schultz in 1939. His family were Jewish fur and skin merchants in Golders Green Londonda. He worked on code breaking at Bletchli bog'i davomida Ikkinchi jahon urushi. He was the founding Professor of Mathematics at Sasseks universiteti, from 1962 to 1980.[119]

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