Ekvadorda turizm - Tourism in Ecuador

Ekvador juda katta tabiiy va madaniy boylikka ega mamlakatdir. To'rt mintaqaning xilma-xilligi natijasida yuz minglab flora va fauna turlari paydo bo'ldi. Unda 1640 ga yaqin qush turlari mavjud. Kelebeklarning turlari 4500 ta, 345 ta sudralib yuruvchilar, 358 ta amfibiyalar va 258 ta sutemizuvchilar qatoriga kiradi. Ekvador sayyoramizning eng katta bioxilma-xilligi jamlangan 17 mamlakatdan biri hisoblanadi. Uning flora va faunasining aksariyati davlat tomonidan muhofaza qilinadigan 26 ta hududda yashaydi. Shuningdek, u Kito, oziq-ovqat va turli madaniyat va an'analar kabi tarixiy diqqatga sazovor joylarni taklif etadi.

Ekvadorni shimoldan janubga a vulqon bo'limi ning And 70  vulqonlar, qanchalik baland bo'lsa Chimborazo, 6310 bilanm ^[1] G'arbiy And tog'lari Guayakil ko'rfazi va o'rmonli tekislik; sharqda Amazon. Bu eng yuqori kontsentratsiyaga ega mamlakat daryolar dunyoda har kvadrat kilometrga to'g'ri keladi. O'z ichiga olgan Ekvador hududida Galapagos orollari Sohildan 1000 km g'arbda eng zich joylashgan biologik xilma-xillik sayyorada.

Axborot va turizm vazirligi 1992 yil 10 avgustda hukumat boshida tashkil etilgan Sixto Duran Balen turizmni xalqlarning iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy rivojlanishi uchun asosiy faoliyat sifatida tasavvur qilgan. 1994 yil iyun oyida turizm sohasining o'sishi bilan taqqoslaganda, axborot turizmini ajratish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilindi, faqat ushbu faoliyatni rivojlantirish va kuchaytirishga bag'ishlangan.

Turistik diqqatga sazovor joylar

Tabiat va biologik xilma-xillik

Galapagos orollari

Galapagos orollarining ko'plab endemik faunalaridan biri.

Galapagos orollari (rasmiy ravishda Kolon arxipelagi) - Tinch okeanida Ekvador sohilidan 972 km uzoqlikda joylashgan arxipelag. U quruqlikdagi ekvator chizig'i atrofida tarqalgan 13 ta katta vulqon orollaridan, 6 ta kichik orollardan va 107 ta tosh va orollardan iborat. Galapagos arxipelagi - Ekvadorning eng yirik ilmiy va turistik diqqatga sazovor joylaridan biri; shubhasiz, bu mamlakatning eng taniqli va mashhur jozibador joyi.

Ayni paytda Galapagosga tashrif buyuruvchilar soni yiliga 200 000 ga yaqin sayyohga etadi.

Ma'muriy jihatdan orollar a viloyat poytaxti bo'lgan Ekvador Puerto Baqerizo Moreno (rasmiy ravishda, shuningdek, deyiladi Ekvadorning orollari). 1832 yil 12 fevralda prezidentligi ostida Xuan Xose Flores, Galapagos orollari Ekvadorga qo'shib olindi. 1973 yil 18 fevraldan boshlab ushbu mamlakatning bir viloyati tashkil etiladi.

Taxminlarga ko'ra, birinchi orolning shakllanishi 5 million yildan ko'proq vaqt oldin, tektonik faollik natijasida sodir bo'lgan. Isabela va Fernandina deb nomlangan eng so'nggi orollar hali ham shakllanish bosqichida, so'nggi 2009 yilda vulqon otilishi qayd etilgan.

Galapagos orollari ko'plab sonli endemik turlari va bilan mashhur Charlz Darvin uni yaratishga olib kelgan tadqiqotlar Evolyutsiya nazariyasi tomonidan tabiiy selektsiya. Turistik jihatdan "sehrlangan orollar" u erda topilgan o'simlik va hayvonot dunyosi deyarli noyobdir va uni dunyoning boshqa joylarida uchratib bo'lmaydi. Shuning uchun ko'p odamlar ularga hayvonlar va noyob o'simliklarni bilish va zavq olish uchun tashrif buyurishadi.

Galapagoslar e'lon qilindi milliy bog 1959 yilda arxipelag quruqligining 97,5 foizini himoya qildi. Qolgan hudud deklaratsiya paytida allaqachon mavjud bo'lgan aholi punktlari tomonidan ishg'ol qilingan. O'sha paytgacha to'rtta orolda 1000-2000 kishi yashagan. 1972 yilda aholini ro'yxatga olish natijasida Galapagosda 3488 kishi yashaganligi aniqlangan bo'lsa, 1980 yilda bu raqam keskin ko'payib, 20 mingdan oshdi.

1986 yilda orollarni o'rab turgan dengiz dengiz qo'riqxonasi deb e'lon qilindi. YuNESKO ro'yxatiga Galapagosga kiritilgan Jahon merosi 1978 yilda va 2001 yil dekabrda ushbu deklaratsiya dengiz qo'riqxonasiga etkazildi.

2007 yilda u ro'yxatiga kiritilgan Xavf ostida bo'lgan dunyo merosi ro'yxati, ommaviy turizm va invaziv turlar tufayli. 2010 yil 29 iyulda Galapagos orollari YUNESKOning meros qo'mitasi tomonidan yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan meros ro'yxatidan chiqarildi.^[2]

Arxipelagda Galapagosning saqlanib qolishini ta'minlashga qaratilgan turli xil xalqaro raqamlar mavjud; shu jumladan: dunyo tabiiy merosi qo'riqxonasi, Ramsar qo'riqxonasi, kitlar qo'riqxonasi, biosfera qo'riqxonasi va boshqalar. Tabiatni muhofaza qilishning global strategiyasi Galapagosni muhofaza etiladigan hududlarni barpo etishning ustuvor biogeografik viloyati sifatida belgilaydi. Milliy bog 'va dengiz qo'riqxonalari raqamlari, Ekvador hukumatining Galapaguians, Ekvadorliklar va umuman insoniyatning kelajak avlodlari uchun ushbu muhim merosni saqlab qolish majburiyatini aks ettiradi^[3]

Baños de Agua Santa

Rio Verdening sharsharasi, Pailon del Diablo

Baños de Agua Santa sayyohlarni eng ko'p jalb qiladigan shaharlaridan biri bo'lganligi bilan mashhur Ekvador, 3 da soat Kito janubida. Ekvador markazida, And va Ekvador Amazonasi o'rtasida strategik ravishda joylashgan bo'lib, yil davomida o'rtacha mo''tadil bahorgi ob-havo, o'rtacha harorat 18 ° C, 1820 balandlikda joylashgan. m yon bag'irlarida Tunguraxua vulqon. The WWF Baños "Yerga sovg'a" nominatsiyasini berdi. Bu bir qator tadbirlar va diqqatga sazovor joylardan bahramand bo'lish uchun ideal joy. Sangay va Llangantes milliy bog'lari o'rtasida joylashgan,

U "El Dorado darvozasi" nomi bilan ham tanilgan va "Osmonning bir qismi" ham ko'plab diqqatga sazovor joylarni taklif etadi: U Rosario de Agua Santa Bokira Bazilikasiga tashrif buyurishi mumkin, u turli xil sharsharalarga tashrif buyurishi va ko'tarilishi mumkin. Tunguraxua (ehtiyotkorlik choralarini ko'rish, chunki u otilib chiquvchi vulkan), melkochalarni tatib ko'ring (shakar qamishidan tayyorlangan shirin), qo'lbola buyumlar balzada va taguda tayyorlangan.

Baños de Agua Santa shahar kabi turli xil sarguzasht sport turlari bilan shug'ullanish uchun mos joy: rafting, baydarka, kanyon, toshga chiqish, bungee sakrash, otda sayr qilish, tabiatda sayr qilish, soyabon, tog 'velosipedlari va hk. mineral va oltingugurtli suvlari bo'lgan 5 ta shahar kurortlariga 18 ° C sovuqdan 55 ° C gacha issiqgacha; ichaklaridan paydo bo'lgan Tunguraxua vulqon. Unda Pushti zona bu erda 30 dan ortiq klub, bar va diskotekalar sayyohlarga qiziqarli va xavfsiz muhitni taqdim etadi.^[4] Ushbu shaharda u turli xil mahalliy va xalqaro oshxonalarga ega 80 dan ortiq restoranlarga murojaat qilishi mumkin.

Asosiy sayyohlik ob'ektlari quyidagilar:

• Santa-Klara kurorti (Santa Klara-da Balneario)
• Las Peñas o Modernas Spa
• De la Virgen hovuzlari
• El-Salado hovuzlari
• Inés Mariya palapartishligi
• Cabellera de la Virgen palapartishligi
• Ulba sharsharasi
• Chamana sharsharasi
• Baskun palapartishligi
• Agoyan palapartishligi
• El Manto de la Novia sharsharasi
• El-Fantasma va El-Plaser sharsharalari
• San-Pedro palapartishligi
• El-Korazon sharsharasi
• Encañonado del Duende palapartishlikdan
• Rio Verde yoki Pailon del Diablo palapartishligi
• Manto del Anxel sharsharasi
• Machay sharsharasi
• Las Orquídeas palapartishligi
• San-Agustin palapartishligi
• To'tiqushlar sharshara
• San-Migel sharsharasi
• Peñón del Tucán palapartishligi
• Manantial el Dorado palapartishligi
• San-Frantsisko va Refugio del Gallo de la Peña sharsharalari
• El-Mayordomo
• Baños hayvonot bog'i va akvarium
• Cerro Hermoso
• Llanganates milliy bog'i
• Sangay milliy bog'i

Yasuni milliy bog'i

Yasuni milliy bog'idagi to'tiqushlar

Yasuni milliy bog'i

The Yasuni milliy bog'i a milliy bog viloyatlarda 9820 kvadrat kilometr maydonni egallaydi Pastaza va Orellana o'rtasida Napo daryosi va Curaray daryosi Amazonka havzasida janubi-sharqdan taxminan 250 kilometr uzoqlikda Kito. Birinchi navbatda park silvan tomonidan belgilangan edi YuNESKO 1989 yilda Biosfera qo'riqxonasi va bu hududning bir qismidir Xuaorani qishloq joylashgan. Ikki xuao guruhi, Tagaeri va Taromenan bor aloqasiz guruhlar.

U daryolar havzalari hududlarida joylashgan Tiputini, Yasuní, Nashinyo, Kononako va Curaray, Napo daryosining irmoqlari, ular o'z navbatida Amazonka quyiladi. Bog 'taqa shaklida bo'lib, Napo daryosining janubidan va Curaray daryosining shimolidan, o'rta havzasini uzaytiradi. Tivacuno daryosi Yaqinda o'tkazilgan bir tadqiqotga ko'ra ^[5] Yasuni milliy bog'i va uning kattalashtirilgan maydoni hisoblanadi sayyoradagi biologik xilma-xil joy amfibiyalar, qushlar, sutemizuvchilar va o'simliklarga boyligi uchun.

E'tiborli tomoni, Ekvadorning Amazon mintaqasi boy neft konlari va neft iqtisodiyoti 1970-yillarda Ekvador iqtisodiyoti ushlab turilgan ustundir. Buni 1998 yilda hisobga olgan holda hukumat Jamil Mahuad YNPning janubiy qismini e'lon qildi nomoddiy maydon, aloqada bo'lmagan odamlarni himoya qilish va biosfera qo'riqxonasini neft konlaridan uzoqda saqlash. 2007 yildan beri YNP to'g'risida u taklif bilan chiqdi Iniciativa ITT amalga oshirilmaydigan xalqaro iqtisodiy kompensatsiya turini qo'llash orqali neftni er ostida saqlash.

Yasuni - bu Yerning eng xilma-xil hududlaridan biri,^[5] tadqiqotlarda amfibiyalarning 150 turi, sudralib yuruvchilarning 598 turi, qushlarning 598 turi, sutemizuvchilarning 169 (tasdiqlangan) va 204 (taxmin qilingan) turlari va florada 2113 tur aniqlangan va ularning 3100 atrofida mavjudligi taxmin qilingan.^[5]

Yasuni termini, uning lisoniy kelib chiqishini bilmasdan, "muqaddas er" degan ma'noni anglatadi, chunki bu hududdagi jamoalar tomonidan keng talqin qilinadi.

Kuyabeno yovvoyi tabiat qo'riqxonasi

Kuyabenodagi ko'l

The Kuyabeno yovvoyi tabiat qo'riqxonasi viloyatida joylashgan Sukumbiyos, ning shimoli-sharqida Amazon viloyati. Bu ajoyib biologik xilma-xillikka ega joy, bu ikkala yovvoyi tabiatning eng katta kontsentratsiyasidan biridir o'simlik va yovvoyi hayot. 603 ming gektarni dunyodagi bioxilma-xillikning eng yuqori darajasi bo'yicha rekord darajaga keltiradigan nam formatsiyalar, 13 ko'llar, daryolar va tropik o'rmonlarning murakkab tizimi.

Kuyabenoda 550 dan ortiq turli xil qush turlari mavjud; 60 turdagi orkide s; 350 dan ortiq baliq turlari; kabi turli xil sudralib yuruvchilar anakondalar, alligatorlar va daryo toshbaqalari. Qo'riqxonada joylashgan 12000 o'simlik turiga baho berilgan. Va ko'plab turlari sutemizuvchilar shu jumladan tapir (Tapirus terrestris). Qo'riqxonada daryo kabi noyob turlar ham yashaydi pushti delfin, hoatzin yoki mintaqaning burguti, qanotlari 8 metrga teng.

Kuyabeno qo'riqxonasi tegishli bo'lganligi sababli Himoyalangan hududlarning milliy tizimi, bu sohada ishlash uchun malakali sayyohlik operatorlari juda kam. Bu ko'plab sayyohlarning ushbu hududga tashrif buyurmasliklarining bir sababidir, shuning uchun u tabiat va ajoyib tovushlardan zavqlana oladi.

Bu tropik o'rmon, yomg'ir 3000 dan 4000 gacha mm yiliga, namlik esa 85 dan 95% gacha. Dekabrdan martgacha aniq quruq mavsum; yomg'irli mavsum apreldan iyulgacha va avgustdan noyabrgacha yog'ingarchilik o'rtacha. Yillik harorat 25 ° C atrofida.

Ikki yirik daryo bo'yida yashovchi ko'plab etnik jamoalar Alambi daryosi va La Sierra daryosi, xususan Kofanlar va Siona-Sekoya, ikkalasi ham bu sohada afsonaviy. Siona jamoasi zaxirasining shimoliy qismida yashaydi Kuyabeno yilda Puerto-Bolivar va Tarapuy daryosi.

Machalilla milliy bog'i

Machangilla milliy bog'i Salango kommunasining panoramali ko'rinishi.

The Machalilla milliy bog'i a milliy bog, viloyatining janubiy sohilida joylashgan Manabi. 1936 yil may oyida milliy bog 'e'lon qilindi va 1959 yilda 1936 yil farmoni tasdiqlandi. Uning nomi bu hududda yashagan Kolumbiyagacha bo'lgan qadimiy madaniyatdan olingan, Machalilla. Uning asosiy diqqatga sazovor joylari orasida Isla de la Plata va Los Frailes plyaji. Maydonning balandligi 1 dan 1707 metrgacha, iqlimi esa quruq.

Machalilla milliy bog'ida to'rtta maydon mavjud: tropik cho'l skrabı, tropik tikanli skrab, tropik quruq o'rmon va tikonli buta premontan.

El-Kaxas milliy bog'i

El-Kajasdagi ko'l

El-Kajas milliy bog'i And, janubda Ekvador, viloyatida Azuay, 33 km shahrining shimoli-g'arbida joylashgan Kuenka. Parkga eng keng tarqalgan kirish har Kuansada boshlanadi: U erdan Cuenca-Molleturo yo'li nazoratni kesib o'tadi Surocucho 30 daqiqadan uzoqroq masofada; keyinchalik, bu yo'l Ma'muriy markaz va Park ma'lumotlari bo'lgan La Toreadora lagunasi qirg'og'idan o'tadi. Ko'pdan keyin Molleturo, shu tariqa El-Kajasning shimoliy sektori ma'lum bo'lib, bir necha yirik va kichik lagunlar orqali shamol esadi, bog'ga qirg'oqdan kirish uchun Molleturo-Cuenca yo'nalishi ham eng yaxshi tanlovdir.

Parkdagi ekologik tizimning asosiy asoslari bilan uning keng vodiylarida joylashgan 232 xil lagun mavjud; Lagartokocha, Osohuaycu, Mamamag yoki Taitachungo, Quinoascocha, La Toreadora, Sunincocha, Cascarillas, Ventanas va Tinguishcocha. Ushbu lagunlar ushbu drenaj orqali hududdagi oqimlarni tartibga soladi va saqlaydi; kabi daryolar Tomebamba, Mazan, Yanuncay va Migyir El-Kaxasda tug'ilgan va Kuenka shahrini ichimlik suvi bilan ta'minlagan; Shu bilan birga, ular mamlakatning aksariyat qismini elektr energiyasi bilan ta'minlaydigan Paute gidroelektr majmuasining asosiy hissadorlari hisoblanadi.

G'arbiy tizmasining balandliklarida And, Cuenca shahrining g'arbiy qismida, El-Kajas milliy bog'i, asosan ulkan qutilar bilan bir-biriga bog'langan ko'l tizimlari ichida saqlanadigan katta balandliklardan hosil bo'lgan, shuning uchun uning nomi Cajas (Boxes). Hududda iqlimning aniq qonuniyligi yo'q; Ularga tez-tez sovuqlar beriladi va doimiy ravishda yomg'ir (yomg'ir yog'ishi) va tuman bo'ladi.

Parkning sharqiy qismida u asosan daraxtlar va butalar turlarining xilma-xilligidan tashkil topgan Rainalpest Subalpine (SA-rf) barpo etadi. orkide, ferns va moxlar. O'rmonning shakllanishi Polylepis, qiwuña, 8 dan 10 gacha bo'lgan "quinoa" yoki "árbol de papel"m baland va u lagunlar yoki daryolar bo'yida va toshloq joylarda o'sadi va 4000 dan yuqori daraxtlarning yagona turi hisoblanadim. G'arbiy chegarada juda ko'p yog'och tosh^{[tushuntirish kerak ]} turlari.

Bor oq kiyik, ko'zoynakli ayiq, puma, ocelots, páramo kiyik, páramo quyonlari va andean tapir. Eng muhim qushlar karakara, kondor, andean touchan, o'rdaklar va kolbalar. The Kajas suv sichqonchasi bog'ning endemik turi. Shimoliy kabi El-Anxel ekologik qo'riqxonasi, El-Kajasdagi lagunlar tanilgan va u uchun juda mashhur alabalıklar.Mozihalar:

Lagartokocha laguni: Uning qirg'og'ida lager mavjud va bu erda sport baliq ovi juda band. Lagartokochaning yonida "O'lim g'ori" joylashgan.

Avilaxuayko: tabiiy kuzatuv yoki kuzatuv minorasi sifatida xizmat qiladi; sammitdan taqdim etilgan panorama juda jozibali, chunki u erdan butun maydonni egallab turgan "qutilar" kuzatilmoqda.

Loma de Tres Cruces: Bu parkning eng baland qismlaridan biri, bu erda yolg'onga boradiganlar o'rtasida suv bo'linishi mavjud Amazon va oldinga siljish Tinch okeani. El-García Moreno yo'li u erdan o'tib ketadi va urf-odatlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, qirg'oqdan bir kecha-kunduzda bu joyni qidirgan ko'plab o'liklarga o'z nomlari kerak, ammo kechaning qattiq sovuqligi quyosh chiqishini ko'rmadi.

Taitachungo laguni (Mamamag): La Toreadoradan boshlab, unga olib boradigan ba'zi yo'llar mavjud. Bu erdan Inganan yoki Inca Trail bo'ylab Luspa g'origa borishi mumkin. Mamamagda toshdan yasalgan zinapoyalar va har qanday turdagi binolarning poydevori bilan ifodalangan Incagacha bo'lgan boshqa inshootlarning izlari, ehtimol tunash uchun xonalar topilgan; uy-joydan tashqari, bu binolar mehmonxonalar, turar joylar safari bo'lib xizmat qilganga o'xshaydi, chunki bu sayt qirg'oq tomon yo'naltirilgan asosiy qadamdir.

Kotopaksi milliy bog'i

Kotopaksi vulqoni

And tulki Cotopaxi milliy bog'ida

Kotopaksi milliy bog'i a qo'riqlanadigan hudud, viloyatlari chegarasida joylashgan Pichincha, Kotopaksi va Napo yilda Ekvador, bu uning makoniga kiradi Kotopaksi vulqoni.

Uning ekotizimi, ayniqsa, bir necha daraxt turlarini o'z ichiga oladi qarag'ay, bu joyni Janubiy Amerikadagi noyob saytga aylantiradi, chunki al tog 'o'rmonini an-dan ko'ra ko'proq eslatadi And o'rmon.

Bog 'ulangan Kito tomonidan Panamerika magistrali, to'rt polosali, bu shahardan parkga taxminan bir soat va chorakda sayohat qilish imkonini beradi. Shu bilan bir qatorda Kitodan jo'nab ketadigan poezd va Park Stationga borish uchun bir yarim soat vaqt ketadi, yana bir alternativ Machachi shahriga kirib, Santa Ana del Pedregal mahallasiga borib, u erda ba'zi mehmonxonalarni ziyorat qilishi mumkin. .

Uning maydoni 3400–5897 gacha masl. Uning harorati 0 ° C dan 20 ° C gacha; yillik o'rtacha yog'ingarchilik miqdori 500-1500 mm.

Ko'p qalin o'rmonlar bor, qolganlari o't bilan yoki o'tlarni ekish uchun yo'q qilingan. Bilan keng pramoland mavjud páramo yuqoriga ko'tarilganda mintaqadagi dominant maysa bo'lgan somon vakili o'simliklar paydo bo'ladi chuquiraga, alchemilla, yostiq, mox, liken, romelio shaklidagi o'simlik koloniyalari, quishuar yoki daraxt xudosi, mortiño.

Hayvonot dunyosi: bo'rilar, puma, ayiqlar, kiyiklar, quyonlar, kondorlar, yovvoyi otlar va tulkilar.Geologiya: tabiiy lagunlar, yo'llar, qorli Kotopaksi.Infrastruktura: kulbalar, baland tog 'markazi, lager markazi, jamoat markazi, alpinistlar uchun boshpana.Arxeologiya: Qal'aning xarobalari Puruha.Astronomiya: Masofaviy zond orqali tabiiy resurslarni kompleks o'rganish markazi (CLIRSEN)

Kvilotoa vulqoni

Quilotoa krateri

Quilotoa bu suv bilan to'ldirilgan qozon va Ekvador And tog'idagi eng g'arbiy vulqon. 3 km kenglikdagi qozon 800 yil oldin sodir bo'lgan katastrofik portlashdan so'ng ushbu dacit vulqonining qulashi natijasida hosil bo'lgan, bu Tinch okeaniga etib kelgan piroklastik oqimlar va laxarlarni hosil qilgan va shimoliy And tog'lari bo'ylab vulqon kulining konini yoygan. . Qozon 250 m krater ko'lining chuqurligini to'plagan, u erigan minerallar natijasida yashil rangga ega. Teshiklar ko'lning pastki qismida joylashgan va vulqonning sharqiy yon qismida issiq buloqlar paydo bo'ladi.

Quilotoa - tobora ko'proq tashrif buyuriladigan sayyohlik joyi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} "Kumbre" (Kvilotoa kichik shahri) yo'nalishi odatda yollangan yuk mashinasida yoki 17 km janubdagi Zumbaxua shahridan avtobusda harakatlanadi. Qozon chetidan qarash uchun tashrif buyuruvchilar har biriga ikki dollar to'lashi kerak. Yaqin atrofda bir qator oddiy Hostellar ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, ular qozon atrofida besh soatlik yurish uchun xachirlar va yo'riqnomalar (diametri 9 km ga teng), yarim soatlik piyoda yurish (va 02.01 soat ko'tarilishga piyoda yurish kabi) xizmatlarini taklif qilishadi. 400 vertikal metr) va uning kosasidagi juda oddiy turar joy. Katerning pastki qismida lagerga ruxsat berilgan, ammo ichimlik suvi yo'q (lojada sotiladigan yarim litrli butilkalardan tashqari) va yotoqxonada joylashgan bitta hojatxona qudug'i.^[6]

Podokarpus milliy bog'i

Atrofini o'rmon Bombuskaro daryosi

The Podokarpus milliy bog'i a milliy bog viloyatlarida joylashgan Loja va Zamora chinchipe, janubi-sharqida Ekvador . U 1982 yil 15 dekabrda tashkil etilgan. Park turli xil biologik tizimlar o'rtasida joylashganligi sababli mega xilma-xillik va yuqori darajadagi endemizm sohasidir.^[7]

U 146 280 [[km] dan oshadi²]]; Sharqiy tizmasining ikkala etagida ham And daryolar havzalariga qadar Nangaritza, Numbala va Loyola. Parkning taxminan 85% Zamora Chinchipe provintsiyasida va taxminan 15% Loja viloyatida joylashgan.

Milliy bog 'turkumining uch turidan iborat mamlakatdagi romerillosdagi eng katta o'rmonni himoya qilish uchun tashkil etilgan Podokarpus faqat ignabargli daraxt ekvadorlik.

Park ichida u o'ziga xos biologik muhitni yaratdi, ayniqsa bu hududdagi yagona qushlar tomonidan namoyish etilgan.Podokarpus milliy bog'ida 100 dan ortiq ko'llar majmuasi joylashgan bo'lib, ularning eng taniqlilaridan biri bu El Compadre Laguni. Shuningdek, palapartishlik, kanyonlar va sutemizuvchilar va o'simliklarning har xil turlari mavjud.

Bog'ga kirish uchun uning biogeografik zonalariga mos keladigan ikkita kirish joyi mavjud, bittasi Kajanuma sektori 'yuqori biogeografik zonada joylashgan. Ikkinchisi Bombuskaro sektori, mos keladigan Bombuskaro daryosi pastki biogeografik zonada. Bundan tashqari, Zamora Chinchipe provintsiyasining yuqori biogeografik zonasida ikkita muqobil kirish mavjud, biri Romerillos sektori, mos keladigan Jamboe daryosi va boshqa kamroq ma'lum bo'lgan kirishlar Cerro Toledo Yangana-Valladolid yo'nalishidan.

Bog'da favqulodda flora mavjud, u shunday deb hisoblanadi Amerikaning botanika bog'i chunki u shimoliy And va Tumbesdagi endemizm markazlarini qoplagan hududda joylashgan.

Tog'li yomg'ir o'rmonlari va quyi tog 'ekotizimlarida Nudo de Sabanilla, shuningdek Numbala daryosi havzasidagi juda nam tog 'va tog' oldi o'rmonlari kabi 4000 dan ortiq o'simlik mavjud. turlari ular orasida park nomi berilgan romerillo kabi 40 metrgacha bo'lgan daraxtlar va boshqa ko'plab qimmatbaho daraxtlar mavjud. kaskarilla, Ekvadorning milliy daraxti deb nomlangan va juda ko'p orkide turlari.

Mintaqa va mamlakat shimolining mavrlari o'simliklari o'rtasida o'ziga xos farqlar mavjud, chunki ular asosan pastroq, tog'larning tepalarida va to'liq rivojlanmaydigan haqiqiy murning o'tish zonasida, chunki past tekislik. Mintaqada topilgan asosiy turlar orasida ragwort, dafna, Aguakolla, uvilla, qora mersin, pumamaqui, sapan, mirtl, cashoco, alder, akasiya, adaçayı, oq guato, sadr, kastor, yong'oq, uy sharoitida va shlyuz.

Bog'da 560 dan ortiq qush turlari qayd etilgan. Bu Ekvador qushlarining 40 foizini va dunyo qushlarining 6 foizini tashkil etadi. Shuning uchun, bu qushlarni saqlash uchun muhim yo'nalish sifatida qayd etilgan.^[7] Shuningdek, sutemizuvchilarning 46 turi mavjud^[8] ko'zoynakli ayiq (Tremarctos ornatus), andean tapir (Tapirus pinchaque), oddiy marsupial sichqon (Caenolestes fuliginosus), hidli tulki (chiziqli cho'chqa burunli skunk), mitti kiyik (Pudu mefistophiles).^[9]

Bu erga tashrif buyurish uchun to'rtta yo'l bor: Oso de Anteojos of 400 m mo''tadil nishab bilan va osonlik bilan o'tish mumkin; bulutli o'rmon, 750 m; El Mirador 1.5 km o'rta darajadagi. Kunduzgi sayohatlar uchun ham, men El Mirador yo'lida 3,5 km masofani bosib o'tishim mumkin edi. Panohga qaytish, ammo bu yo'lning ba'zi qismlari qiyin, shuning uchun yo'lda ehtiyotkorlik talab etiladi. Bundan tashqari, lager zarur bo'lgan uzun yo'llar mavjud.

Loja aeroporti bo'lgan eng yaqin shahar, ammo Zamora ham yaqin. Loja 4 ta kirish joyidan 3 tasiga 25-40 daqiqa, Vilkabamba kirishiga esa ikki soat ketadi.^[10]

Mindo

Mindo: Qushlar mamlakati

Mindo shimolida joylashgan cherkovdir Ekvador va ikkitadan biri Parishiya ning San-Migel-de-Los-Bankos kanton Pichincha viloyatida, shimoli-g'arbdan taxminan 80 km Kito.

Cherkov markazi - balandligi 1250 m balandlikda joylashgan kichik qishloq, umuman mintaqada chorvachilik, qishloq xo'jaligi va turizm bilan shug'ullanadigan 2500 ga yaqin aholi istiqomat qiladi. Hududdagi harorat yil davomida 15 ° C - 24 ° C oralig'ida. Yomg'irlar tez-tez uchraydi, ammo iyun-noyabr oylarida ob-havo quruqroq bo'ladi.

Mindo, tabiiy ravishda, uning florasi va faunasi tomonidan jalb qilingan tabiatni sevuvchilarni chaqiradigan tabiiy muhiti bilan mashhur.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} U vodiyda joylashgan bo'lib, uning 19000 gektar maydonini "deb nomlangan joyda himoya qilishadi Bosk himoyachisi Mindo Nambillo ekotizim ularda qushlarning qariyb 500 turi va 90 turi yashaydi kapalaklar. Shuningdek, Mindo qo'riqxonasida 170 dan ortiq turlari aniqlangan orkide va mo'l-ko'l bromeliad, helikoniyalar, ferns, uzum, moxlar va likenler.

2001 yildan 2002 yilgacha Mindo Ekvador ichkarisida va Evropaning turli mamlakatlarida, AQSh, Hindiston va Avstraliyada mahalliy aholi va ekologlarning safarbarlik va norozilik faoliyati natijasida dunyoning etakchisi bo'lgan. neft quvuri Ekvador SA OCP tomonidan mintaqaga ta'sir ko'rsatmoqda, chunki bunday tadbirlar muvaffaqiyatli bo'lmagan ^[11][12] Mahalliy aholi va ekologlarning qarshiliklariga qaramay, quvur 2003 yil noyabr oyida qurilgan va ish boshlagan va 2010 yilgacha Ekvadorda faoliyat yuritgan bir qancha neft kompaniyalarining taxminan 375 million barrel og'ir neftini tashigan.^[13]

Madaniyat va tarix

Kitoning tarixiy markazi

Kito tarixiy markazi tasvirlari

San-Fransisko-de-Kito, bo'ladi shahar poytaxt mamlakat va shuningdek Pichincha viloyati ^[14] Shuningdek, metropoliten maydoni deb nomlanuvchi ushbu shakl Kito metropoliteni okrugi ^[15]

U joylashgan havza ning Guayllabamba ning sharqiy yon bag'irlarida stratovolkan faol Pichincha, g'arbiy qismida And. U taxminan koordinatalarda joylashgan 0 ° 11′S 78 ° 29′W / 0.183 ° S 78.483 ° Vt / -0.183; -78.483 va uning o'rtacha balandligi 2850 ga teng m Shahar 32 ga bo'lingan cherkovlar., Qaysi bo'limlarga bo'lingan ^[16]

Uning birinchi asos solgan sanasi noaniq; eng qadimgi yozuvlar Inga ko'chmas mulk, ammo ishlatiladi Ispaniya tug'ilgan kuni sifatida shaharni bosib olish, 1534 yil 6-dekabr ^[17]

Zamonaviy inshoot mahalliy aholi va chet ellik mehmonlar doimo ishlash, zavq olish va eslash uchun joy topadigan mustamlaka bilan aralashib ketadi. Bundan tashqari, shahar vulkanlar bilan o'ralgan Pichincha, Antisana, Kotopaksi va Kayambe And konturining ulug'vorligini tashkil etadi. Kito aniqlaydigan va aniqlaydigan ma'nolarga to'la, tog 'yonbag'irlarini egallaydi yoki vodiylarga qadar, xiyobonlar orqali shamol qiladi va keng xiyobonlarda ochiladi; zigzaglar, tepaliklar va jarliklardan qochish. Ushbu jismoniy go'zallik uchun uning urf-odatlari, tasavvufning burchaklari va hozirgi afsonalari "Amerikadagi san'at asarlari" deb hisoblanadi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Bu 1978 yil noyabr oyida Kito tomonidan e'lon qilingan asosiy xususiyatlar edi YuNESKO "Jahon madaniy merosi ".

So'nggi yillarda turizm shaharda juda rivojlandi va kapital oqimining yangi qismini anglatmoqda. Kitodan kelgan chet ellik mehmonlarning aksariyati tegishli BIZ va odatda o'rtacha yoshi 28 yoshga etmaydigan yosh aholi. Evropaliklar ham shaharga tashrif buyurishadi Italiya, Frantsiya yoki Germaniya. Bir necha yil oldin shaharda bir necha kun qolgan ko'pchilik sayyohlar, chunki ularning asosiy manzili bu edi Galapagos orollari ammo endi bu o'zgardi. Sayyohlarni ta'kidlaydigan asosiy izohlar orasida Kito xalqining mehribonligi, qorli vulqon landshaftining ulug'vorligi va sovuq ho'l tog 'bor, bu chet elliklar uchun g'alati, chunki u ayniqsa kechasi juda past issiqlik hissi bilan birga keladi.

2008 yilda Quito, bu sayohat bo'limida boshlandi Nyu-York Tayms. Ushbu gazeta amerikaliklar tashrif buyurishi mumkin bo'lgan 53 ta shaharning an'anaviy ro'yxatini e'lon qildi, Kito birinchi marta kiritilgan. Gazeta veb-saytida Kito dunyoning eng yaxshi va eng kerakli sayyohlik yo'nalishlaridan biri sifatida taqdim etildi. "Turizmning o'sishi yiliga 12 foizni tashkil etdi, 2002 yilgacha o'rtacha ko'rsatkich atigi 8 foizni tashkil etgan", deyiladi Kengash nashrida. Poytaxt o'zining tarixiy va madaniy merosxo'rlari bilan yashaydi, sayohat qilganlarga o'z merosini namoyish etadi.

Bundan tashqari, Kito ommaviy axborot vositalarida, yozda premyerasi bo'lib, havoda davom etayotgan "Lotin Amerikasiga pasport Samanta Braun bilan", ehtimol shahar uchun televizordagi eng katta yutuq edi. Samanta Braun aytdi Ekvador bu "Janubiy Amerikani kashf qilmoqchi bo'lganida tashrif buyuradigan eng yaxshi joy". Shahar AQSh kanallari jamoasini ham qabul qildi CBS va NBC yaqinda. Shuningdek, u Condé Nast Traveller, Frommerning "2008 yildagi eng yaxshi yo'nalishlar", Nexos jurnali kabi juda g'ayratli nashrlarni qabul qildi. American Airlines, Geografik jurnal, San-Fransisko xronikasi kundalik va nemis jurnali Merian Boshqalar orasida.

Dunyo o'rtasida shahar

Yodgorligi Dunyoning o'rtasi

The Syudad Mitad del Mundo Pichincha viloyatining prefekturasiga qarashli er, Ekvador. U cherkovda joylashgan San-Antonio ning Kito Metropolitan tumani, Kito markazining shimolida.

Dalada u bosh qarorgohini qurgan Janubiy Amerika millatlari ittifoqi bu ham Mitad del Mundo etnografik muzeyi, haqida muzey etnografiya mahalliy Ekvador. 1979 yildan 1982 yilgacha 30 metr balandlikdagi yodgorlik qurilib, u erda ishonilgan joyni belgilashgan ekvator o'sha paytda mamlakatga qaragan. Darhaqiqat, Ekvadorni nishonlash uchun maydon bo'ylab sharq tomon olib boradigan narvon markazidan ro'yxat tuzilgan.

Ammo haqiqatan ham butun tuzilma GPS texnologiyasi paydo bo'lganligi sababli yaqin vaqtgacha bo'lmagan haqiqiy ekvatordan 240 m janubda joylashgan.

Har ikki tomoni kardinal yo'nalishga qaragan piramidal yodgorlikning tepasida diametri 4,5 m va 5 tonna bo'lgan globus joylashgan. Yodgorlik ichida Ekvadorning mahalliy madaniyati elementlari, masalan, kiyim-kechak, turli xil etnik guruhlarning tavsiflari va ularning faoliyati namunalari namoyish etilgan kichik muzey mavjud. Mitad del Mundoning a kabi boshqa diqqatga sazovor joylari mavjud Planetariy va Markaziy Plazada bir nechta musiqiy va madaniy chiqishlar bo'lib o'tmoqda. Etnografik muzey atrofidagi yodgorlik atrofidagi kichik shahar sayyohlik markazi vazifasini bajaradi va Ispaniyaning mustamlaka shaharining "Syudad Mitad del Mundo" nusxasini taqdim etadi.

Kuenka tarixiy markazi

Kuenka a shahar mamlakatning janubiy markazidan, poytaxti viloyat ning Azuay va Región 6. ning janubiy qismida joylashgan Ekvador Andasi. Uning Tarixiy markaz deb e'lon qilindi Jahon merosi tomonidan YuNESKO 1999 yilda u o'zining buyuk me'morchiligi, madaniy xilma-xilligi, Ekvador san'ati, fanlari va xatlariga qo'shgan hissasi hamda Ekvador jamiyatining ko'plab taniqli insonlarining tug'ilgan joyi uchun "Ekvador Afinasi" deb nomlangan. Qo'lda ishlangan bosh kiyimlar Ekvadordagi ixtisoslashgan va butun dunyo bo'ylab Kuenkaga tashrif buyuradigan sayyohlarga sotiladi.

Kuenkadagi Catedral Nueva gumbazlari.

Shahar markazida muhim tarixiy qoldiqlar joylashgan: muzeylar va eski cherkovlar (shu jumladan Amerikaning eng kattalaridan biri bo'lgan Inmakulada Kontsepsiyon sobori va boshqalar 16-17 asrlarga oid), asfaltlangan ko'chalar va uylarning fasadlari Boshqalarni ko'rsatadigan respublika uslubi Evropa xarakterli balkonlar va badiiy o'yilgan shiftlar va boshqa soxta narsalar bilan ta'sir qiladi guruch bo'yalgan.

Shahar ham nomi bilan tanilgan "Andesning Kuenkasi" yoki "Ekvador Afinasi" bu shahar nomini baland qoldirgan shoirlar va taniqli odamlarning tug'ilgan joyi bo'lgani uchun Migel Velez, Gaspar Sangurima, Santo Xermano Migel, Honorato Vaskes, Remigio Krespo Toral kabi boshqa belgilar qatorida Abdon Kalderon Garaykoa, Antonio Borrero. Cuenca-da ko'plab madaniy tashkilotlar mavjud.

Bu, shuningdek, fiesta sifatida yil davomida turli xil madaniy va an'anaviy an'analarga ega Korpus Kristi iyun oyida bo'lib o'tgan va Barcha qalblar bayrami Ekvadorda milliy darajada 2-noyabrda va 3-noyabrda mustaqillikka bag'ishlangan bayram paytida tantanalar bilan bir festival bo'lib o'tadi, shuningdek, shahar o'zi tomonidan tanlangan tanlovda homiylik qiladi. "Chola cuencana "yilning shu nomidagi Jamg'armani kim boshqaradi, qishloq jamoatlarida turli xil ijtimoiy loyihalarni ilgari suradi. Yana bir buyuk festival an'anasi - bu Pase del Nino Viajero 24-dekabr kuni tarixiy markaz ko'chalarida bo'lib o'tadi (ko'pchilik bo'lsa ham odamlar buni dekabr va yanvar oylarida, ba'zida fevralgacha etib boradigan kunlarda qilishadi), unda bolalar Muqaddas Kitobning qahramonlari, ruhoniylar, nozirlar, xola, lo'lilar va boshqalar kabi kiyinishgan, ko'chalarda oilalar tomonidan uyushtirilgan. , ta'lim jamoalari, mahalla, diniy va paroxial.

Kuencada ko'plab muzeylar mavjud, ular orasida quyidagilar ajralib turadi:

• Yer va olov san'ati muzeyi. U shahardagi meros binolaridan biri bo'lgan "Casa de Chahuarchimbana" da joylashgan. Uning nomi "daryoning unchalik chuqur bo'lmagan joyi" degan ma'noni anglatadi, shu punktlardan birida, Yanuncay daryosi bo'yida, shaharni kesib o'tuvchi to'rtta daryoning birida joylashgan bo'lishi kerak.
• Paja toquilla shlyapa muzeyi, (Carludovica palmata ) shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan "Panama shlyapasi ". Cuenca bu turdagi shlyapalarni ishlab chiqaruvchi etakchi kompaniyalar qatoriga kiradi.
• Shahar zamonaviy san'at muzeyi. U 1876 yilda qurilgan binoda ishlaydi. Ushbu bino eski Casa de la Temperancia vazifasini bajargan eng muhim vazifa bo'lgan alkogol ichimliklar uchun qamoqxona, erkaklar qamoqxonasi va maktab uchun xizmat qilgan.
• Vieja nomli muzeyi.
• Aborigen madaniyatlari muzeyi. Unda 8000 dan ortiq arxeologik buyumlar mavjud.
• Keramika muzeyi.
• Metalllar muzeyi.
• Markaziy bank muzeyi. 1980-yillarning boshlaridagi sanalar.
• Amerika xalq ijodiyoti markazi. Muzeyi CIDAP. 2004 yilda tashkil etilgan muzeyda Lotin Amerikasining bir qator mamlakatlarining hunarmandchiligini o'z ichiga olgan 7000 ga yaqin kollektsiya mavjud.
• Identifikatsiya muzeyi Kanari.
• Azuay yadrosi madaniyat uyi. 1945 yilda tashkil etilgan.
• Gilyermo Tibbiyot tarixi muzeyi Aguilar Maldonado. U Kuenka Universitetining sobiq Tibbiyot maktabida ishlaydi.
• Remigio Crespo Toral muzeyi. Unda 18000 dan ortiq arxeologik asarlar va 700 ga yaqin mustamlakachilik san'ati mavjud.
• Muzey Jefferson Peres. Olimpiya chempioni, oltin medal sohibining 200 dan ortiq fotosuratlari bor 1996 yil yozgi Olimpiya o'yinlari.

Cuenca-da bor termal suvlar Baños de Cuenca shahridan, odatdagi ovqat bilan, qovurilgan dengiz cho'chqasi bilan. Kecha hayoti uchun Calle larga ko'plab barlar, klublar, lojalar va kiberkafelarga ega. Tomebamba daryosini, qo'shni kantonlarni qadrlashi mumkin bo'lgan barranko (kanyon) ga tashrif buyurish tavsiya etiladi. Chordeleg zargarlik buyumlari bilan mashhur, Gualaceo noyob landshaftlari bilan va odatdagi taomlaridan zavqlaning, Jeron sharsharasi bilan.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Ingapirca arxeologik majmuasi

Ingapirka: "Quyosh ibodatxonasi".

Ning qal'asi Ingapirka Ekvadorning eng muhim arxeologik qurilishidir Inka kelib chiqishi, joylashgan Kanar viloyati, dengiz sathidan 3120 metr balandlikda va Kanar shahridan 16 km uzoqlikda. Bu quyosh va oyning rasadxonasidir.

Ingapirka a Kechua ma'nosini anglatuvchi so'z Inka devori. Bu chinakam Inka inshootidir, garchi bu nom turli xil Ispangacha bo'lgan xarobalarni belgilash uchun ishlatilgan bo'lsa ham, kelib chiqishi Inka madaniyati bilan bog'liq emas.

Ingapirka arxeologik ansambli 18-asr o'rtalaridan beri tanilgan va bu joylar bo'lgan Kanar vodiysi XVI asrda u viloyat deb atalgan. Xatun Kanar (Kechua: Xatun Kanar ).

Fray Gaspar de Gallegos, Azogue shahridagi Sant-Fransisko Pueleusining cherkov ruhoniysi, 1582 yilda yozgan edi:

" Odatda bu karelar deb ataladi, chunki bu erdan uchta legu, Hatum Kanar deb nomlangan shahar Ink tilida "kanyarlarning eng katta viloyati" degan ma'noni anglatadi va u erda Inkalar davrida shunday deyilgan. Huayna Capac hindlarning katta aholisi bo'lganligi va bu kanyarlarning boshlig'i bo'lganligi ko'rinib turibdi, chunki bugungi kunda katta va juda dabdabali binolar bor, ular orasida kuchli minora ... "

Inca-Carari kelib chiqadigan ushbu bino qaysi maqsadlarda qurilganligi ma'lum emas, bir necha tarixchilar va arxeologlar bilan to'qnash keladigan yagona mezon shundaki, u istilo kampaniyalari paytida Huayna Kapacning maxsus buyrug'i bilan qurilgan. uning otasi Tupac Yupanqui yillar oldin Ekvador janubini o'z ichiga olgan hududlarga boshlagan.

Apparently it played a major role in the Inca military strategies, as outpost and supply of troops to the north of Ecuador, but his most important goal was that of being a place of worship and veneration of the sun, the most Inca God, thus becoming in a Coricancha, dedicated to Inca ritual.

Guayakil

La Rotonda Malecón de Guayaquil

Despite being a predominantly commercial and business city in the country, it also has well known featured tourist places not only for Ecuador but also for South America, these places are the El Malecón 2000 and the biggest park of Ekvador, the Sports and Ecological Parque Samanes of Guayaquil

Historic center of Loja

City entrance of Loja

Loja, sharqiy qismida joylashgan Loja viloyati, mamlakat janubida. Bo'ladi Poytaxt ning viloyat va Kanton hamkasblari. Loja has a rich tradition in the arts, and for this reason is known as the Musical and Cultural Capital of Ecuador. The city is home to two major universities: the National University of Loja, founded in 1859 by the Federal Government of Loja is the oldest university in functions in the country after the Central University of Ecuador (Quito) [1], va Technical University of Loja, founded in 1971, is the third in university population [2].

The city has great touristic interest because of its art and culture, which can be felt mainly in its Historic Center, knowing that also is surrounded by towns with rich tradition as Saraguro and Vilcabamba. That is why it is ranked as one of the main tourist destinations by Ecuadorians and Peruvians, for it has hotel infrastructure that every major city needs for its visitors, being the third city with the highest number of luxury hotels and hostels around Ecuador after Quito and Guayaquil.

• Museum of the Central Bank

Located in the historic center of the city of Loja, near the central square, is the Museum of the Central Bank. It contains the archaeological, historical and colonial history of the province and the city of Loja. There are seven rooms of the museum, every detail a different aspect of the area: the lobby, archeology, nature, the colonial period, the 19th century, important people of Loja, and arts and crafts.

• Conceptas Mothers Museum

This is in a 17th-century convent, belonging to the colonial era. The museum contains pictures, household utensils, and tools used by the nuns of self-flagellation. It also houses a collection of works of colonial religious art.

• Arxeologik muzey

Opened in 2004, the Archaeological Museum houses some 1,600 artifacts, many of which are from the kolumbiygacha davr. There are three floors of the museum, organized by age of the artifacts. On the first floor Paleolit va Neolitik artifacts and remains of the Valdiviya madaniyati. The second floor contains la Tolita artifacts, Jamás Coaque, Bahía and Guajala cultures. The third floor exhibits items of the Carchi, Imbabura, Panzaleo, Puruhuá, Casholoma, Tacalshapa, Manteña, Late, Milagro, Quevedo, Huancavilca, and Inka madaniyatlar.

• Music Museum of Pío Jaramillo Alvarado Cultural Center

Located at Bernardo Valdivieso street, in the Historic Center, opened in 2004, the museum houses exhibitions about the musical history of composers and of Loja, from Uyg'onish davri to avante-garde. The collection spans almost 200 years of history, with more than 7,000 musical scores and 65 instruments on display.

• Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Museum

The museum, on the main floor of the building of the Provincial Government of Loja, houses of artifacts of the life of Matilde Hidalgo, the first woman to become a medical doctor in Ecuador, and also the first woman to vote in Latin America.

• City Entrance

City Entrance, model of Coat of Arms of the city, presented by King Philip II of Spain in 1571. The City Entrance is located at Av. Gran Colombia, it has a museum where exhibits galleries showing works of Lojan contemporary art, a cafe, gift shop. Views of the city center are possible from the clock tower.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Loja contains a number of historic churches, board of city of tourism has led to the search for a new way. Starting at the City Entrance, one of the first things a visitor will notice is a large orange stripe painted on the sidewalk. Following the band takes the person on a self-guided tour of the main churches, historical areas and of Loja.

• ibodathona

The main cathedral, a masterpiece in the colonial style, is located in the central plaza. It is home to the Virgin of the Swan during his two-month stay in the city of Loja. Original of adobe its first building dates from the 1500s, the current building dates from 1838 (earlier buildings were lost due to earthquakes) The Cathedral is one of the largest churches in Ecuador. Shuningdek, u .ning bosh qarorgohi Loja yeparxiyasi.

• San-Frantsisko cherkovi

The small church of San Francisco, a houses Franciscan convent of the city. The church was built in 1548 and rebuilt in 1851. The square, located in the historic center, has a monument to Alonso de Mercadillo, founder of the city.

• Santo-Domingo cherkovi

The Church of Santo Domingo was built in 1557, the entire building was once in the Gothic style, but after an earthquake in 1867, only the twin towers remained standing. The church was refinished in the colonial style, but the needles were left as a reminder of the old facade. The church was painted and decorated by Lojan Fray Enrique Mideros. In the church square there is a monument to Manuel Carrión Pinzano, founder in 1853 of the movement of federalism in Loja.

• San-Sebastyan cherkovi

In 1660, the city of Loja, was devoted to Avliyo Sebastyan in order to avoid destruction by earthquakes. The present church dates from 1900. Perhaps the most remarkable monument of Loja is located in the Plaza de San Sebastián (also called Independencia Square) - 32 meters clock tower commemorates the declaration of independence from the Spanish crown the November 18, 1820. The tower has four faces, with bronze reliefs depicting scenes from the history of the city.

• Vodiylar

Loja is an ideal city to get its surrounding places like the Valley of Malacatos and Vilcabamba and 30 km south of the city. The latter place is world-renowned for harboring people that exceed one hundred years easily. Catamayo Valley at a 20-minute drive west of the city is very busy as this place is the Camilo Ponce Enríquez aeroporti and also many watering places. A 60 km east of the lojan capital is Zamora, a paradise full of waterfalls, watering places, etc. Also within an hour's drive towards the north of Loja is Saraguro it is one of the few places in the world where its Inca customs remain intact.

Latacunga

Cathedral of Latacunga

Latacunga is the capital of the province of Kotopaksi and cantonal head of the homonymous canton. It is located in the central highlands of the country, in the foothills of the mountains of the And ning Ekvador, near the Volcano Kotopaksi in the basin Patate. It is located at 2750 meters above sea level and has an average temperature of 12 degrees Celsius.

The city of Latacunga offers multiple destinations of various types (nature, culture, gastronomy, history, etc.), within the city and its surroundings.

• ibodathona Construction began in the mid-17th century with a large ship and cruise with octagonal dome is of Romanesque style. In the late 19th century it built tower of Romanesque arches and Islamic shot. In its altar of pumice it appreciate pieces of colonial imagery. It is in the streets: Quito and General Maldonado.^[18]
• Church of El Salto: Has a nave and twin towers, seated from north to south, it was made in the late 19th. It is located between the streets: Juan Abel Echeverría and Antonio Clavijo, next to the Plaza de El Salto.^[19]
• Church of La Merced: It started as a chapel in 1640, it is built on a Latin cross plan, of a nave with two cruisers, highlights an artistic dome. In 1949, by the earthquake in Amabato, the tower fell on the front door, being rebuilt, but lost its original structure. It is located between the streets: Juan Abel Echeverría, and Quijano y Ordóñez.^[20]
• Church of San Agustín: In neoclassical influence shows circular columns with Ionic capitals with its finished in cornice. Pumice is used to report quickly to the pillars that support the arches on both floors. In 1820, the monastery was occupied by Spanish military, serving as headquarters for a fraction of the Batallón "Los Andes". It is between the streets and Hermanas Páez and Quito.^[21]
• Church of San Francisco: Its construction began in 1600 and ended in 1693, but in 1698 the church was left in ruins by the earthquake. It is located at street General Manuel Maldonado and Quijano y Ordóñez.
• 'Church of San Sebastián:' is located at Josefa Calixto, between Juan Abel Echeverría and Isla San Bartolomé.
• 'Church of San Felipe'
• 'Church of Santo Domingo'
• 'Mills of Monserrat' : built in 1756, as a colonial textile mill, now a multi-cultural center, in its facilities is the Archaeological Museum (with pre-Incan cultural relics), the Folk Museum (clothing, tools and sets referring to various manifestations of popular culture). And the installation of the gallery with works of Tabara, Gerrero, Guayasamín, Roman
• Shahar saroyi: official building, town hall, built between 1910 and 1936 in pomza with Doric and Corinthian influence elements with wall decorations that reflect patriotic events.
• 'House of the Marquis of Miraflores ' : built in the first half of the 18th century, among its several owners highlights the latacungan Ignacio Flores, Marquis of Miraflores and President of the Real Audiencia of Charcas (now Bolivia) in 1782. In its construction are appreciated stone carved in pumice with Mudéjar arches and arabesques. At present works the Department of Culture and Public Relations of the Cabildo, small folk, civic and historical museums and library "Simón Bolívar".
• Ranch of Tilipulo: Originally built as a community operating worker in 1540. Today it is an architectural installation with religious influences that summarizing various aspects of local history.

Fiesta of la Mama Negra

This party has carried out in late September, the days 23 and 24, day of the autumn equinox, and that the Catholic Church commemorates the Virgin of Mercy; also it is celebrated by the festival of independence of the city, the November 11. It is a religious syncretism that has much color and joy as well as commotion, as thousands of domestic and foreign tourists attend this large festival not only to enjoy the music, costumes and dancing groups, but also the plentiful liquor. Despite this detail, the fiesta lives as pure representation of national folklore.

Latacunga, city embedded in the middle of the Ecuadorian Andes in South America, holds within it a unique socio-cultural and folk manifestation, the Comparsa de la Mama Negra, also called the Holy Tragedy or the Fiesta of the captaincy.

Its origin is lost in history, in a mixture of mestizo popular demonstrations: pagan and religious, Indigenous, African and Spanish; the same as its characters, rituals, costumes, music and dance bring life and endures over time such unique expression of the feelings of the people, retraced every year since the 17th century. In the 21st century it is a celebration in which homage to the Virgin of Mercy who granted according to tradition gratitude and recognition for protection in one of the eruptions of the world's highest active volcano, Cotopaxi.

On October 31, 2005, the National Institute of Cultural Heritage agreed to "declare as property belonging to the Intangible Cultural Heritage, the fiesta of la Mama Negra or fiesta of the Captaincy."

Sohillar

Salinalar

Chipipe plyaji

Salinalar bu a shahar ning Santa Elena viloyati. It is the cantonal head of Salinas Kanton. It has a population of 34 719 inhabitants and its urban area is divided in 4 parishes. It is located at the western end of the province and the mainland of the country; part of the urban area of sprig of Santa Elena, along with La Libertad, Santa-Xelena, José Luis Tamayo and Ballenita.

The city is considered the most important, popular and visited resort of Ecuador,^{[iqtibos kerak ]} for its beaches, upscale hotels, clubs, bars, discos and sports centers for the tourist.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Among the tourist attractions in Salinas are:

• Chipipe plyaji: This is the widest, known and safe beach of the area, has few waves so it is recommended for children and inexperienced people. The calm blue waters, the birds, the beach and beside tall buildings make for a very attractive landscape. In the middle of the beach is the "Salinas Yacht Club".^[22]
• San-Lorenso plyaji: This beach offers big waves, making it ideal for the bemaqsad. Here are a variety of crafts and fishing. On this beach there are numerous crabs, when approaching a person, hiding in holes in the sand make by themselves.^[23]
• Mar Bravo Beach: In this beach is forbidden to swim because the water is very dangerous. The sunsets are the main attraction of the place.^[24]
• La Chocolatera: Located at the Naval Base of Salinas. It is the western end of the town, the cantón, the province and the mainland of the country; it is also the second most westerly point of Janubiy Amerika. It is called Chocolatera by the ways that the waves crash in existing caves, forming foam and steam like a cup of chocolate. It has a colony of 20 sea lions and a dengiz chiroqi.^[25]
• The Ecuasal Pools: It are salt wells that give the name to the city of Salinas. Here it can observe the process of extraction of salt and 116 species of native birds, some migratory.

Atakames

Tonsupa, parish of the Atacames canton.

Atakames is the largest natural beach of Ecuador and the nearest of Quito; so most of the inhabitants of this city makes this resort one of the most visited and popular in the country.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Atacames and surroundings feature to tourist spacious strips of gray sand beach, several kilometers long at low tide, allowing a nice atmosphere for sand or water sports, especially the bemaqsad.^{[ohang ]}

Excursions to nearby places are also very popular among tourists.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} It highlights the watching of humpback whales during the summer months, and visiting forests and mangroves. The Island of Los Pájaros is a paradise for bird lovers as these animals are found in the wild. Yaqin Súa it can see a small zoo with local animal species, and the Atacama people themselves are a small museum and an aquarium. The marine aquarium La vida del mar, located on the boardwalk in the cantonal head, showing various own species of Ecuador's continental shelf.

Tonsupa, with its modern and elegant tourist residence towers, and several first-class hotels as Makana Resort, is a destination that has taken off in the last decade between the upper middle class and upper of north of the range, especially Kito. Xuddi shunday Bir xil, where it is the exclusive Club CasaBlanca, which gives the beach landscape of the parish a picturesque Mediterranean style.

To get to Atacames can be accessed by modern highway Autopista del Sol, Esmeraldas stretch, which connects with the road to Quito.An interesting feature for tourists is to use the motorcycle taxis as a means of transport to travel between regions.

In gastronomy include seafood and marine products in general. Very popular are the encocado de pescado, ceviche of shrimp, the traditional ceviche de concha and the corvina apanada, as well as innumerable buffet of dishes made with products of the sector.

Manta

El Murciélago Beach

Manta is visited annually by both foreign and domestic tourists. Its beaches include "Los Esteros", "Tarqui", "El Murciélago", "Barbasquillo", "San Lorenzo" y "Santa Marianita", "Liguiqui", "La Tiñosa" and "Piedra Larga".

Manta is known in Ecuador for the nightlife of the seawalls of El Murciélago and Tarqui and most of all the "pink zone" (zona rosa) as it is known on the street "Flavio Reyes" and also at the site of recent and growing movement " Plaza del Sol "; in all these places are many restaurants and various places of entertainment such as karaoke, discos and casinos.

It highlights the kindness and hospitality of its people, which makes this Cantón of the province of Manabí is preferred by both local and foreign. manta is known as one of the main ports of passing cruise in the South American coast.

The Eloy Alfaro xalqaro aeroporti joins Manta with Kito and Guayaquil.

Bahia de Karakes

Surfing on the beaches of Bahía de Caráquez ("La Bellaca" Tip)

It is a city of coastal geographical region belonging to the canton Sucre, in the jurisdiction of the province of Manabi. U og'zida joylashgan Chone daryosi, and has considerable tourist infrastructure that places like cantonal head. The city is located about an hour north of the city of Manta and in the pre-Columbian era hosted the ancient Indian city Carán. Across the bay is the town of San Vicente. This trip is very picturesque and can be performed either in a canoe passenger, in a barge or in the bridge linking the two populations. Bahía is a tourist place, crime is minimal. Bahía is one of the most exclusive beaches of Ekvador. Many people, especially from the capital city, Kito, vacationing there.

Currently Bahía de Caráquez has become an anchorage of international sailing, that for safety, tranquility and tourist facilities found in this city an ideal spot for relaxation.^{[asl tadqiqotmi? ]} The bay by have calm waters is used for water sports.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} It is also a city with nearby beaches as Canoa and La Bellaca, which are visited by surfers.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

The climate of Bahía de Caráquez is spring all year, its temperature fluctuates between 24 and 30 °C.

Esmeraldalar

Summer Fun at Las Palmas beach

Esmeraldalar is a capital city of Province of Esmeraldas, in northwestern Ecuadorian territory to 318 km of Kito. The beach of the town of Esmeraldas has weekends with culinary attention, and nightlife.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Beaches, Virgin Forests, Indigenous Cayapas, Marimba and afro-Ecuadorian dance, archaeological site La Tolita, Islands, flora and fauna.

Near this small city bordered on the north by the Colombian border and west to the Pacific Ocean, there are beaches that no further than 30 km away and it have the hotel infrastructure meeting the demanding tastes of tourists. To the southwest, 11 km, Same rises amidst palm trees and clear waters.

To the palate it test the "encocado de pescado", prepared with coconut juice, popular with residents and travelers.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Other typical dishes are the tapao, based on fish and plantains, patacones, empanadas, bolas and bolones de verde, also with plantains as base.

Playas

View of the beach town

Playas, is a city of viloyat ning Guayalar, located in the southwest of the country, along the tinch okeani, about 96 kilometers city of Guayakil. Its population is 34.409 inhabitants until the year (2010), although this rises to qish by the presence of tourists, because of its condition of kurort. Bu cantonal head of Canton Playas.

Since its founding, Playas was an important port for fishermans, condition that continues to this day. At the beginning of the 20th century, investing of people with some political power of Guayaquil, it launched the project of converting Playas in a resort. For 1910, Playas was incorporated as cherkov and finally in 1989 reached its separation of the canton Guayakil va cantonization.

After the creation of the province of Santa Elena in 2007, the city of Playas was established as the only resort of the province of Guayalar , which provided a better investment on this city as a tourist infrastructure.

Undoubtedly the best attractions are its long beaches, which have an excellent hotel infrastructure and services that make pleasant the visit and stay of thousands of Ecuadorian and foreign tourists, who every week visit this city.

• Playa Rosada, located near the lighthouse, is a peaceful place for bathers and especially for excursions.
• It can also go to visit the Shrine of Our Lady of the Rock (Santuario de la Virgen de la Roca).
• Near Casa Blanca club, it can see pelicans and other birds in the sector.
• Punta El Pelado, on the road to the site Engabao, is a pleasant and quiet ideal beach for hiking and camping with delicious local food.
• The horse riding for its beaches is one of its main attractions.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}
• The house of don Víctor Estrada is a true relic of the historical and cultural past.

In this county there are a lot of dishes that make the visit to Playas a true gastronomic delight. Among the most desired are a good range of ceviches ning katta dengiz qisqichbagasi, mayda qisqichbaqa, qobiq, baliq sakkizoyoq or mixed, seafood rice, whole fish to coal, jugged albacore, qovurilgan ustritsa va tuyaqush burgers.

Adabiyotlar

Tashqi havolalar

• Ekvador Vikivoyajdan sayohat uchun qo'llanma